4.6 Hadis: Hudud, Korrupsiya va Tenglik haqida
4.6 Hadith On Hudud, Corruption, And Equality
Adolat islomiy axloqning muhim tarkibiy qismidir. Ammo "tenglik" tushunchasining barcha ko'rinishlari bir xil emas. Masalan, zamonaviy liberal tenglik tushunchasi klassik liberal mutafakkirlar ilgari surgan tenglik tushunchasidan sezilarli darajada farq qiladi. Masalan, Amerikaning asoschi otalari uchun ayollar va qora tanlilarga saylov huquqi yoki mulk egaligini cheklash ularning tenglik tushunchasiga to'liq mos edi.
Equality is a crucial component of Islamic ethics. But not all notions of “equality” are the same. The modern liberal notion of equality, for example, significantly diverges from the notion of equality propounded by classical liberal thinkers. For example, according to America’s founding fathers, barring women and blacks from voting or owning property was perfectly consistent with their understanding of equality.
Shunday bo'lsa-da, adolat bilan bog'liq tenglikning juda aniq ifodasi Payg'ambar ﷺ hadislaridan Sahih Buxoriyda quyidagicha keltirilgan:
Be that as it may, one very explicit expression of equality as it relates to justice from the sayings of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم is found in Sahih Bukhari as follows:
Usama Payg‘ambar ﷺ huzuriga bir o‘g‘rilik qilgan ayol uchun shafoat qilib keldi. Payg‘ambar ﷺ dedilar: “Sizdan oldingilar faqat shuning uchun halok bo‘ldilar: ular kambag‘allarga jazo joriy qilar, badavlat kishilarni esa kechirar edilar. Jonim qo‘lida bo‘lgan Zot haqqi! Agar Fotima (Payg‘ambar ﷺ ning qizi) ham shunday o‘g‘rilik qilganida, uning qo‘lini kesgan bo‘lardim.”
Usama approached the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم on behalf of a woman who had committed theft. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “The people before you were destroyed because they used to inflict the legal punishments on the poor and forgive the rich. By Him in Whose Hand my soul is! If Fatima (the daughter of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم (did that (i.e. stole), I would cut off her hand.”
Yana shu masalada batafsil ma'lumot beruvchi boshqa rivoyat:
Another narration on the matter that provides further details:
Quraysh qabilasi o‘g‘rilik qilgan Maxzumiya ayol haqida juda xavotirga tushdi.
“The Quraish became very worried about the Makhzumiya lady who had committed theft.
Ular aytdilar: "Allohning Elchisi ﷺ oldida (o'sha ayol nomidan) hech kim gapira olmaydi, Allohning Elchisi ﷺ ning sevimlisi bo'lgan Usomadan boshqa hech kim buni qilishga jur'at etmaydi." Usoma Allohning Elchisi ﷺ bilan o'sha masala haqida gaplashganda, Allohning Elchisi ﷺ dedi: "Allohning hadlaridan birini buzish uchun shafoat qilyapsanmi?" So'ng u turib, odamlarga murojaat qilib dedi: "Ey odamlar! Sizlardan oldingi xalqlar adashdilar, chunki ulardan biror olijanob kishi o'g'rilik qilsa, uni qo'yib yuborar edilar, ulardan biror zaif kishi o'g'rilik qilsa, unga hadd jazosini joriy qilar edilar. Alloh haqqi, agar Muhammadning qizi Fotima o'g'rilik qilsa, Muhammad uning qo'lini kesib tashlardi!"
They said, “Nobody can speak (in favor of the lady) to Allah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم and nobody dares do that except Usama who is the favorite of Allah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم. “When Usama spoke to Allah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم about that matter, Allah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Do you intercede (with me) to violate one of the legal punishments of Allah?” Then he got up and addressed the people, saying, “O people! The nations before you went astray because if a noble person committed theft, they used to leave him, but if a weak person among them committed theft, they used to inflict the legal punishment on him. By Allah, if Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad committed theft, Muhammad would cut off her hand!”
Ba'zi musulmon bo'lmaganlar jismoniy jazo g'oyasidan cho'chishi mumkin, lekin men oqilona musulmon bo'lmagan kishilar og'ir o'g'irlik uchun bunday jazoning to'sqinlik vositasi sifatida bo'lish ehtimolini avtomatik ravishda rad etishlari kerakligini tushunmayman. Bugungi dunyoga qarang: investitsiya banklari va yirik korporatsiyalar global miqyosda firibgarlik qilishdan tortinmaydi, jamoatchilikdan so'言 milliardlab dollarni o'g'irlaydi va so'nggi o'n yilliklarda butun dunyoni silkitgan turli moliyaviy inqirozlarga sabab bo'ladi. Ushbu bankirlarning ba'zilari bunday jinoyatlar uchun sudlangan bo'lsa ham, ular bir kun ham qamoqda o'tirganmi? Mutlaqo yo'q! Ko'pi bilan ularga jarima solingan. Tasavvur qiling: siz bir milliard dollarni o'g'irlaysiz-u, atigi bir necha million dollar jarima to'laysiz. Menimcha, bu juda katta foyda. Lekin ko'p mamlakatlardagi "adliya" tizimi kambag'allarning mayda jinoyatlariga qanchalik qattiq munosabatda bo'lishiga qarang. Arzon televizor o'g'irlang, yillar davomida qamoqqa tushishingiz mumkin. Bu qanday qilib proporsional? Bunda tenglik qayerda? Korporativ noqonuniy xatti-harakatlar va investitsiya banklarining qonunbuzarliklari butun dunyoda millionlab odamlarning ishsiz qolishi, uylaridan ajralishi va hatto hayotidan ayrilishiga olib kelgan, hisobsiz azoblarga sabab bo'ldi. Bular haqiqatan ham qo'lni kesishga loyiq jinoyatlardir.
Some non-Muslims may bristle at the idea of corporal punishment, but I certainly don’t see why reasonable non-Muslims should automatically disqualify the possibility of such punishment as a deterrent for egregious theft. Look at today’s world, where investment banks and major corporations have no qualms committing fraud on a global scale, literally stealing billions of dollars from the public and causing all manner of financial crises that have rocked the world over the past decades. Even when some of these bankers were convicted of committing these crimes, did they serve a day in jail? Absolutely not! At most they were fined. Imagine that: you steal a billion dollars and only have to pay a fine of a few million dollars. Sounds like a great profit margin to me. But look at how harshly the “justice” system in many countries treats petty crime by the poor. Steal a cheap TV and you could face years in prison. How is that proportional? Where is the equality there? Corporate malfeasance and illegality on the part of investment banks have resulted in immeasurable suffering the world over as millions of people lost their jobs, lost their homes, and lost their lives. These are crimes that truly deserve hand-cutting.
Shu bilan birga, Payg'ambar ﷺ bunday zulmning oqibatlaridan oldindan ogohlantirganlar va bu xalqlarning fuqarolari hamda yashovchilari sifatida, bu barchamiz uchun yomon xabardir.
In any case, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم forewarned the results of such injustice and as citizens and residents of these nations, that is bad news for all of us.