2015-yilda men mahalliy masjidda patriarxat va feminizm mavzusidagi munozarada ishtirok etishga taklif qilindim. Sana belgilanib, ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda e'lon qilinganidan bir oy o'tgach, tadbir kutilmaganda bekor qilindi, buning sabablari menga hech qachon aniq bildirilmadi.

In 2015, I was asked to participate in a debate on patriarchy and feminism at a local masjid. A month or so after the date was set and announced on social media, the event was abruptly canceled for reasons that were never made clear to me.

Men ochiq aytishim kerak: bu birinchi marta emas edi va oxirgisi ham bo‘lmasligi aniq. Men ushbu masjid bu tadbirni nima uchun bekor qilganini taxmin qilmoqchi emasman. Tadbirni kim bekor qilganini yoki u nima sababdan buni qilganini ham bilmayman.

I’ll be honest: This was not the first time that something like this had happened and I’m sure it won’t be the last. I am not going to speculate as to why this particular masjid canceled this particular event. I don’t even know who was responsible for canceling the event or exactly why he/she/ they did so.

Debat uchun tayyorgarlik ko'rayotganimda, pozitsiyamning asosiy mazmuni yuzasidan qisqa eslatmalar tayyorladim (quyida). Albatta, bu shunday pozitsiyaki, uni ba'zilar chuqur xafa qiladigan deb biladi — hatto tsenzuraga olish darajasida. Lekin menimcha, endi "siyosiy jihatdan noto'g'ri" deb qaraladigan bu muhim savollarni ochiq berish vaqti keldi. Qanday sabab bo'lmasin, biz g'oyalarni hurmat bilan va ilmiy ruhda muhokama qila olishimiz kerak, ayniqsa musulmon jamoatiga va musulmon ongiga katta ta'sir ko'rsatadigan, ko'plab shubhalarning manbai bo'lgan g'oyalarni.

In preparing for the debate, I put together some brief notes on the basic thrust of my position (below). Obviously, it is a position some find deeply offensive — offensive enough to censor. But I think it is high time we ask these important questions even though, for whatever reason, they are considered politically incorrect. I think we should be able to debate ideas in a respectful and academic fashion, especially ideas that have such a major influence on the Muslim community and the Muslim mind and are the source of much doubt.

Afsuski, bunday suhbat bo'lishini istamaydigan va uni boshlashga urinган har kimni to'xtatib qo'yadigan kishilar ham bor.

Unfortunately, there are those who do not want to see such a conversation happen and will shut down anyone who tries to have it.

Shunday bo'lsa ham, mening rejam asosiy g'oyamni tarixiy va falsafiy manbalardan, shuningdek feministlarning o'zlarining asarlaridan olingan keng ko'lamli dalil va argumentlar yordamida himoya qilish edi. Shuningdek, musulmon feministlari yillar davomida qattiq hujumga uchratgan klassik olimlarni himoya qilish uchun ham tayyor dalillarim bor edi.

In any case, what I had planned to do was defend my position using a wide range of arguments and evidence from historical and philosophical material as well as the work of feminists themselves. I also had arguments lined up in defense of classical scholars that Muslim feminists have viciously attacked over the years.

