ابوبکر الصدیق، رضی الله عنه، خلیفهٔ رسول الله ﷺ بود. نام او عبدالله بن أبی قحافه عثمان بن عامر بن عمرو بن کعب بن سعد بن تیم بن مرّه بن کعب بن لؤی بن غالب القرشی التیمی بود، که نسبش در مرّه به نسب رسول الله ﷺ می‌رسد.

Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, was the khalifah of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. His name was cAbdullah ibn Abi Quhafah cUthman ibn cAmir ibn cAmr ibn Kacb ibn Sacd ibn Taym ibn Murrah ibn Kacb ibn Lu’ayy ibn Ghalib al-Qurashi at-Taymi, whose genealogy connects to that of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in Murrah.

النووی در تهذیب خود گفته است: آنچه گفتم، که نام ابوبکر الصدیق عبدالله بود، صحیح و مشهور است.

An-Nawawi said in his Tahdhib: What I have said, that the name of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq was cAbdullah, is correct and well known.

گفته می‌شود که نام او عَتِیق نیز بوده است، اما حقیقتی که عموم اهل علم بر آن اتفاق دارند این است که عتیق (آزادشده) لقبی محبت‌آمیز بوده و نام اصلی او نبوده است؛ و او این لقب را از آن رو یافت که از آتش آزاد شده بود، چنان‌که در حدیث ترمذی روایت شده است. همچنین گفته شده که این نام به سبب «عتاقة» چهره‌اش، یعنی نیکویی و زیبایی آن، بوده است، چنان‌که مصعب بن زبیر، لیث بن سعد و گروهی دیگر گفته‌اند. و گفته شده که علت آن این است که در نسب او هیچ عیب و ایرادی یافت نمی‌شود.

It is said also that his name was cAteeq, but the truth upon which the generality of the men of knowledge agree is that cAteeq (the one set free) was an affectionate nickname and not his own name and he was given that name on account of his having been set free from the Fire as has been narrated in the hadith of at-Tirmidhi; and it is also said, on account of his face’s citaqah, that is to say its goodness and beauty, as Muscab ibn az-Zubayr, al-Layth ibn Sacd and a whole group said; and it has also been said that it is because there is nothing in his genealogy to be found fault with.

مصعب بن زبیر و دیگران گفتند: «امت به اتفاق بر این که او را «صدّیق» نامیده‌اند توافق دارد، زیرا او در تصدیق رسول خدا ﷺ شتاب کرد و بر راستگویی پایداری ورزید، و در هیچ حال و شرایطی کوتاهی نکرد و تردید به خود راه نداد. او در اسلام جایگاه‌های بلندی داشت، از جمله داستان او در شب اسراء، پایداری او و پاسخ دادنش به کافران درباره آن.

Muscab ibn az-Zubayr and others said, ‘The ummah agree unanimously on his being named as-Siddiq because he hastened to affirm the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and adhered steadfastly to truthfulness, and he was not remiss nor did he hesitate in any state or condition. He made exalted stands in Islam, among which was his story on the Night of the Isra’, his steadfastness and his replying to the kujfar about it.

اینجا همچنین هجرت او همراه با پیامبر خدا ﷺ است، که او خانواده و فرزندانش را ترک کرد، و ماندنش نزد پیامبر ﷺ در غار و در بقیه مسیر (هجرت).

' I here is also his emigration with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, leaving his family and children, and his remaining by the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the Cave and on the rest of the journey (of the Hijrah).

سپس سخنان او در روز بدر، و در روز حدیبیه، آنگاه که موضوع به تأخیر انداختن ورود به مکه برای دیگران نامفهوم به نظر می‌رسید. و گریه‌اش هنگامی که رسول خدا ﷺ فرمود: «خداوند به بنده‌ای اختیار داده است میان این دنیا و آنچه نزد اوست، و او آنچه نزد خداست را برگزیده است.» پس از آن، پایداری او در روز وفات رسول خدا ﷺ است، و سخن گفتن او با مردم و آرام ساختن ایشان.

Ihen there are his words on the Day of Badr, and on the Day of Hudaybiyyah when the matter of delaying entry into Makkah seemed unclear to others. There is his weeping when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Allah has given a slave the choice between this life and the next (and he has chosen the next).” Later there is his steadfastness on the day of the death of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, his addressing the people and his stilling them.

و از جمله اقدامات او، اهتمامش به امر بیعت برای مصلحت مسلمانان بود؛ و همچنین کوشش او در اعزام لشکر اسامه بن زید به شام و پافشاری او بر آن.

There is his undertaking the matter of the oath of allegiance for the benefit of the Muslims, and then his diligence in sending the army of Usamah ibn Zaid to Syria and his determination on that.

سپس موضع‌گیری او در برابر کسانی بود که از اسلام بازگشتند، و گفتگوی او با دیگر صحابه تا آنکه با دلایلش بر استدلال‌های آنان چیره شد، و خداوند سینه‌های ایشان را گشود، همان‌گونه که سینه‌اش را به حقیقت و راستی گشوده بود، که آن جنگ با مرتدان بود. سپس تجهیز لشکرها برای رفتن به شام و فتح آن و پشتیبانی او از ایشان. آنگاه همه‌ی این‌ها را با کاری مهم که یکی از بهترین اعمال و والاترین فضایل او بود مهر زد: نصب عمر، رضی الله عنه، به خلافت مسلمانان (و دوراندیشی او درباره‌ی او، وصیتش به او، و سپردن امت به خداوند، تا آنکه خداوند عزیز و جلیل او را در میان ایشان به‌عنوان بهترین خلیفه جانشین کرد؛ و از عمر، که یکی از کارهای نیک او بود، برپایی اسلام، استوار شدن دین و تحقق وعده‌ی خداوند متعال که دین را بر همه‌ی ادیان آشکار خواهد ساخت، به دست آمد). چه بسیار است ویژگی‌ها، جایگاه‌ها و فضیلت‌های صدیق که شمارش‌شان ممکن نیست.» این سخن از النووی است.

Then there is the stand he took over those who reneged (on their Islam) and his exchange of views with the other Companions until he overcame their arguments with his proofs, and Allah expanded their breasts as He had expanded his breast to the reality and truth, which was to fight the renegades. Then there is his equipping the armies to go to Syria to conquer it and his support of them. Then he sealed all of that by an important action which was one of his best deeds and most majestic of his virtues - his appointment of cUmar, may Allah be pleased with him, as khalifah of the Muslims, (and his perceptiveness concerning him, his bequeathing to him, and his entrusting the ummah to Allah, so that Allah, the Mighty and Exalted, made him succeed among them as the best khalifah, and for cUmar, who was one of his good actions, were realised the establishment of Islam, the strengthening of the deen and the fulfilment of the promise of Allah, the Exalted, that He would make it manifest over the deen, all of it.) How many qualities, stations and virtues of as-Siddiq there are which just cannot be numbered.’ The above is from an-Nawawi.

می‌گویم: می‌خواهم مقدمه‌ای را که درباره‌ی الصدیق نوشته‌ام تا حدی گسترش دهم، و در آن بسیاری از آنچه را از زندگی او کشف کرده‌ام ذکر کنم، و آن را در بخش‌هایی منظم کنم.

I say: I want to expand upon the introduction to as-Siddiq somewhat, mentioning about him much that I have discovered of his life, and to arrange that in sections.