G'animat mollarini, musulmonlar mablag'larini yoki zakotni o'zlashtirish
Misappropriating Spoils of War, Muslim Funds or Zakat
Alloh Taolo aytadi: { Agar sen biror qavmdan xiyonat qo'rqsang, (ularning ahdini) teng sharoitda ularga qaytar. Chunki Alloh xoinlarni sevmaydi. } (8:58)
Allah Most High says, { If thou fearest treachery from any group, throw back (their covenant) to them, (so as to be) on equal terms: for Allah loveth not the treacherous.} (8:58)
U yana aytadi: {Hech bir Payg'ambar xiyonat qila olmaydi. Kim xiyonat qilsa, Qiyomat kuni o'zi o'g'irlagan narsasini olib keladi, so'ngra har bir jon qilgan ishining to'liq haqini oladi.} (2:161)
He says too, {No Prophet could ever act dishonestly. If any person acts dishonestly he shall, on the Day of Judgement, restore what he misappropriated, then shall every soul receive its due whatever it earned.} (2:161)
Abu Hurayra rivoyat qiladi: Payg'ambar ﷺ g'ulul (o'g'rilab ganimat molidan olish) haqida gapirib, uning katta gunoh ekanini ta'kidlaganini eshitdi va shunday dedi: "G'ulul qilmanglar! Qiyomat kuni sizlardan birortangizning bo'ynida ovoz chiqarib ma'rayotgan tuyani ko'tarib kelishini istamayman. U kishi: "Ey Allohning Rasuli! Men uchun Allohga shafoat qiling!" deydi. Men esa: "Men sizga hech narsa qila olmayman, chunki Allohning xabarini sizga yetkazganman", deyman. Shuningdek, birortangizning bo'ynida kishnayotgan otni ko'tarib kelishini ham istamayman. U kishi: "Ey Allohning Rasuli! Men uchun Allohga shafoat qiling!" deydi. Men esa: "Men sizga hech narsa qila olmayman, chunki Allohning xabarini sizga yetkazganman", deyman."
Abu Hurairah heard the Prophet (pbuh) mentioning Ghulul, emphasizing its magnitude, and declaring that it was a grave sin, saying, "Do not commit Ghalul, for I would not like to see anyone amongst you on the day of Judgement, carrying over his neck a camel that will be grunting. Such a man will say,"O Allah's Apostle! Intercede with Allah for me!" and I will say," I cannot help you for I conveyed Allahs’ message to you. Nor would I like to see a man carrying over his neck a horse that will be neighing. Such a man will be saying," O Allahs' Apostle! Intercede with Allah for me!" and I will reply," I cannot help you, for I conveyed Allahs' message to you".
"Men uchratmasligim kerak edi: bo'yniga bo'zlayotgan qo'y ko'tarib yurgan, yoki bo'yniga yig'layotgan jon ko'tarib yurgan, yoki bo'yniga shamolda dalpang'ich qilayotgan kiyim ko'tarib yurgan, yoki bo'yniga oltin va kumush ko'tarib yurgan odamni. Ular: "Ey Allohning Elchisi! Biz uchun Allohga shafoat qiling", deydilar. Men esa: "Sizga hech narsa qila olmayman, chunki men Allohning xabarini sizlarga yetkazganman", deyman."1
Nor should I like to see a man carrying over his neck a sheep that will be bleating, or one carrying over his neck a crying soul, or one carrying over his neck clothes which will be fluttering, or one carrying over his neck gold and silver. Such men will be saying,' 0 Allah's Apostle! Intercede with Allah for us, and I will say," I cannot help you for I conveyed Allah's message to you.”1
Kimki bu turdagi o‘ljalardan, ular jangchilar o‘rtasida taqsimlanishidan oldin, yoki musulmonlarning umumiy xazinasidan imomning ruxsatisiz biror narsa olsa, yoki kambag‘allarga ajratilgan zakot mablag‘laridan biror narsa olsa, Qiyomat kuni o‘sha narsani bo‘yniga ortib keladi.
Whosoever takes from these kinds of the spoils before they are distributed among the fighters or something from the Muslim's common treasury without the Imam's permission, or something from the Zakat fund which is assigned to the poor, will come on the Day of Judgement carrying it on his neck.
