《古兰经》在结构与艺术表现上具有奇妙的特质,自始至终保持着同样的卓越品质。因此,它与人类的作品截然不同。人类的作品即便出自同一作者、甚至同一部作品之中,也往往会出现水准、力量与高度的起伏。相比之下,《古兰经》的艺术特征始终维持在同一水平,这表明它出自那位不受变化的情势和暂时环境影响的主之手。
The Qur’ān is miraculous in its construction and artistic presentation, maintaining the same features of excellence throughout. Thus, it is totally unlike human works where we note variations in standard, power and level even by the same author and within the same work. By contrast, the Qur’ān maintains its artistic characteristics at the same level throughout, demonstrating that it is the work of the One who is not influenced by changing situations and temporary circumstances.
《古兰经》在其思想结构以及各部分之间的相互补充性方面也是独一无二的。其中没有任何事情是偶然发生的,也没有任何事情是错位出现的。它的一切指示和立法命令彼此完全和谐,涉及人类生活并规范其各个方面。即使在细微之处,其中也绝无任何矛盾。在其完整的立法内容中,没有一个方面或规定与人的本性相悖。一切都围绕同一个枢纽运转,服务于同一个目标,并保持完全的和谐。这绝非人力所能达成,它只能是不受时间和地点限制的无限知识的产物。唯有这样绝对的知识,才能产生如此完备而无瑕的法典。
The Qur’ān is also unique in its intellectual structure and the mutual complementarity of its parts. Nothing in it occurs by mere coincidence; nothing occurs out of place. All its directives and legislative orders are in full harmony, address human life and regulate all its aspects. There is absolutely no contradiction in it even at the level of minute detail. Not a single aspect or provision in its full volume of legislation is incompatible with human nature. Everything turns around the same pivot, serving the same aim, and maintaining full harmony. This could never have been achieved by human endeavour. It can only be the product of limitless knowledge that is free of the constraints of time and place. It is only such absolute knowledge that can produce such a complete and flawless code.
《古兰经》的独特之处,在于它流畅易懂的表达方式能够深入人心,打开每一把心锁,触及每一个发生作用的关节点。它为棘手的难题提供简单易行的解决方案,这一点令人惊叹。另一方面,它依照自身体系教化、塑造世人的方法也同样非凡:只用最轻柔的触动,没有繁复、无章可循或欺骗之处。
The Qur’ān is unique in the easy, flowing way it penetrates hearts and souls, opening every lock and touching every point of effect. The way it provides simple and easy solutions to intractable problems is remarkable. On the other hand, its method of educating and moulding people in accordance with its own system, using only the lightest of touches, free of complexity, irregularity or deception, is also extraordinary.
伊斯兰的讯息是真主所设计的,它对所有族群和所有世代都保持开放。它并非专为某个特定群体或地区而设。因此,它的神迹也应当对所有人开放,不论其族群与所处的世代。
The Islamic message is designed by God to remain open to all communities and all generations. It is not meant for any particular group or location. Hence, its miracle should also remain available to all regardless of their community and generation.
因此,真主将《古兰经》作为祂的奇迹,而非提供一种能让旁观者哑口无言、无从反驳的有形奇迹。有形的奇迹只能震慑亲眼目睹它的人,此后便沦为一段历史。与之相反,《古兰经》在其降示之后已逾一千三百多年,至今依然存在,它是一部阐明生活准则的公开之书。今天的人们只要决心去践行,便能在其中找到让自己的人生走上正轨所需的一切。
Hence God made the Qur’ān His miracle, rather than providing a physical miracle that leaves its onlookers speechless, having no counter argument. Physical miracles silence only those who see them, but they subsequently become no more than a piece of history. Conversely, the Qur’ān remains today, more than 13 centuries after its revelation, an open book outlining a code for life. People today find in it all that they need to put their lives on the right course, should they but determine to implement it.
它引导他们走向更美好的世界、更高远的境界,以及无比优越的归宿。
It leads them to a better world, higher horizons and an infinitely superior destiny.
后人将在《古兰经》中发现许多我们尚未能发掘的内容,因为《古兰经》为每一位求索者提供其所需之物,而其宝藏是自我更新、无穷无尽的。不信者未曾觉察到这一核心问题,因此,每当《古兰经》的启示被诵读给他们听时,他们总是置若罔闻。“每当有新的教诫从至仁主那里降临他们,他们总是掉头不顾。”(第5节)
Future generations will find in the Qur’ān much that we have not been able to discover, because the Qur’ān gives every seeker what that seeker needs, while its treasures remain self-renewing, limitless. The unbelievers were unaware of this central issue. Therefore, they continued to turn a deaf ear whenever Qur’ānic revelations were read out to them. “Yet whenever any fresh reminder comes to them from the Most Merciful, they always turn their backs on it.” (Verse 5)
我们注意到,这里提到的真主的属性是“至仁的”(Ar-Rahmān),这表明祂伟大的慈悯,即《古兰经》的降示。因此,他们背离《古兰经》的实质便显露出来:这是一种可憎的行为,拒绝了真主的眷顾与恩典。
We note that God’s attribute mentioned here is ‘the Most Merciful’ indicating His great act of mercy, namely the revelation of the Qur’ān. Thus, their turning away from it appears in its reality: it is an abhorrent act that rejects God’s care and grace.
