21.3 Sulhu (hudna) - Halin Musulunci | Quran Course

21.3 Sulhu (hudna) - Halin Musulunci | Quran Course

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21.3 Sulhu (hudna)

21.3 Truce (hudna)

by Sheikh Taqīuddīn An-Nabahānī1 min readViewed 192 times

Sulhun armistice tsakanin Musulmi da kafirai an halatta shi saboda yarjejeniyar hudanah da ya yi (SWT) da Quraishawa a shekarar Hudaibiyya. Sai dai halascin yarjejeniyar hudanah an takaita shi ga kasancewar wata moriya wadda jihadi ko yada da'awa ke bukatarta. Wannan saboda ya zo wa Manzon Allah ﷺ kafin tafiyarsa zuwa Hudaibiyya cewa an yi yarjejeniya tsakanin mutanen Khaibar da na Makka a kan kai wa Musulmi hari. Ya yi gaggawar komawa kai tsaye daga Hudaibiyya don kai wa Khaibar yaki, haka kuma ya yi gaggawar aika manzanni zuwa ga sarakuna da shugabanni yana kiran su zuwa Musulunci, wanda ke nuna cewa yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyya tana da moriya da ta shafi jihadi da yada da'awa. Bayan ya shiga yarjejeniya da Quraishawa, ya sami damar tanadi kansa domin yakar Khaibar da yin da'awa ga sarakuna da shugabanni. Yarjejeniya ba ta halatta ba idan babu wannan moriya, domin yarjejeniya tana nufin barin yakin da ake wajabta, wanda ba a halatta shi ba sai a yanayin da ya zama hanya zuwa yaki, domin a wannan lokaci ya zama yaki a misali. Allah (SWT) ya ce:

The armistice treaty between Muslims and disbelievers is permitted due to his (saw) truce with Quraysh in the year of Hudaybiyya. However the permissibility of a truce is restricted to the existence of benefit for which the jihad or spreading of the da’wah requires it. This is because it reached the Messenger of Allah (saw) before his travelling to Hudaybiyya that an agreement had been made between the people of Khayber and Makkah upon invading the Muslims. He hastened directly upon his return from Hudaybiyya to invade Khayber and similarly hastened to send messengers to the kings and leaders inviting them to Islam which indicates that the truce of Hudaybiyya was for a benefit related to jihad and spreading the da’wah. After coming into a truce with Quraysh he was able to free himself for fighting Khayber and for performing the da’wah to the kings and leaders. The truce is not allowed in the absence of this benefit since a truce is leaving the obligated fighting which is not allowed except in the situation it occurs as a means to fighting as at this point it becomes fighting metaphorically. Allah (swt) said:

Idan amfanin da ke cikin yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ya tabbata, to dole ne a auna shi ga wani lokaci da aka ayyana kuma aka sani. Ba a halatta wata tsagaita wuta ba tare da auna lokaci ba, domin yarjejeniya ce ta lokaci kayyadadde. Don haka barin ta ba tare da iyaka ba, ba tare da ambaton lokaci ba, yana ɓata ta, saboda hakan yana buƙatar dawwama, wanda yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ta hana, domin jihadi ya ci gaba da kasancewa, domin dawwamarta tana hana jihadi wanda wajibi ne. Auna takamaiman lokaci a cikin tsagaita wutar sharadi ne na ingancinta, don haka idan ba a auna takamaiman lokaci a cikinta ba, hakan yana ɓata yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta, tun da yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyya tana da takamaiman lokacin da aka auna mata. Idan an kulla yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta kuma tana da inganci, to wajibi ne a kanmu mu kiyaye ta, mu bi yarjejeniyar tsagaita wutar har zuwa ƙarshen lokacinta, ko har sai sun keta ta, ta hanyar ɓata ta, ko dai ta hanyar faɗin hakan a fili, ko yaƙar mu, ko kashe wani Musulmi ko zimmi a ƙasarmu, ko kuma aikata wani abu da ya saɓa wa sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar, sauran kuma ba su ƙi hakan daga gare shi ba da magana ko aiki. Idan hakan ya faru, to tsagaita wutar ta ɓaci a dukkan waɗannan hanyoyi. Haka nan idan Jiha ta ji tsoron cin amanarsu ta wani abu da ke ɓata bayyanar tsagaita wutar tasu, kamar lokacin da alamar hakan ta bayyana, to wannan zai zama ɓata yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta. Idan irin wannan ya faru, to an halatta kai musu hari ba zato ba tsammani a kowane lokaci, da dare ko da rana, domin karya yarjejeniyar tasu ta halatta wa Musulmi yaƙarsu da kuma ɓata yarjejeniyar tsagaita wutar da su. Wannan kuwa saboda lokacin da Manzon Allah ﷺ ya kulla tsagaita wuta da Quraishawa, suka karya yarjejeniyarsa, sai duk abin da aka haramta a lokacin yarjejeniyar ya zama halal, sai ya yaƙe su ya ci Makkah. Haka kuma saboda tsagaita wuta yarjejeniya ce ta lokaci kayyadadde wadda take ƙarewa idan lokacinta ya cika ko kuma ta ɓaci. Allah (SWT) ya ce:

If the benefit in an armistice treaty is verified, it must be measured for a specified and known period. No truce is allowed without measuring a period because it is a fixed period contract so leaving it unrestricted without mentioning the period invalidates it due to its necessitating permanency which is prevented in the armistice treaty so that jihad remains constant as its permanency prevents jihad which is obligatory. Measuring a specific period in the truce is a condition of its validity so if no specific period is measured for it, this invalidates the armistice treaty since the Hudaybiyya armistice had a specific period measured for it. If the armistice is contracted and it is valid, it is obliged upon us to abstain from them and observe the armistice treaty until its period concludes or they violate it with their nullifying it either by their saying so clearly, fighting us, killing a Muslim or a dhimmi in our land or something is done contradicting the armistice’s conditions and the rest do not reject this from him by word(s) or action(s). If this occurs, the truce is nullified in all of these. Similarly if the State fears their treachery by something which invalidates their show of the truce such as when a sign of this appears; this would be nullification of the truce. If something like this occurs, a surprise attack against them is allowed any time, night or day, since their breaking the truce allows the Muslims to fight them and to nullify the truce with them. This is because when the Messenger (saw) came to a truce with Quraysh and they broke his truce, all what was forbidden in the truce period became permitted so he fought them and conquered Makkah. Also because the truce is a fixed period contract which ends with its period finishing or its nullification. Allah (swt) said: