18.1 Tsige Ko Cire Khalifah
18.1 Deposing Or Removal Of The Khalifah
Ana cire Khalifah nan nan take idan yanayin rayuwarsa na kashin kansa ya canza ta yadda hakan ya wajabta cire shi; ko kuma dole ne a cire Khalifah a wasu yanayi inda doka ba ta yarda ya ci gaba da zama Khalifah ba. Bambancin da ke tsakanin yanayin farko da na biyu shi ne cewa a yanayin farko, wanda ke cire shi daga matsayin Khalifah, ba wajibi ba ne a ci gaba da yi masa mubaya'a da zarar abin ya faru. Amma a yanayi na biyu, inda dole ne a cire shi, biyayya gare shi ta kasance wajibi har sai an kammala cire shi. Akwai abubuwa uku da suke canza yanayinsa a zahiri, kuma za su cire shi daga matsayin Khalifah bisa ga ma'auni na farko da aka ambata a sama:
A Khalifah is deposed immediately if his personal situation has changed in a way that necessitates his removal; alternatively the Khalifah must be deposed in certain situations where he is not allowed legally to continue as a Khalifah. The difference between the two situations is that in the first case which removes him from the position of Khalifah, allegiance to him is not obligatory the moment the incident has occurred. But in the second case in which he necessarily has to be deposed, obedience to him remains obligatory until his deposition is completed. There are three matters which effectively change his situation and would remove him from the position of Khalifah according to the first criteria above:
Na farko: Idan ya bar Musulunci kuma ya dage a kan ridda.
Firstly: If he left Islam and insisted on apostasy.
Na biyu: Idan ya zama mahaukaci gaba ɗaya, ba tare da ya dawo cikin hankalinsa ba.
Secondly: If he became totally insane and did not regain his sanity.
Na uku: Idan ya fada hannun wani makiyi mai karfi, bai iya tsira daga gare su ba, kuma ceto shi daga bautar su ba zai yiwu ba.
Thirdly: If he became captive in the hands of an overpowering enemy, and he cannot escape from them and his rescue from captivity is impossible.
A wannan lokuta uku, za a cire shi daga matsayin Khalifah nan take, a tsige shi, koda babu wani hukunci da aka sanar na tsige shi. Saboda haka, biyayyarsa ba ta zama wajibi ba, kuma umarninsa ba a aiwatar da shi ga wadanda suka sami shaida na kasancewar daya daga cikin wadannan lamura da aka ambata. Amma dole ne a tabbatar da cewa daya daga cikin wadannan lamura ya faru a gare shi, kuma wannan tabbaci ya kasance a gaban kotun madalim, wacce ke yanke hukuncin cire Khalifah kuma ta yanke hukunci kan tsige shi domin Musulmi su nada wani Khalifah.
In these three cases he is removed as Khalifah and is deposed at once, even if no decision was announced to depose him. So his obedience is not obligatory, and his orders are not executed by those who have evidence of the presence of any one of the above cases. But it must be proved that any of these cases did occur to him, and this proof should be in front of the madhalim court, which decides to remove the Khalifah and judges on his deposition so that the Muslims can appoint another Khalifah.
Abubuwa biyar ne ke canza halin sa ta hanyar da ba ta cire shi nan take daga Khilafah ba, amma ba zai iya ci gaba da zama Khalifa ba.
What changes his situation in a way that does not immediately remove him from the Khilafah, but he cannot remain as a Khalifah, are five matters:
Na farko: An ƙalubalanci adalcinsa, ta hanyar zama fasiƙi a fili.
Firstly: His justice was challenged, by becoming openly fasiq.
Na biyu: Yana canzawa zuwa mace ko kuma ya zama mai sha'awar jinsi biyu.
Secondly: He changes to a female or became bisexual.
Na uku: Yana zama mahaukaci, amma ba gaba ɗaya ba, don haka wani lokaci yana dawowa hayyacinsa, wani lokacin kuma yana komawa hauka. A wannan hali ba za a iya naɗa wani majiyyi ko wakili a madadinsa ba, domin kwangilar Khilafah tana komawa ga shi kansa, kuma ba a yarda wani mutum ya zama wakilinsa a cikin wannan hali ba.
Thirdly: He becomes insane, but not entirely, so he regains his sanity sometimes and madness at other times. In this case no guardian or deputy can be appointed for him, because the contract of the Khilafah falls to him personally, and it is not allowed, in this case, for another person to act as a deputy to him.
Na huɗu: Rashin iya gudanar da ayyukan Khilafah saboda kowane dalili, ko dai saboda rasa wani sashe na jikinsa, ko kuma wata cuta marar magani da ta hana shi aiwatar da ayyukan. Abin da yake da muhimmanci shi ne cewa saboda rashin ikonsa na aiwatar da ayyukan Khalifah, ana sakaci da al'amuran addini da maslahar Musulmai. Wannan munkari ne wanda dole ne a kawar da shi, kuma ba za a iya kawar da shi ba sai da tsige Khalifan domin a sauƙaƙa kafa wani Khalifah banda shi. Don haka tsige shi a wannan hali ya zama wajibi.