Payg'ambar ﷺ shunday dedilar: "Ip va ignani ham qaytaring va g'alulдан saqlaning, chunki u (uni qilgan) kishini Qiyomat kuni sharmandalikka qoldiradi."2
The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Render back (even) the thread and the needle, and shun Ghalul, for it puts man (who commits it) to shame on the Day of Judgement.”2
Payg'ambar ﷺ Ibn al-Lutaybiyani zakot yig'ish uchun tayinladilar. U qaytib kelib dedi: "Bu (ya'ni zakot) sizniki, bu esa menga sovg'a qilingan." Shunda Payg'ambar ﷺ minbarga chiqib, xutba irod qildilar va dedilar: "Allohga qasamki, kim zakot mollaridan biror narsani (noqonuniy ravishda) olsa, u Qiyomat kunida uni bo'ynida ko'tarib Allohning huzuriga keladi."
The Prophet appointed a man named "Ibn Al-Lutaibah for collecting the Zakah. When he returned he said, "This (i.e. the Zakah) is for you and this has been given to me as a present: whereupon, the Prophet ascended the pulpit and gave a sermon, saying, "By Allah, whoever takes something from the resources of the Zakat (unlawfully) will meet Allah carrying it on his neck on the Day of Resurrection.
Albatta, sizlardan birortangizni Alloh huzuriga shunday holatda kelganini ko'rishim mumkinki, uning bo'ynida bo'kiragan tuya, yoki ma'rab turgan sigir, yoki mağ'ray turgan qo'y bo'ladi. Shunda Payg'ambar ﷺ qo'llarini shunchalik baland ko'tardilarki, hatto qo'ltiqlarining oqligini ko'rdik va uch marta: "Ey Alloh! Men (ularga) Sening xabaringni yetkazmadimmi?" dedilar.3
Verily, I may know one of you who will meet Allah carrying on his neck a camel what will be grunting, or a cow that will be mooing, or a sheep that will be bleating. Then the Prophet raised his hands till we saw the whiteness of his armpits, and he said thrice "0 Allah! Have I not conveyed your message (to them)?”3
Abu Hurayra rivoyat qiladi: "Xaybarni fath qilganimizda, o‘ljа sifatida na oltin, na kumush oldik, balki mol-mulk, oziq-ovqat va kiyim-kechak oldik. Keyin Allohning Rasuli ﷺ bilan Al-Qira vodiysiga jo‘nadik. O‘sha paytda Allohning Rasulining ﷺ Rifa‘a ibn Yazid ismli qullari bor edi, uni unga kasali bor bir kishi hadya qilgan edi."
Abu Hurairah narrated, "When we conquered Khaibar, we gained neither gold nor silver as booty, but we gained goods, food and clothes. Then we departed with Allah's apostle to the valley of " Al-Qira", and at that time Allah's apostle had a slave of his called "Rifa'ah lbn Yazid who had been presented to him by a man who had leprosy.
Qul ustozining egari tushirilayotgan paytda, o'qi kimdan otilgani noma'lum bir o'q kelib unga tegdi. Odamlar dedilar: "Unga shahodat muborak bo'lsin!" Allohning Rasuli ﷺ dedilar: "Yo'q, jonim qo'lida bo'lgan Zot haqi, u Xaybar kuni o'ljadan taqsim qilinmasdan oldin o'g'irlab olgan bir matoda (kiyimda) edi, u endi o'zini yondirayotgan olovga aylangan." Buni eshitib, bir kishi ﷺ Nabiyga bir yoki ikki juft poyabzal qayishini olib keldi va dedi: "Bular men o'g'irlab olgan narsalar." "Bu bir qayish yoki bu ikki qayish olovdan", dedi Nabiy ﷺ.
