6.12 Feminizm va hijob (yoki zamonaviy diskursni tanqidiy qabul qilmasdan o'zlashtirishning xavflari)
6.12 Feminism And Hijab (or The Dangers Of Uncritically Adopting Modernist Discourse)
Kiyim kiyish yoki yechinish usulimiz boshqalarga salbiy ta'sir qilishi mumkin. Bu haqda ham islomiy axloq, ham dunyoviy qonun tan oladi. Islomiy nuqtai nazardan, masalan, biz nigoh yurak va aql-idrokka ta'sir qilishini bilamiz. Agar jamiyat yalang'och holatdagi odamlar tasvirlariga to'lib ketgan bo'lsa va ko'chalar o'z tanasini namoyish qilayotgan erkak va ayollar bilan to'la bo'lsa, bu buzuqlikka va keng tarqalgan fasodga olib keladi. Lekin dunyoviy madaniyat ham bunday yalang'ochlikning salbiy oqibatlarini tan oladi. Buni maktablar va boshqa muassasalarda qat'iy kiyinish qoidalari mavjudligi isbotlaydi. Shuningdek, barcha davlatlarda ochiq-oshkora uyatsiz harakatlar uchun qonunlar bor. Hatto pornografiyaning psixologik va nevrologik zararlari haqida ko'plab ilmiy tadqiqotlar ham o'tkazilgan.
The way we dress (or undress) can negatively impact others. Both Islamic ethics and secular law acknowledge this. Islamically, for example, we know that the gaze affects the heart and mind. If society is saturated with images of people in a state of undress and the streets are full of men and women flaunting their bodies, this leads to corruption and widespread fasad. But even secular culture recognizes the negative consequences of such nudity. This is proven by the fact that schools and other institutions maintain strict dress codes. Also, all countries have indecent exposure laws. And there have even been numerous scientific studies expounded on the psychological and neurological harms of pornography.
Maqsad shuni ko'rsatishki: ha, kiyimingiz muhim, va feministlarning "ayollar istagan kiyimni kiyishi yoki yechinishi mumkin va hech kim ularga boshqacha aytishga haqqi yo'q" degan da'vosi noto'g'ri va chuqur buzg'unchilikdir. Ha, odamlarning ayollarga qanday kiyinish kerakligini aytish haqqi bor. Darhaqiqat, G'arb hukumatlari "ochiq-saochiqlik" deb belgilagan narsa bo'yicha ayollarga (va erkaklarga) qanday kiyinish kerakligini aytish huquqidan foydalanadi. Demak, agar G'arb hukumatlari bu huquqdan foydalansa, nega Islom huquqi foydalanmasligi kerak? Asosiy tamoyil bir xil, faqat G'arb jamiyati "uyatsiz" deb hisoblagan narsa Islom huquqi uyatsiz deb hisoblagan narsa bilan aynan bir xil emas. G'arb jamiyati uyatsiz deb hisoblagan narsa o'zgaruvchan madaniyat tomonidan kuchli ta'sirlanadi. Buning aksi o'laroq, Islom me'yorlari insonlarni yaratgan Yaratuvchining abadiy donishmandligiga asoslangan bo'lib, U bizning tabiatimizni biladi va haqiqatda nima foydali, nima zararli ekanini biladi.
The point of all this is to show that: Yes, your clothes matter and it is wrong and deeply destructive for feminists to claim that “women can dress or undress however they want and no one has the right to tell them otherwise.” Yes, people do have that right to tell women how to dress. In fact Western governments exercise that right to tell women (and men) how to dress when it comes to what they define as “indecent exposure.” So, if Western governments exercise that right, why can’t Islamic law? It’s the same underlying principle, except that what Western society considers “indecent” is not exactly what Islamic law considers as such. What Western society considers indecent is highly influenced by changing culture. In contrast, Islamic standards are based on the timeless wisdom of the Creator of human beings, who knows our nature and knows what is truly beneficial or harmful.
Qur'on oyatlarida ayollar kiyimi masalasi:
Consider the Quranic on the issue of women’s dress:
“Ey Nabiy! Xotinlaringga, qizlaringga va mo‘min ayollarga ayt: (tashqariga chiqqanlarida) ustlariga ro‘mollarini tushirib olsinlar. Bu ularning tanilishi va ozor ko‘rmasliklari uchun eng yaxshisidir. Alloh Mag‘firat qiluvchi, Rahmli zotdir.”