Бугунги кунда кенг тарқалган бир қараш борки, у Иккинчи тўлқин феминизм пайдо бўлганидан бери тобора таъсирли бўлиб бормоқда: ҳар бир жамиятдаги асосий куч муносабатларидан бири — турли ижтимоий синфлар, ирқлар, қабилавий алоқалар ва бошқалар ўртасидаги муносабатлардан ташқари — жинслар ўртасидаги куч муносабатларидир. Турли сиёсий гуруҳлар ва синфлар ҳар бир жамиятда ҳокимият учун курашганидек, жинслар ҳам шундай курашади: эркаклар аёллар ҳаракатига қарши. Барча жамиятларда бу борада куч тафовути мавжуд бўлган ва универсал тарзда эркаклар аёлларни бошқариб келган — бу патриархат дир. Бизнинг замонамизда бу ҳукмронлик эркаклар онгли равишда аёлларни бўйсундиришлари маъносида доимо очиқ бўлавермайди, гарчи баъзи ҳолларда бу ҳам рост бўлиши мумкин. Аксинча, биз аёлларни бўйсундиришда давом этаётган, қотиб қолган куч тузилмаларига эга патриархал тизимни мерос қилиб олганмиз. Феминистларнинг фикрича, бу патриархал тузилмаларга қарши курашиш бизнинг маънавий бурчимиздир. Буларнинг барчаси Ислом тарихига ҳам баробар тегишлидир. Бу ерда феministлар ўртасида баъзи келишмовчиликлар бор. Феминистларнинг етакчи олимлари вакиллик қиладиган асосий позиция шундайки, барча дин моҳиятан патриархал ва шу боис аёлларга зулмкордир. Мусулмон феминистлар бунга эътироз билдирадилар ва аксинча, Оллоҳ патриархал эмас ва аёлларни эркакларга бўйсундиришни истамайди, деб даъво қиладилар. Аксинча, Оллоҳнинг ваҳий қилинган дини — Ислом — тўлиқ тенг ҳуқуқли бўлиб, эркаклар томонидан бу динни патриархал тарзда талқин қилиниши аёл мусулмонларни эзадиган қоида ва одатларни келтириб чиқаради. Шу нуқтадан турли мусулмон феминистлар чегарани турлича жойда чизадилар. Масалан, кўп хотинлилик қоидалари ҳақиқий Исломга кирадими ёки улар патриархал қўшимчалармими? Баъзилар ҳа, баъзилар йўқ, дейди. Аёллар ҳақидаги баъзи ҳадислар ҳақиқий Исломми ёки шунчаки патриархал сохталикларми? Аёллар ҳақида фикр билдирган айрим классик олимларнинг қарашлари ҳақиқий Ислом ҳақида холис, асосли тушунча берадими ёки уларнинг фикрларини патриархал ғараз бўяб қўйганми? Modern non-Muslim feminists regard over a hundred "controversial" examples in which Islam, from their perspective, oppresses or at least disenfranchises women. Different Muslim feminists adopt different strategies in countering this perspective and in defending the view that true Islam is egalitarian.

There is a common perspective that has grown increasingly more influential since the dawn of Second Wave feminism that one of the primary power dynamics within every society — in addition to the dynamics between different socio-economic classes, races, tribal affiliations, etc. — is the power dynamics between the genders. Just like different political factions and classes are vying for power in every society, so are the genders, men against women. All societies experience a power differential in this regard, and universally it has been the case that men dominate women — this is patriarchy. In our times, this domination is not necessarily overt such that men are consciously dominating women, though in some instances, that may be true as well. Rather, we have inherited a patriarchal system with ossified power structures that continue to subjugate women. It is our moral duty, argue feminists, to fight against these patriarchal structures. All of this applies in spades to Islamic history. Here feminists will have some disagreements. The default feminist position as represented by their leading scholars is that all religion is inherently patriarchal and therefore oppressive to women. Muslim feminists take issue with this and claim, to the contrary, that God is not patriarchal and does not desire to subjugate women to men. Rather, God’s revealed religion, Islam, is fully egalitarian and it is only a patriarchal reading of that religion by men which gives us rules and customs that oppress Muslim women. From this point, different Muslim feminists draw the line in different places. Are the rules of polygyny, say, part of true Islam or are they patriarchal accretions? Some say yes, some say no. Are certain hadith on women true Islam or just patriarchal fabrications? Are certain classical scholars opining on women presenting an honest, valid understanding of true Islam, or is it just a patriarchal bias coloring their views? There are over a hundred “controversial” examples of where, from the perspective of your average modern non-Muslim feminist, Islam oppresses, or at least disenfranchises women. And different Muslim feminists will take different strategies in countering that perspective in defending the notion that true Islam is egalitarian.

Mening fikrimcha, feminizmning butun loyihasi — dunyoviy bo‘lsinmi yoki musulmonlarniki bo‘lsin — noto‘g‘ri yo‘naltirilgan. Aslida, jamiyatdagi gender asosidagi ziddiyat tushunchasining o‘zida jiddiy kontseptual va dalilli muammolar bor. Erkaklar ayollarni tizimli ravishda ekspluatatsiya qilish va erkaklar manfaatini ayollar manfaatidan ustun qo‘yish uchun umumiy tuzilma — patriarxatni yaratib, saqlab kelgan, degan qarash tarixiy faktlar va nazariy tahlil bilan tasdiqlanmaydi. Ha, patriarxat mavjud, chunki tarixdagi har bir jamiyatda erkaklar hokimiyatga ega bo‘lgan. Lekin bu hokimiyat faqat erkaklarning manfaati uchun, ayollar zarariga emas, balki hammaning manfaati uchun xizmat qilgan.

