Ya zama wajibi a sami tutoci da alamomi. Bambanci tsakanin tuta (liwa) da alama (rayah) shi ne: liwa shi ne abin da ake ɗaure a ƙarshen sanda, a naɗe shi a kewayensa, kuma ana kiransa "al-'alam" (tuta mai girma). An ce ana kiransa "liwa" ne saboda ana naɗe shi saboda girmansa, don haka ba a miƙa shi sai idan ya zama dole. Tuta ce mai girma kuma alama ce ga Amir na sojoji, don haka ana aiwatar da ita duk inda yake. Amma rayah, alama ce da ake ba sojoji, kuma ana kiranta da misali "uwar yaƙi", jam'in ta shi ne "rayat". Ana ɗaure rayah a kan sanda ko a kan turke, a bar ta har iska ta juya ta.

It is necessary to have the flags and banners. The difference between the flag and banner is that the flag (liwa) is what is tied at the edge of a spear and bent around it, and it is called “al-‘alam” (the standard). It is said it is called “liwa” because it is bent due to its largeness so it is not spread except when necessary. It is a large standard and a sign for the Amir of the army, so it is enacted wherever he is. As for the banner (rayah), it is a sign given to the army and is metaphorically called the “mother of war” and its plural is “rayat”. The banner is tied on a spear or a mast and is left until the wind swirls it.

Rundunar musulunci a zamanin Manzon Allah ﷺ tana da tutoci da tutoci masu alamomi. Al-Bukhari ya ruwaito daga Anas cewa Annabi ﷺ ya sanar da mutuwar Zaid (ra), Ja'far (ra) da ibn Rawaha (ra) ga mutane kafin labarinsu ya isa ga mutane, sannan ya ce:

The Islamic army in the times of the Messenger (saw) had its banners and flags. Al-Bukhari narrated from Anas that the Prophet (saw) announced the death of Zayd (ra) , Ja’far (ra) and ibn Rawaha (ra) to the people before their news reached the people and said:

An rawaito cewa Annabi ﷺ ya ƙarfafa mutane su yi yaƙi da Rum a ƙarshen watan Safar, sannan ya kira Usama. Sai ya ce masa:

It is narrated that the Prophet (saw) encouraged the people to fight Rome at the end of Safar, and he called Usamah. Then he said to him:

Rashin lafiyar Manzon Allah ﷺ ya fara ne a rana ta uku, sai ya daura tuta wa Usamah da hannunsa. Usamah ya karbi tutar ya ba Buraydah, sai ya sauka a Al-Jurf. An ruwaito daga Al-Harith bin Hasan Al-Bakri wanda ya ce:

The illness of the Messenger of Allah (saw) began on the third day and he tied a flag for Usamah by his own hands. Usamah took it and gave it to Buraydah, and he encamped at Al-Jurf. It has been narrated from Al-Harith bin Hasan Al-Bakri who said:

Ya zo a cikin littattafan Sahihai biyu (littattafan hadisai).

It came in the two Sahih (books of ahadith)

An Anas ya ruwaito a cikin An-Nisai

It has been narrated from Anas in An-Nisai

A bayyana a fili daga hadisan da aka ambata a sama cewa rundunar a zamanin Manzon Allah ﷺ tana da tutoci da kuma sanduna masu tuta. Bincike mai zurfi a cikin nassosin ya nuna cewa tuta karama ce fiye da liwa, kuma liwa ta fi tuta girma. Ana ɗaura liwa domin shugaban rundunar, sannan ana ba da tuta ga rundunar. Liwa tana kasancewa a sansanin rundunar a matsayin alama ga shugaban rundunar, tutoci kuwa suna hannun shugabannin sassan yaƙi da na balaguro, da kuma hannun sassa daban-daban na rundunar. Rundunar tana da tutoci da yawa, amma tana da liwa guda ɗaya kacal. Wannan ita ce dangantakar ɗayansu da ɗayan.

It is clear from the aforementioned ahadith that the army in the time of the Prophet (saw) had its banners and flags. Close scrutiny of the texts clarifies that the banner is smaller than the flag and the flag is bigger than the banner. The flag is tied for the leader of the army and the banner is given to the army. The flag is located at the camp of the army as a sign for the army leader, and the banners are with the leaders of regiments and expeditions, and with different army units. The army has many banners for it whereas it has only one flag. This is the relationship of one with the other.