Fourthly: Incompetence to accomplish the duties of the Khilafah for any reason, whether due to loss of a part of his body, or an incurable disease that prevents him from performing the deeds. The crucial point is that due to his incompetence to perform the deeds as a Khalifah, the affairs of the deen and the interests of the Muslims are neglected. This is a munkar that must be removed, and it cannot be removed except by disposing the Khalifah in order to facilitate establishing a Khalifah other than him. So deposing him in this case becomes a wajib.
Na biyar: Mamaye shi wanda ke sa shi rasa ikon tafiyar da al'amuran Musulmi bisa ra'ayinsa bisa ka'idojin Shari'ah. Idan wata karfi mai mamayewa ta danne shi har ya zama bai iya tafiyar da al'amuran Musulmi bisa ra'ayinsa bisa ka'idojin Shari'ah ba, to ya zama bai cancanta a shari'a ba ya aiwatar da ayyukan Khilafah, don haka dole ne a tsige shi. Wannan al'amari za a iya tunanin sa ta hanyoyi biyu.
Fifthly: Overpowering that renders him incompetent to run the affairs of Muslims by his opinion according to Shari’ah. If an overpowering force subjected him to the extent that he became unable to run the affairs of the Muslims by his own opinion according to the rules of Shari’ah, then he becomes legally incompetent to carry out the duties of the Khilafah, so he must be deposed. This matter could be conceived in two cases.
Hali na farko: Wasu ko wani daga cikin ma'aikatan fadarsa sun rinjaye shi ko sun mallake shi, sai su fara gudanar da al'amuran kuma su rinjaye shi. Suna aiki bisa ra'ayinsu, har ya zama ba zai iya yin adawa da su ba, kuma an tilasta masa ya bi ra'ayinsu. A wannan hali, ana dubawa: idan ana tsammanin zai iya kubuta daga tasirinsu cikin gajeren lokaci, to ana ba shi wannan gajeren lokaci don ya kawar da su ya 'yantar da kansa daga gare su. Idan ya yi haka, to kushe ya tafi kuma rashin cancanta ya kau. In ba haka ba, dole ne a tsige shi.
First case: One or more members of his court overpowered or controlled him, so they go forth to execute the affairs and overpower him. They proceed by their opinion, such that he becomes unable to disagree with them and is compelled to proceed according to their opinion. In this case, it is examined; if he is likely to save himself of their influence within a short period of time then he is given this short period to remove them and rid himself of them. If he did that, then the objection disappears and the incompetence is removed. Otherwise he must be deposed.
Hali na biyu: Ya shiga wani yanayi mai kama da zaman bauta. Wannan shi ne idan ya fada karkashin ikon makiyi da kuma tasirinsa, wanda ke jagorantar shi yadda yake so kuma ya hana shi 'yancin ra'ayinsa wajen tafiyar da al'amuran Musulmi. A wannan hali, ana bincike; idan yana yiwuwa ya 'yantar da kansa daga ikonsu cikin gajeren lokaci, to ana ba shi wannan gajeren lokaci. Idan yana yiwuwa a 'yantar da shi, a kuma ceto shi daga ikon makiyin, to kin amincewa da shi ya kau kuma rashin cancantar ya gushe. In ba haka ba, dole ne a tsige shi.
Second case: He falls into a situation similar to captivity. This is when he falls under the control of an enemy and under his influence, who directs him as he likes and deprives him of his will in running the affairs of Muslims. In this case, it is examined; if it is possible for him to free himself from their control within a short period of time, then he is given this short period. If it is possible to free him, and to salvage him from the enemy’s control, then the objection disappears and the incompetence is removed. Otherwise he must be deposed.
A cikin waɗannan shari'o'i guda biyar, dole ne a cire Khalifah daga mukaminsa da zarar ɗaya daga cikinsu ya faru. Sai dai faruwarsa na buƙatar hujjar da ta tabbata, kuma irin wannan hujja dole ne ta gabaci kotun madhalim. Kotun tana yanke hukuncin soke kwangilar Khilafah kuma tana cire Khalifah, don haka a cire shi, Musulmi kuma su yi wa wani mutum kwangilar Khilafah cikin kwana uku.
In these five cases, the Khalifah must be deposed once any one of these occurs. However their occurrence needs a proof that has occurred and such proof should be before the court of madhalim. It judges the cancellation of the Khilafah contract and deposes the Khalifah, so he is deposed and Muslims contract the Khilafah for another person within three days.