1.1 他的名字与昵称
1.1 His name and affectionate nickname
伊本·凯西尔说,所有人都承认他的名字是阿卜杜拉·本·欧斯曼,唯独伊本·萨德在伊本·西林的传述中称他的名字为阿提格,而真相是这只是他的昵称,带有亲昵之意。关于他得此名的时间和原因,学者们也有分歧:有人说,是因为他面容的光彩,即其俊美;艾布·努埃姆·法德勒·本·杜卡因则说,是因为他在美德上的优先地位;也有人说,是因为他血统的高贵,即其纯正,因为他的世系中没有任何可以被视为污点的东西;还有人说,他先被称为阿提格,之后才被称为阿卜杜拉。
Ibn Kathir said that all admit that his name was Abdullah ibn 'Uthman, except for the narration of Ibn Sacd on the authority of Ibn Sirin which asserts his name to have been cAteeq whereas the truth is that that was his affectionate nickname. Then there is some disagreement as to the time of his being so named, and the reason for it; for some say that it was on account of the citaqah of his countenance, that is, its beauty - but Abu Nucaym al-Fadl ibn Dukayn said that it was on account of his priority in merit - and also it is said on account of the nobility of his pedigree, that is its purity, as there is nothing in his lineage that can be accounted a stain; and it is said too he was first so named and afterwards called ‘Abdullah.
At-Tabarani 记载,al-Qasim ibn Muhammad 曾问 ‘A’ishah(愿真主喜悦她)关于 Abu Bakr 的名字,她回答说:‘Abdullah。’然后他说:‘人们称他为 ‘Ateeq。’她回答说:‘Abu Quhafah 有三个儿子,他给他们取名为 ‘Ateeq、Mu‘taq 和 Mu‘aytaq。’Ibn Mandah 和 Ibn ‘Asakir 记载,Musa ibn Talhah 说:
At-Tabarani narrated that al-Qasim ibn Muhammad questioned ‘ A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, as to the name of Abu Bakr, and she replied, <cAbdullah.’ Then he said, ‘The people call him cAteeq.’ She answered, ‘Abu Quhafah had three sons whom he named cAteeq, Muctaq and Mucaytaq.’ Ibn Mandah and Ibn cAsakir narrated that Musa ibn Talhah said:
我问我的父亲塔勒哈:“艾布·伯克尔为什么被称为阿提格?”他说:“他的母亲没有存活的儿子,她生下他时,带着他面向天房(克尔白),高呼:‘主啊,如果这个孩子能免于死亡,就把他赐给我。’”塔巴拉尼记载,伊本·阿拔斯说:他之所以被称为阿提格,只是因为他面容俊美。
1 said to my father Talhah, ‘Why was Abu Bakr called cAteeq?’ He said, ‘His mother had no son surviving and when she gave birth to him, she faced towards the House (the Kacbah) with him and exclaimed, “O Allah if this one is cAteeq (free) from death then give him to me.’” At-Tabarani narrated that Ibn cAbbas said: He was only called ' Ateeq because of the beauty of his face.
伊本·阿萨基尔记载,尔舍(愿真主喜悦她)说:“艾布·伯克尔的名字,他的家人称呼他的是阿卜杜拉,但‘阿提格’这个称呼成为了通用的叫法。”在另一个版本中:“但先知ﷺ称他为阿提格。” 艾布·叶阿拉、伊本·赛尔德,以及宣布其为沙希赫圣训的哈基姆,记载尔舍(愿真主喜悦她)说:“以真主发誓,有一天我在我的房中,真主的使者ﷺ和他的同伴们在庭院里,我与他们之间隔着一道帘子。艾布·伯克尔走来,先知ﷺ说:‘谁喜欢看一个已从火狱中被解脱的人,就让他看艾布·伯克尔吧。’他家人所知的名字是阿卜杜拉,但‘阿提格’成为了通用的叫法。” 提尔米兹和哈基姆记载尔舍(愿真主喜悦她)说:“艾布·伯克尔进见真主的使者ﷺ,使者ﷺ说:‘艾布·伯克尔,你是真主使其脱离火狱的人。’从那天起,他就以阿提格之名为人所知。” 拜扎尔和泰伯拉尼以一条极佳的传述链记载,阿卜杜拉·伊本·祖拜尔说:“艾布·伯克尔的名字是阿卜杜拉,后来真主的使者ﷺ对他说:‘你是真主从火狱中释放的人。’于是他便以阿提格之名为人所知。” 至于“綷迪格”这一称号,关于它有这样的说法:正如伊本·穆斯迪所提到的,他在蒙昧时期因其以诚实著称而被赐予这一亲切的绰号。也有人说,这是因为他急于确认真主的使者ﷺ所告知之事,毫不迟疑地信从。伊本·易沙格记载,哈桑·巴士里和盖塔德说:他第一次因此而为人所知,是在夜行登霄之夜的次日清晨。
Ibn cAsakir narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, ‘Abu Bakr’s name which his family called him by was 'Abdullah, but the name cAteeq became the dominant usage.’ In a version, ‘But the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called him cAteeq.’ Abu Yacla, Ibn Sacd and al-Hakim, who declared it sahih, narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, ‘By Allah, I was in my house one day and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his companions were in the courtyard, a curtain between me and them. Abu Bakr came up and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Whoever is pleased to look upon one who is free from the Fire then let him look upon Abu Bakr.” The name which his family knew him by was cAbdullah but cAteeq became the dominant usage.’ At-Tirmidhi and al-Hakim narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, ‘Abu Bakr entered upon the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, “Abu Bakr, you are the one Allah has freed from the Fire.” From that day he was known as cAteeq.” Al-Bazzar and at-Tabarani narrated with an excellent isnad that cAbdullah ibn az-Zubayr said, ‘Abu Bakr’s name was cAbdullah, then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, “You are Allah’s freed one from the Fire.” So he was known as cAteeq.’ As for the name as-Siddiq, it is said about it, ‘He was given the affectionate nickname in the Jahiliyyah, because of the truthfulness for which he was known’ as Ibn Musdi mentioned. It has been said also, ‘Because of his haste in affirming the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in that of which he informed.’ Ibn Ishaq narrated that al-Hasan al-Basri and Qatadah said: The first time that he became known for it was the morning after the Night of the Isra’.