“O Prophet! Tell thy wives and daughters, and the believing women, that they should cast their outer garments over their persons (when abroad): that is most convenient, that they should be known (as such) and not molested. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”
Al-Ahzob [Q33:59]
Al-Ahzab [Q33:59]
Hijobning maqsadlaridan biri bu oyatda juda aniq bayon etilgan: ta'qib va bezovtalikdan saqlanish. Bu yerda hijobning hikmatini, u qanday obyektiv foydali ekanini, u qanchalik oqilona ekanini hamda shaxsiy va jamiyat darajasida adolatga qanchalik xizmat qilishini ko'ramiz. Zamonaviy musulmonlar o'ylaganidek emas, hijob faqat ramziy ma'noga ega bo'lgan bo'sh odat emas. Hijobni eng yaxshi holda ahamiyatsiz madaniy qoldiq, eng yomon holda esa erkaklar tomonidan zulm vositasi sifatida ko'rsatishga intilayotgan dunyoviy fikr bor. Hijobni bikini bilan tenglashtirib, ikkalasi ham ayolning tanlovi va shu sababli uning erkinligi ifodasi, deb ta'kidlash ham dunyoviy tafakkurning bir ko'rinishidir. Yo'q, hijob amaliy jihatdan, oqilona jihatdan va axloqiy jihatdan ustundir. "Tanlov kuchi" haqidagi eskirgan shiorlarni takrorlash o'rniga, shu haqda faxrlaning. Allohning hijobni bir maqsad, bir hikmat va insoniyat foydasi uchun farz qilganiga ishonasizmi? Agar shunday bo'lsa, odamlarning tanasini ochib qo'yishi yaxshi narsa, degan zamonaviy da'voni rad etishingiz kerak. Har kimning o'zi xohlagancha o'zini ochib yurish huquqiga ega ekanligi g'oyasini rad etishingiz kerak. Spirtli ichimliklardan, qimor o'yinidan, cho'chqa go'shtidan va boshqalardan saqlanishda ko'zga yaqqol tashlanadigan amaliy foyda bo'lgani kabi, hijobda ham amaliy foyda bor, deb ishonishingiz kerak. Albatta, agar siz nomusulmon jamiyatda yashasangiz, bu e'tiqodlarni boshqalarga "majburlash" deyarli hech qachon imkoni bo'lmaydi. Ammo bu shu ko'rsatmalar insoniyatning hammasi uchun eng to'g'ri, eng adolatli va eng foydali ekaniga ishonishingizga to'sqinlik qilmaydi, atrofimizda qilinayotgan ishlar esa buzuqlik va azob-uqubatga sabab bo'layotganini anglatmaydi. Bu e'tiqodni asrash va parvarish qilish muhim, chunki, boshqa narsalar qatorida, biz bolalarimiz kelajakda to'g'ri hijobga amal qilishini istasak, buni qadrlashimiz zarur. Agar biz hijobning bu amaliy foydasiga ishonmasak, keyingi avlodning ko'p qismi uni qabul qilishga ehtiyoj sezishi kam ehtimol, chunki ular buni bo'sh ramziy harakat yoki oldingi, ma'rifatsiz avlodning madaniy qoldig'i deb biladi. Darhaqiqat, bugun biz aynan shuni ko'ryapmiz: nafaqat yoshlar orasida, balki oldingi bir necha avlodda ham. Vaziyatimizga nazar tashlasak, bugun musulmon ayollar hijobni ommaviy ravishda tashlab ketmoqda. Nima uchun? Bu gap musulmon ayollarni aybdor deb aytish yoki hijob kiymaganlarni ayblash uchun emas. Yo'q, biz hammamiz mas'ulmiz va hammamiz kurashmoqdamiz. Ammo keling, bu kurashni aniq fikr bilan olib boraylik.
One of the central purposes of covering is spelled out very clearly in this verse: To avoid molestation and harassment. Here we see the wisdom of hijab, how it is objectively beneficial, how it is rational and most conducive to justice on the personal and societal level. Contrary to what modernist Muslims seem to believe, hijab is not an empty ritual with only symbolic significance. It is secular thought that wants to portray the hijab as a mere cultural fossil with no moral relevance at best, and as an impractical tool of oppression by men and nothing else at worst. It is a secular mindset to equate the hijab and the bikini and say that they are both equally expressions of women’s freedom because they both represent a woman’s choice and therefore her empowerment. No, hijab is practically, rationally, and morally superior. Be proud of that instead of repeating stale cliches about “the power of choice.” Do you not believe that Allah has commanded the hijab for a purpose, a wisdom, and the benefit of humanity? If so, then you should reject the modernist claim that it is a good thing for people to expose their bodies. You should reject the idea that everyone has a right to expose themselves to their own liking. You should believe that there is a practical benefit for hijab in the same way that there is a practical benefit that we readily recognize in avoiding alcohol, gambling, pork, etc. Obviously, if you live in a non-Muslim society, there’s hardly ever a possibility of “imposing” these beliefs on others. But that doesn’t mean you cannot believe that these injunctions are the most correct, just, and beneficial for all of humanity and that the way things are done all around us is detrimental and the cause of corruption and suffering. Cherishing and nurturing this belief is important if, among other things, we want our children to observe proper hijab in the future. If we don’t believe that hijab has this practical benefit, there is little chance many in the next generation will feel the need to adopt what they will see as empty symbolic gestures or cultural relics of a prior, unenlightened generation. Indeed, this is what we see today, not only among the youth but also the previous few generations. If you look at our condition, Muslim women today are leaving the hijab en masse. Why is that? And this is not just to say that it is Muslim women who are at fault or to blame anyone who does not wear hijab. No, we are all responsible and we are all struggling. But let’s struggle with clear-mindedness.