2.6 Al-qadā’ - Halin Musulunci | Quran Course

2.6 Al-qadā’ - Halin Musulunci | Quran Course

Al-Hatm wa ma'nāhu masdar: Ya hatama al-amr, ma'anarsa ya sa abin ya zama dole ya faru, idan ya wajabta shi, kuma idan ya yanke hukunci da shi, wato wucewarsu (Wuta) ta zama wajibi a kansu; ya wajabta irin haka a kan kansa, kuma ya yi hukunci da shi. Saboda haka, kalmar qadā’ ta zama kalma mai ma'anoni da dama, ciki har da: ya yi abu da daidaito; ya aiwatar da al'amari ya sa abu ya faru; ya ba da umarni da umarni kuma ya kammala al'amari; ya sa wanzuwar al'amari ya zama dole kuma ya daidaita al'amari; ya gama al'amari kuma ya yi hukunci a kansa; kuma ya ba da al'amari tabbatacce. Duk da yawan ma'anonin, babu ɗayansu da ke nufin cewa al-qadā’ hukuncin Allah ne a kan al-kulliyāt (al'amura gabaɗaya) kawai, kamar yadda al-qadar bai zo da ma'anar cewa hukuncin Allah ne a kan al-juz'iyāt (cikakkun bayanai ba). Saboda haka, kalmar qadā’ tana da ma'anonin harshe waɗanda Alƙur'ani ya yi amfani da su, kuma babu saɓani a nan game da ma'anonin da suka zo. Waɗannan ma'anoni na harshe ne; hankali ba shi da hannu a cikinsu. Idan al-qadā’ yana da ma'anar shar'i, to wannan ma'ana dole ta zo a cikin hadisi ko ayar Alƙur'ani don a ce wannan ma'ana ta shar'i ce, amma ba a zo da wasu ma'anoni fiye da waɗannan ba. Saboda haka, abin da ake nufi da 'al-qadā’' da ya zo a cikin ayoyi ba shi ne maudu'in al-qadā’ wa'l-qadar da Mutakallimūn suka yi saɓani a kansa ba. Waɗannan ayoyi ba su da alaƙa da binciken al-qadā’ wa'l-qadar, kamar yadda ayoyi da hadisai waɗanda ke ɗauke da ma'anar al-qadar ba su da alaƙa da nazarin al-qadā’ wa'l-qadar. Waɗannan ayoyi da hadisai suna magana ne a kan siffofin Allah da ayyukan Allah, amma al-qadā’ wa'l-qadar yana binciken aikin bawa. Binciken waɗannan ayoyi na shar'i ne kuma ma'anonin su na harshe ne, amma binciken al-qadā’ wa'l-qadar a wajen Mutakallimūn ya kasance na hankali. Waɗannan ayoyi da hadisai ana bayyana su ne bisa ma'anarsu ta harshe ko ta shari'a, amma binciken al-qadā' wa'l-qadar kuwa ma'ana ce ta istilahi da Mutakallimūn suka ba shi.

Al-Hatm is a verbal noun. He  made it an inevitable matter when He  obligated it and when He  decreed by it, that is, their passing over it (the Fire) is obligated upon; He  obliged such upon himself and judged by it. Therefore the word qadā’ is a homonym having many meanings, including: he made the thing with precision; he executed the matter and made the thing; he ordered with an order and he completed the matter; he made the existence of a matter inevitable and he settled the matter; he finished the matter and he ruled upon it; and he gave a definite matter. Despite the multiplicity of meanings none of them meant that al-qadā’ is the judgement of Allah  on the kulliyāt (general matters) only, just as it did not come that al-qadar is Allah's  judgement on the juz'iyāt (specific details). Therefore, the word qadā’ has linguistic meanings which the Qur’ān used and there is no disagreement here about the meanings that have come. These meanings are linguistic; the mind has nothing to do with them. If ‘al-qadā’ has a shar’i meaning then this meaning must have come in a hadīth or ayāh for it to be said that this meaning is a shar’i meaning, yet no other meanings than these have come. Therefore the purport of ‘al-qadā’’ that has come in the ayāt is not the subject of al-qadā’ wa‘l-qadar over which the Mutakallimūn differed. These verses have nothing to do with the inquiry of al-qadā’ wa‘l-qadar just as the ayāt and ahadīth which contain the meaning of al-qadar have nothing to do with the study of al-qadā’ wa‘l-qadar. These ayāt and ahadīth speak of the attributes of Allah  and the actions of Allah  but al-qadā’ wa‘l-qadar inquires into the action of the servant. The inquriy of these ayāt is shar’i and their meanings are linguistic but the inquiry of al-qadā’ wa ‘l-qadar with the mutakallimūn was rational. These ayāt and ahadīth are explained by their linguistic or shar’i meaning, whilst the inquiry of al-qadā’ wa‘l-qadar is a technical [istilāhī] meaning given by the Mutakallimūn.