Dangane da launi, an tabbatar cewa tutar Manzon Allah ﷺ baƙa ce, kuma tutarsa ta yaƙi fari ce. An rawaito daga Ibn Abbas (RA), wanda ya ce:

As for the colour, it has been established that the Messenger (saw)’s banner was black and his flag was white. It has been narrated from ibn Abbas (ra) who said:

An rawaito daga Jabir:

It has been narrated from Jabir:

A cikin wannan hadisi da aka ambata na Al-Harith bin Hasan an ruwaito cewa

In the aforementioned hadith of Al-Harith bin Hasan it has been narrated

Waɗannan hadisai sun nuna cewa tuta (rayah) baƙa ce, yayin da tutar (liwa') kuma fara ce.

These ahadith indicate that the banner has a black colour whereas the flag is white.

Dangane da siffarsa, abin da ya zo shi ne cewa tutar tana da kusurwoyi huɗu kuma an yi ta da ulu. An ruwaito daga Al-Bara bin Azib cewa an tambaye shi yaya tutar Manzon Allah ﷺ take? Sai ya ce:

As for its shape, what came is that the banner has four corners and it is made of wool. It has been narrated from Al-Bara bin Azib who was asked how was the Messenger (saw)’s banner? He said:

Ma'anar "namirah" wato "hibarah" wato "baradah" daga ulu. An rubuta a kanta "La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul-Allah." Ibn Abbas (ra) ya ruwaito a cikin Abu Shaykh kalmomin:

The meaning of “namirah” i.e. a “hibarah” i.e. “baradah” from wool. It is written upon it “La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul-Allah.” Ibn Abbas (ra) narrated in Abu Shaykh the words:

Abin da aka faɗa game da tuta (liwa’i) ana faɗa shi ma game da tutar (raya). Tutar tana da kusurwoyi huɗu (arkan), kuma an yi ta da ulu, kuma an rubuta a kanta “La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul-Allah”, sai dai ita ta fi tuta girma, kuma rubutun baƙaƙen harufa ne, alhali tuta tana da fararen harufa.

What is said of the banner is also said of the flag. The flag has four corners (arkan), and is made of wool and “La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul-Allah” is written upon it, except that it is bigger than the banner and the writing is black letters whereas the banner has white letters.

Bisa ga tsari da aka ambata a cikin nassoshi da kuma daidai da ma'aunai na zahiri, an lura cewa kowace tuta da kowane alama tana da kusurwoyi huɗu bayyanannu (arkan) waɗanda suka miƙe a tsawonta da faɗinta. Ma'aunin faɗinta shi ne kashi biyu bisa uku na tsawonta. Tsawon tuta shi ne santimita 120 faɗinta kuma santimita 80, tsawon alama kuma shi ne santimita 90 faɗinta kuma santimita 60. An halatta a yi amfani da tutoci da alamu masu girma ko ƙanana fiye da wannan. Ana so kowane sashe da kowace runduna su kasance da alamarsu ta musamman a siffa da launi, a ɗaga ta tare da tutar Ƙasa domin ta zama alama ta musamman ga sashen ko rundunar.

According to the form which came in the texts and in conformity to the reality of the standards, it is noted that for each banner and flag are four clear corners (arkan) extended in its length and breadth. The measurement of its breadth is two-thirds its length. The length of the flag is 120 centimetres and its breadth 80 centimetres, and the banner’s length is 90 centimetres and its breadth is 60 centimetres. It is allowed to use flags and banners of greater or lesser measurement. It is preferred that each division and unit has its own banner in shape and colour, raised together with the State’s flag so as to be a specific sign for the division and unit.

Kamar yadda ake amfani da tutoci da alluna ga soja, haka kuma ana amfani da su ga gine-ginen Daular, sassanta, sashe-sashenta da hidimominta. Ana ɗaga tuta a ofishin Khalifah bisa gidan Khalifah, sannan alluna a dukkan hidimomin Daular, sassanta, gwamnatinta da cibiyoyinta. Haka kuma an halatta ga kowane ɗan ƙasa ya ɗaga ta bisa cibiyoyi, hanyoyi da gidaje.

Just as flags and banners are used for the army, they are also used for the State’s structures, departments and utilities. The flag is raised in the office of the Khalifah above the residence of the Khalifah, and the banners in all the utilities of the State, its departments, administration and institutions. It is also permitted for individual citizens to raise it over the institutions, roads and houses.