My view is that the entire feminist project, whether of the secular or Muslim variety, is misguided. In reality, there are major conceptual and evidential problems with the entire notion of societal conflict based on gender. The idea that men have constructed and maintained a universal structure, namely patriarchy, to systematically take advantage of women and prioritize men’s interests over women’s is not substantiated by historical facts or theoretical scrutiny. Yes, patriarchy exists in the sense that men have had authority in every society of history. But that authority was for the benefit of all, not merely the benefit of men at the expense of women.

Ushbu suhbatda hal qilinishi kerak bo'lgan asosiy masalalar haqida o'ylaganimda, quyidagi savollar birinchi o'rinda turadi. Birinchi savol: 1400 yillik musulmon ilmiy an'anasini asosan patriarxal zulm ichida yashagan va, hech bo'lmaganda ma'lum darajada, shu zulm bilan yo'naltirilgan deb tushunish qanday ilohiyot oqibatlariga olib keladi? Ikkinchi savol: har bir o'tmish va hozirgi jamiyat patriarxatdan aziyat chekkan deb da'vo qilish nimani anglatadi, ya'ni bu inson tabiati haqida nima deydi va, undan kelib chiqib, o'sha inson tabiatini va o'sha inson tarixini yaratgan Allohga (SWT) nisbatan nima deyiladi? Uchinchi savol: patriarxat musulmon jamiyatlari duch kelayotgan gender munosabatlari, oiladagi zo'ravonlik va boshqa muammolarni yetarlicha yoki to'g'ri tushuntiradimi? Men bu muammolarning mavjudligini inkor etmayman.

As far as what is at stake in this conversation, these are some of the main questions that come to my mind. What are the theological implications of understanding 1400 years of the Muslim scholarly tradition as being by and large immersed in and, to at least some extent, guided by patriarchal oppression? What are the ontological implications of claiming that every society past and present suffered from patriarchy, i.e., what does this mean for human nature and, by extension, God Himself, who created that human nature and that human history? Is patriarchy an adequate or accurate explanation of the problems Muslim societies face with regard to gender relations, domestic abuse, etc. (i.e., problems that I do not deny exist)?

Ushbu savollar nazarda tutganidek, patriarxat g'oyasi – ayollarga qarshi erkaklar zulmining umumjahon tizimi sifatida – musulmon ongi uchun juda zararlidir. Sababi shundaki, bu g'oya barcha dinni va diniy hokimiyatni patriarxatning bir qismi sifatida ko'rsatadi, demak din, butunlay yoki asosan, erkaklar manfaati uchun ayollarni ezish vositasi bo'lib chiqadi.

As these questions are meant to imply, the idea of patriarchy as a universal system of male oppression against women is extremely damaging to the Muslim mind. This is because the idea effectively renders all of religion and religious authority as an arm of patriarchy, which means that religion, either in its entirety or in large part, is a tool to oppress women for the benefit of men.

Shunday ekan, musulmon feministlarning tobora radikal va og'ishgan qarashlarni qabul qilib, ularning ko'pchiligi oxir-oqibat dinni tark etishi ajablanarli emasmi?

Is it any surprise, then, that Muslim feminists accept and espouse increasingly radical and deviant views and many of them ultimately apostatize?

Albatta, hatto diniy jihatdan taqvodor musulmon ayollarning ham feminizmning asosiy tamoyillarini, jumladan, butun tarix davomida davom etgan universal zulmkor patriarxat g'oyasini qabul qilayotganini ko'rish kishini ruhan tushkunlikka soladi.

Certainly, it is depressing to see even otherwise religiously devout Muslim women accepting the basic premises of feminism, including the idea of universal oppressive patriarchy extending throughout history.