他们剥夺了自己本该获得的这份怜悯,而他们恰恰是最需要它的人。
They deprive themselves of such mercy when they are the ones who need it most.
他们拒绝真主的慈悯,理应承受真主的惩罚:"他们确已否认[启示的真实性];他们终将明白,他们过去所嘲笑的究竟是什么。"(第6节)这一威胁以笼统、未明说的方式表达,带着一丝讽刺,与他们对真主警告的嘲弄正相契合。这节经文更为直译的意思是:"他们终将得知他们过去所嘲笑之事的消息。"不言而喻,他们不会得到任何消息;相反,他们将承受他们所嘲笑的惩罚,而且他们自己将成为消息的来源,因为人们会讲述发生在他们身上的事情。
Their rejection of God’s mercy merits the incurrence of God’s punishment: “They have indeed denied [the truth of revelation]; and they will in time come to understand what it was they were wont to deride.” (Verse 6) The threat is expressed in general, unspecified terms, with a touch of sarcasm that suits their derision of God’s warnings. A more literal translation of this verse is: they will in time receive the news of what it was they were wont to deride.’ Needless to say, they will not receive any piece of news; rather, they will endure the punishment they have derided, and they, themselves will provide the news as people relate what happens to them.
他们索要奇迹,却无视真主在他们周围所设置的无数神迹。对于心怀坦诚、思想开放的人来说,这些迹象已经足够。
They demand a miracle while ignoring the numerous miraculous signs God has placed all around them. These are sufficient for anyone with an open heart and mind.
诚然,在这个奇妙宇宙的每一个方面,都有一个伟大的迹象,足以给人们提供所需的一切安慰:“他们难道没有看见大地吗?我使各种美好的植物在其上生长。这里面确有一个明证;可是他们大多数不信道。”(章节7-8)
Indeed, in every aspect of this marvellous universe there is a great sign providing people with all the reassurance they need: “Do they not see the earth, how much of every noble kind We have caused to grow on it? Indeed, there is in this a sure sign; yet most of them will not believe.” (Verses 7-8)
植物从土壤中破土而出的生长过程,时时刻刻都可以被观察到。此外,植物有雌雄之分:在某些植物品种中,雌雄分别生长;而在大多数情况下,雌雄则生长在同一根茎上。然而,人们只需要去观察,就能体会其中的奥妙。
The growth of plants as they ease their way out of the earth is there to be watched at every moment. Moreover, plants are made as male and female, with the two growing separately in some plant species or mostly growing together in the same shoot. Yet it only needs that people should look in order for them to appreciate.
《古兰经》使人的心灵与宇宙间的景象直接相连,以唤醒人们的思想与感知。它展示了我们周围真主创造的伟大面貌,使我们以警醒的头脑和跳动的心灵审视这个生机勃勃的宇宙。这使我们能够通过祂奇妙的创造认识真主,并且每当我们看到祂的创造时,便向祂祈求。
The Qur’ān establishes a direct relation between the human heart and universal scenes so as to awaken people’s minds and perceptions. It demonstrates the great aspects of God’s creation all around us so that we look at the living universe with an alert mind and a beating heart. This enables us to recognize God through His marvellous creation, and makes us appeal to Him whenever we see this His creation.
因此,我们在白天和黑夜的每一刻都感受到祂的临在。我们也意识到,我们只是神所创造的众多造物之一,同样受着塑造万物存在的自然法则所约束。我们还认识到,我们在宇宙中肩负着一项特殊的使命,必须在地球上完成,而这颗星球正是我们被托付管理的家园。
Thus we feel His presence at every moment of the day and night. We also realize that we are only one type of God’s creatures, subject to the same natural laws that shape existence. We also recognize that we have a special role in the universe that must be fulfilled on earth, the planet which we have been placed in charge of.
“难道他们没有看见大地吗?我在大地上生长了多少各种高贵的植物。”(第7节)这种尊贵,源于由至尊至慷的真主所赐予的生命。这节经文的措辞提示我们,应当怀着敬重与尊崇去看待真主的创造,而不应忽视或轻贱它:“这里面确有明证。”(第8节)不信道者一直在要求一个迹象,而其实这一切之中就有一个伟大的迹象,只是很少有人留心它:“然而他们大多数不信。”(第8节)
“Do they not see the earth, how much of every noble kind We have caused to grow on it?” (Verse 7) This nobility is imparted through life that is given by God, who is most noble and most generous. The phraseology of this verse suggests that we should look at God’s creation with honour and respect, and not ignore or belittle it: “Indeed, there is in this a sure sign.” (Verse 8) The unbelievers had been demanding a sign while in all this there is a great sign, but few are those who take heed of it: “Yet most of them will not believe.” (Verse 8)
该章节引言的结尾是一句评语,每当一个论点结束时都会重复出现:"而你的主确实是全能的,至慈的。"(第9节)
The sūrah’s introduction ends with a comment that is repeated every time a point is concluded: “And indeed it is your Lord who is the Mighty One, the Merciful.” (Verse 9)
他有能力展示一切迹象,也有能力惩罚否认真理的人。
He is able to provide all signs and to inflict punishment on those who deny the truth.
他也是“至慈的”,祂向愿意信仰的人昭示祂的迹象。
He is also ‘the Merciful’ who shows His signs to those who are willing to believe.