While the slave was dismounting the saddle of Allah's apostle, an arrow (its thrower was unknown) came and hit him. The people said, " Congratulations to him on his martyrdom". Allah's apostle said," No, by him in whose hand is my soul, he had a sheet (of cloth) which he had taken (illegally) on the day of Khaibar from the booty before its distribution and has become a flame of fire burning him.” On hearing that, a man brought one or two leather straps of shoes to the Prophet and said, "These are the things I took (illegally)” “This is a strap, or these are two straps, of fire", the Prophet said.” 1
Abdulloh ibn Amr rivoyat qiladi: "Payg'ambarning oila a'zolari va mol-mulkiga qarab turadigan bir kishi bor edi, uning ismi "Karkara" edi. O'sha kishi vafot etdi. Shunda Allohning elchisi ﷺ dedi: "U do'zaxda." Odamlar uning joyini ko'rgani bordilar va uning o'rnida o'zi o'g'irlagan bir ko'ylakni topdilar, u urush o'ljasidan olingan edi."2
`Abdullah Ibn ' Amr related, "There was a man who looked after the family and the belongings of the Prophet was called "Karkarah." The man died and Allah's apostle said," He is in the Hell fire. The people then went to look at him and found in his place a cloak he has stolen from the war booty.”2
Zayd ibn Xolid al-Juhaniy rivoyat qiladi: "Xaybar ganimatidan bir kishi o'g'irlik qildi. Shu sababli Payg'ambar ﷺ uning janoza namozini o'qishdan bosh tortdi va sahobalarga dedi: «O'z birodaringizga janoza namozini o'qing», (men esa unga namoz o'qimayman, chunki u Alloh yo'lida (urushdan olingan ganimatdan) o'g'irlik qildi)". Zayd qo'shib dedi: "So'ng biz o'sha kishining yukini tekshirdik va uning ichidan yahudiylarning, ikki dirham qiymatiga ega bo'lgan bir necha nok topdik". 3
Zaid Ibn Khalid AI-Juhani narrated, "A man has stolen something from the booty of Khaibar. As a result, the Prophet refused to observe the funeral prayer for him and said to his companions " Observe prayer for your fellowman, (and I would never observe it for him because he has stolen (from the booty obtained from war) in the way of Allah" Zaid added, "We, then, searched that man, luggage and found therein some of the Jews pear's which were worth two drachmas.” 3
Imom Ahmad rivoyat qilgan: "Alloh elchisi ﷺ ganimat molidan o'g'rilik qilgan va o'z joniga qasd qilgan kishidan boshqa hech kimga janoza namozini o'qimas edilar." Payg'ambar ﷺ aytdilar: "Rasmiy xodimlarga berilgan sovg'alar — bu bir xil g'ulul (xiyonat orqali olingan mol)dir." Bu mavzuga oid ko'plab Payg'ambar hadislari bor, ularning ba'zilari "Zulm" bobida keltirilgan.4
Imam Ahmad related, "Allah's apostle avoided prayer for none but the one who had stolen from the war booty and the one who had committed suicide. The Prophet said, "The gifts presented to official employees are a sort of Ghulul." And there are numerous Prophetic traditions related to this point, and some of them are mentioned in the chapter of "Injustice"4
Adolatsizlik, umuman olganda, uch toifaga bo'linishi mumkin:
Injustice, generally speaking, may be classified into three categories:
a) Birovning mulkini zo‘ravonlik bilan buzib-yo‘q qilish.
a) To violently spoil one's property.
b) Odamlarni nohaq o'ldirish, urish yoki yaralash orqali zolimlarcha harakat qilish.
b) To act tyrannically by unjustly killing, beating or wounding people.
c) Odamlarni shafqatsiz ravishda haqorat qilish, la'natlash, tuhmat qilish va ularga yomon muomala qilish. Payg'ambar ﷺ Mino'da turgan paytda shunday xutba ird etdilar, uning yakuni:
c) To aggressively insult, curse, slander and ill-treat people. The Prophet, while being at "Mina" gave a sermon that ended:
"Ey odamlar! Sizning mol-mulkingiz va izzatingiz bir-biringiz uchun xuddi bu kun, bu oy va bu shahar kabi muqaddasdir." va: "Vudusiz namoz sahih emas, g'ulul yo'li bilan olingan sadaqa esa harom qilingan." 5
"0 People! Your belongings, and your honor are sacred to each other as sacred as this day, this month, and this city.” and: prayer is invalid without ablution, and charity is unlawful from Ghalul.” 5
1 Muslim rivoyat qilgan.
1 Reported by Muslim.
2 Abu Dovud rivoyat qilgan.
2 Reported by Abu Dawud.
3 Bu hadisni al-Buxoriy va Muslim rivoyat qilgan.
3 Reported by A1-Bukhari and Muslim.
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1 Al-Buxoriy rivoyat qilgan.
1 Reported by Al-Bukhari.
2 Al-Bukhariy rivoyat qilgan.
2 Reported by A1-Bukhari.
3 Abu Dovud tomonidan rivoyat qilingan.
3 Reported by Abu Dawud.
Imom Ahmadning Musnadi.
4 Musnad of Imam Ahmad.
Al-Bukhariy rivoyat qilgan.
5 Reported by AI-Bukhari.