Aslida, feminizmning barcha tarmoqlari va turlari Islomga zid va murdordir. Musulmon feministlar bunga qarshi chiqishi mumkin, ammo bu haqiqatni o‘zgartirmaydi. Buni oddiy bir dalil isbotlaydi:

In reality, all branches and varieties of feminism are anathema to Islam. Muslim feminists might disagree with this, but it does not change the fact. This is proven by a simple argument:

1. Feminizmga sodiq bo‘lish uchun Patriarxat tezisini qabul qilmasdan iloj yo‘q, ya’ni tsivilizatsiya tongidan beri mavjud bo‘lib kelgan, erkaklar tomonidan saqlanadigan va ayollarni bo‘ysundirish hamda zulm qilish uchun mo‘ljallangan ijtimoiy tuzilma mavjud, degan tezisni.

1. One cannot be committed to feminism without accepting the Patriarchal Thesis, i.e., the thesis that there exists a social structure perpetuated by men designed to subjugate and oppress women that has existed since the dawn of civilization.

2. Patriarxal tezis Islomga zid va qat'iy rad etiladi.

2. The Patriarchal Thesis is anathema to Islam.

3. Shunday qilib, feminizm Islom uchun qat'iyan qabul qilib bo'lmaydigan narsadir.

3. Therefore, Feminism is anathema to Islam.

Patriarxal tezis (PT) Islom nuqtai nazaridan nega shunchalik zararli?

Why is the Patriarchal Thesis (PT) so noxious as far as Islam is concerned?

Birinchidan, PT nubuvvat tushunchasining o‘zini zaiflashtiradi. Insoniyatni chaqirgan va o‘z qavmi oldida turib Islomga da’vat qilgan barcha anbiyo erkaklar edi. Ushbu anbiyolarning barchasi ayollarni bo‘ysundirish uchun foydalanilgan patriarxal tuzumning bir qismi bo‘lganmi?

First of all, PT undermines the very notion of nubuwwa. All anbiya who preached to humanity and stood in front of their people to call to Islam were men. Were all these anbiya part of the patriarchal structure used to dominate women?

PT ham ulamo an'anasini zaiflashtiradi. Bizning an'anamizdagi ulamoning aksariyati erkaklar bo'lgan, eng nufuzli va eng serhosil olimlar ham erkaklar bo'lgan. Va ularning hammasi, aniq aytganda hammasi, zamonaviy feministlar eng yomon toifadagi zaharli erkaklar misoginiyasi va bema'ni gaplar deb biladigan ko'plab qarashlarni ilgari surgan. Bu erkaklarning barchasi ayollarni bo'ysundirish uchun foydalanilgan patriarxal tizimning bir qismi edimi?

PT also undermines the scholarly tradition. The vast majority of ulama in our tradition were men, and the most influential and prolific of them were men. And all of them, literally all of them, espoused a plethora of views that modern feminists consider toxic masculine misogynist drivel of the worst kind. Were all these men part of the patriarchal system used to oppress women?

Nega Islom ilohiyoti PT ni ostin-ustun buzadi? Agar patriarxat shunchalik ildiz otgan, insoniyatga zarar yetkazuvchi va katta azob-uqubat keltirayotgan halokatli kuch bo'lsa, nega Qur'on bu masalaga to'xtalmaydi? Nega Payg'ambar ﷺ ham bu masalaga e'tibor qaratmadilar? Agar Qur'on va Sunnat bu tizimli zulmni fosh qilmasa, ularni to'liq hidoyat deb hisoblash mumkinmi? Feministlar patriarxatni butun insoniyat tarixidagi eng katta yovuzlik kuchlaridan biri deb hisoblaydi, lekin arab tilida unga hatto alohida so'z ham yo'q. Insoniyatni bu dahshatli zulm haqida ogohlantiruvchi bironta oyat yoki hadis ham bag'ishlanmagan. Nega?

PT undermines Islamic theology itself. If the patriarchy is this entrenched, destructive force plaguing humanity and inflicting so much pain and suffering, why doesn’t the Quran address it? Why didn’t the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم address it? Can the Quran and Sunnah be considered complete guidance when they do not call out this systematic oppression? Feminists maintain that patriarchy is among the greatest forces of evil in all human history, yet there is not even a word for it in Arabic. Not a single verse or hadith dedicated to sounding the alarm bells, warning humanity of this terrible oppression. Why?