阿卜杜拉·哈基姆在《穆斯塔德拉克》中记载,阿伊莎(愿安拉喜悦她)说:多神教徒来到艾布·伯克尔那里,说:“你觉得你的同伴怎么样?他声称昨夜被带到了伯特·麦格迪斯(耶路撒冷)。”他说:“他真的这么说了吗?”他们说:“是的。”他说:“他一定说的是实话。我相信他,并且确认他所说的。在比这更遥远的事情上,我都相信他:天上早晚的消息。”因此他被称为“ซิ迪格”(诚实者)。此段圣训的传述链非常可靠。类似的记载也见于艾奈斯和艾布·胡莱赖的圣训,伊本·阿撒基尔为此提供了传述链;还有乌姆·哈尼的圣训,由泰伯拉尼所记载。
Al-Hakim narrated in the Mustadrak that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: The idolaters came to Abu Bakr and said, ‘What do you think of your Companion? He claims that he was taken this night to Bait al-Maqdis (Jerusalem).’ He replied, ‘Did he say that?’ They said, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘He has definitely told the truth. I believe and affirm him in matters more remote than that: the news from heaven in the early part of the morning and in the evening.’ For that reason he was called as-Siddiq. Its isnad is excellent, and that has also been narrated from hadith of Anas and Abu Hurayrah, for which Ibn cAsakir gave isnads, and Umm Hani', which was narrated by at-Tabarani.
赛义德·本·曼苏尔在他的《圣训集》中传述:艾布·马沙尔传述,艾布·胡莱赖的被释奴隶瓦哈卜说:安拉的使者ﷺ在被使令夜行(至耶路撒冷)后返回,到达祖·图瓦时,说:“吉卜勒伊勒啊,我的民众不会相信我。”(吉卜勒伊勒)说:“艾布·伯克尔会相信你,他是绝对诚实者(as-Siddiq)。” 哈基姆在《穆斯塔德拉克》中传述,奈宰勒·本·萨布拉说:我们对阿里说:“信士们的长官啊,请给我们讲讲艾布·伯克尔。”他说:“那个人,安拉在吉卜勒伊勒的语言上以及穆罕默德ﷺ的语言上为他取名为绝对诚实者(as-Siddiq)。他是安拉的使者ﷺ在拜功上的继任者;他为我们的宗教而被(安拉)喜悦,所以我们为他的世俗事务而喜悦。”其传述系统极为优良。
Sacid ibn Mansur narrated in his Sunan: Abu Macshar narrated that Wahb the freed slave of Abu Hurayrah said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned on the night in which he was made to travel (to Jerusalem), and he was at Dhu Tuwa, he said, ‘Jibril, my people will not believe me.’ He ( ) ibril) said, ‘Abu Bakr will believe you, and he is as-Siddiq.’ Al-Hakim narrated in the Mustadrak that an-Nazzal ibn Sabrah said: We said to cAli: ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, tell us about Abu Bakr.’ He said, ‘That man, Allah named him as-Siddiq on the tongue of Jibril and on the tongue of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He was the deputy of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for thp prayer; he was contented with him for our deen and so we were pleased with him for our worldly affairs.’ Its isnad is excellent.
艾德-达拉库特尼和哈基姆叙述,艾布·叶哈雅说:我数不清我曾多少次听到阿里在讲坛上说:“真主通过祂先知的舌头为艾布·伯克尔命名为‘صِدِّيق’(诚信者)。” 塔巴拉尼以一条极佳的沙希德传述链叙述,哈基姆·本·赛德说:我听到阿里起誓说:“真主确实从天上降下了艾布·伯克尔·as-Siddiq(诚信者)的名号。” 在乌侯德战役的圣训中,先知ﷺ说:“安静下来吧,你们身上只有一位先知、一位诚信者和两位殉道者。” 伊本·阿萨基尔引述祖赫里的话说:“艾布·伯克尔的母亲是他父亲的伯父的女儿(即他父亲的堂妹),她的名字是萨勒玛·宾特·萨赫尔·本·阿米尔·本·卡阿布。她被起了外号(kunyah)乌姆·海尔(意为‘善良之母’)。”
Ad-Daraqutni and al-Hakim narrated that Abu Yahya said: I cannot count the number of times that I heard cAli say upon the minbar, ‘Truly Allah named Abu Bakr through the tongue of His Prophet, a siddiq.’ At-Tabarani narrated with an excellent sahih isnad that Hakim ibn Sacd said: I heard cAli say, and he swore upon it, ‘Allah definitely revealed from heaven the name of Abu Bakr, as-Siddiq.’ In the hadith of Uhud, ‘Be still, for there are only upon you a Prophet, a siddiq and two martyrs.’ ‘Abu Bakr’s mother was the daughter of his father’s paternal uncle (she was his father’s cousin). Her name was Salma bint Sakhr ibn ‘Amir ibn Kacb. She was given the kunyah (surname) Umm al-Khayr (Mother of good),’ said az-Zuhri as narrated by Ibn cAsakir.