Bu feministlar Islomga nisbatan qiladigan mantiqiy xulosalar, shuning uchun musulmon feministlar Islomdan ko'ngli qolish bosqichlarini boshidan kechiradi va ko'pchiligi undan voz kechib ketadi. Ular avvaliga bizning ulamolarimizni, ayollarga nisbatan "yomon" patriarxal qarashlari uchun tanqid ostiga oladi. Keyin payg'ambarlarga hujum qilishga o'tadi (Amina Vadud payg'ambar Ibrohimni haqorat qilganini eslaysizmi?). Keyin esa Qur'onni tanqid qilishga o'tadi. Nega Alloh O'zini ishora qilishda erkak olmoshlaridan foydalangan? Nega Alloh birinchi bo'lib erkak bo'lgan Odamni yaratgan? Nega Alloh 4:34-oyatni nozil qilgan? va hokazo.

These are the logical entailments feminists make with respect to Islam and that is why Muslim feminists go through phases of disillusion with Islam and many end up leaving. They start by throwing the scholars of our tradition under the bus for having “evil” patriarchal views of women. Then they graduate to attacking the prophets (remember “Muslim reformist” Amina Wadud insulting Prophet Ibrahim?). Then they graduate to criticizing the Quran. Why did Allah use masculine pronouns to refer to Himself? Why did Allah create Adam, a man, first? Why did Allah reveal verse 4:34? etc.

Bu Patriarxal Tezisdan kelib chiqadigan ichki ilohiy ziddiyatdir. Bu esa ko'plab musulmon feministlarni tobora g'ayriislomiy qarashlarga va hatto dinidan voz kechishga olib keladi. Shuning uchun feminizm va Islom o'rtasida moslik bor deb da'vo qilayotganlar yuqoridagi 1-2-3 dalilga duch kelishlari kerak. Ularning tanlov imkoniyatlari cheklangan. Buni sodda qilib, quyidagicha bayon qilaman:

This is the inherent theological tension created by the Patriarchal Thesis. And it leads many Muslim feminists to adopt increasingly deviant views and even apostatize. So those who want to claim that Feminism and Islam are compatible, confront the 1-2-3 argument above. You have limited options. I’ll make it easy and lay it out:

1. Siz feminist bo'lib turib, PT ni, ya'ni abadiy mavjud bo'lgan va azaldan ayollarni bo'ysundirib kelgan patriarxat g'oyasini qabul qilmaslik mumkinligini ham ta'kidlashingiz mumkin.

1. You can either argue that one can be a feminist and not accept PT, i.e., the idea of ever-present patriarchy subjugating women since time immemorial.

2. Yoki PT islomni zaiflashtirmaydi, deb ham bahslashish mumkin.

2. Or you can argue that PT does not undermine Islam.

Qaysi biri?

Which one is it?.

Ular "reform" va "progressiv" yo'nalishdagilar, shuningdek "Qur'onchilar" va boshqalar, erkaklar hukmron bo'lgan ilmiy an'anadan voz kechishni ma'qul ko'rib, Variant 2 ni tanlaydilar. Ammo to'g'ri aqidaga ega oddiy musulmonlar biladiki, erkaklar hukmron bo'lgan ilmiy an'anasiz Qur'on bizgacha yetib kelmagan bo'lardi, Sunnat ham bizgacha yetib kelmagan bo'lardi, Islom saqlanib qolmagan bo'lardi va hokazo. Agar ulamolarni chetga surib qo'ysak, Islomni ham chetga surgan bo'lamiz. Olimlar payg'ambarlarning merosxo'rlaridir. Olimlar butun dunyo miqyosida tizimli ravishda noxolis bo'lgan va ayollarga nisbatan adolatsizlik qilgan deb da'vo qilmoqchi bo'lgan har bir kishi ulamolarning axloqini shubha ostiga qo'yadi va shu bilan Islomning o'zini zaiflashtiradi.

Those who are fine with throwing the male-dominated scholarly tradition under the bus (the “reform,” “progressive” type as well as “Quranists,” et al.) will take Option 2. But normal Muslims with correct aqida recognize that without the male-dominated scholarly tradition, the Quran would not have reached us, the Sunnah would not have reached us, Islam would not have been preserved, etc. If you throw the ulama out, you throw Islam out. The scholars are the inheritors of the prophets. Anyone who wants to claim that the scholars were systematically biased on a global scale and unjust against women is undermining the morality of the ulama and is therefore undermining Islam itself.

Har holda, men bu mantiqiy baholash ekanligini ta'kidlayman. Bu fikrga qarshi chiqqanlar mantiqiy e'tirozlar bilan javob berishlari mumkin. Hissiy murojaatlar, shaxsga qaratilgan hujumlar va ortiqcha himoyachilik ohangi keraksiz.

In any case, I maintain that this is a logical assessment. Those who disagree are free to provide logical rebuttals. Spare me the emotional appeals, ad hominem whining, and white knight histrionics.

Eslatma: Aniqlik kiritib o'taman. Albatta, patriarxat mavjud. Islom patriarxal din hisoblanadi. Islom huquqiga ko'ra nasab otalik chizig'i bo'yicha belgilanadi, ijtimoiy va oilaviy tuzilmalardagi hokimiyat esa patriarx va boshqa erkak shaxslar orqali o'tadi. Ammo feministik ma'nodagi patriarxat boshqacha, chunki u ushbu tuzilmalarga yovuzlik ayblovini qo'yadi. Feministlarning da'vosi shundan iboratki, bu patriarxal institutlar erkaklar tomonidan ayollar manfaatlariga zid, erkaklar foydasi uchun yovuz niyat bilan loyihalashtirilgan. Boshqacha aytganda, yovuz erkaklar to'dasi doimo bechora, aybsiz, sodda ayollarni har qadamda chalg'itishga suiqasd qilib yuradi, jasur feministlar esa bu razil rejani faqat so'nggi bir necha o'n yillikda fosh etib, uni bartaraf etish uchun kurashmoqda. Ha, bu aqldan ozgandek eshitiladi, chunki u shunday.

NB: Let me provide some disambiguation. Of course, the patriarchy does exist. Islam is a patriarchal religion. According to Islamic Law, lineage is patrilineal and social and family structures have authority flowing through the patriarch and other males figures. But patriarchy in the feminist sense is different in that it ascribes maliciousness to these structures. The feminist claim is that these patriarchal institutions are designed by men with the evil intention to frustrate the interests of women for the benefit of men. In other words, an evil cabal of men are perpetually conspiring to sabotage poor, innocent, naive women at every turn and the brave feminists have discovered this dastardly plot only in the past few decades and are fighting the good fight to abolish it. Yeah, it sounds crazy because it is.

Juda muhim bo'lib qoldi, musulmon ziyolilari va imomlar bu Patriarxat tezisini fosh qilishlari kerak, aks holda yana bir avlod musulmonlar uning ta'siri ostiga tushib qoladi. Buning bir qancha yo'llari bor. Birinchidan, shuni e'tirof etish kerakki, ha, ayollarni zulm qiladigan erkaklar bor, shuningdek, ba'zi diniy muassasalarni o'z ichiga olgan kattaroq institutlar ayollarga yomon munosabatda bo'lib, ularning huquqlarini egallab oladi. Buni e'tiborsiz qoldirib bo'lmaydi: oilaviy zo'ravonlik (jismoniy va ruhiy), ayollarga chiqindi kabi munosabatda bo'lish, ayollarning o'z oilasida va kengroq jamoalarida har qanday ta'sir o'tkazishiga to'sqinlik qilish, jinsiy zo'ravonlikka e'tibor bermaslik va hokazo. Bu barcha muammolar dunyoning barcha jamiyatlarida hal etilishi kerak bo'lgan masalalardir. Ammo bu muammolar erkaklar ayollarni bo'ysundirib turish uchun harakat qiladigan katta, qochib bo'lmaydigan tizimdan kelib chiqadimi? Yoki bu muammolar erkak (yoki hatto ayol) bo'lib tug'ilgan ba'zi zo'ravon, xudbin, bilimsiz va yovuz odamlardan kelib chiqadimi?

It has become absolutely critical for Muslim intellectuals and imams to debunk this Patriarchy Thesis before another generation of Muslims falls under the spell. There are many ways to do this. First of all, one should acknowledge that, yes, there are men who abuse women and there are larger institutions, including some religious institutions, that mistreat women and usurp their rights. This cannot be ignored—domestic abuse (physical and emotional), treating women like garbage, preventing women from having any influence on their household and their larger communities, overlooking sexual abuse, etc. These are all problems that need to be addressed in all societies of the world. But do these problems stem from a large, inescapable system of men working to keep women subjugated? Or are these problems that arise due to certain abusive, selfish, ignorant, evil people that happen to be men (or even women)