在他任内发生的那些重大事件，包括派遣乌萨玛的军队；与背弃伊斯兰教的人以及拒绝缴纳天课的人作战；与说谎者穆赛莱马作战；以及搜集《古兰经》。

Those weighty matters which happened in his days were the despatch of Usamah’s army; fighting against the people who reneged (on Islam) and against those who refused the zakat-, Musaylimah the I ,iar; and the collection of the Qur’an.

据阿布·伊斯马尔·阿-伊斯玛仪里（Al-Ismacili）传述，欧麦尔（愿真主喜悦他）说：当安拉的使者ﷺ去世后，阿拉伯人中叛教的人都叛教了，他们说：“我们会礼拜，但不会缴纳天课！”我去见艾布·伯克尔，说：“安拉使者的哈里发啊，请你对人们宽容，对他们温和柔善，因为他们就像野兽一样。”他说：“我本希望得到你的帮助，而你却来到我这里，却又缩手不助。”

Al-Ismacili narrated that cUmar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died there reneged whoever reneged of the Arabs and they said, ‘We will pray but we will not produce the zakat! I went to Abu Bakr and said, ‘Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah, be conciliatory with the people and be gentle and mild with them, for they are only on the level of wild animals.’ He said, ‘I hoped lor your help and you have come to me holding back your help.

在蒙昧时代是暴虐的，在伊斯兰中却放纵了！你以为我应该用什么去安抚他们？用伪造的诗句和虚假的巫术吗？走开，走开！先知ﷺ已经离世，启示也已中断。以真主发誓，只要我手中还有剑，我就要与他们作战，即便他们拒绝交给我一根拴骆驼的绳子。”欧麦尔说：我发现他在这件事上比我更有洞见，也更坚定，他把人们聚集起来，那些事在许多人看来微不足道，因为它们对他们而言并不便利，而当时我被任命来统领他们。

Tyrannical in Jahiliyyah and granting licence in Islam! With what did you think I should conciliate them? With composed verses and forged magic? Away, away! The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, has gone and revelation is cut off. By Allah, I will fight them as long as the sword remains in my hand, even if they refuse me a hobbling rope (of a camel).’ cUmar said: I found him more penetrating on the matter than me, more resolute, and he collected the people together on matters which appeared little and unimportant to many because of their inconvenience to them when I was appointed in command over them.

Abu’l-Qasim al-Baghawi、Abu Bakr ash-Shafici 在他的《Fawa’id》中，以及 Ibn cAsakir 都有记载：cA’ishah（愿真主喜悦她）说：当安拉的使者ﷺ去世后，伪信主义抬起了头，阿拉伯人叛教，安索尔人（Ansar）隐退了。如果降临在我父亲身上的那件事降临在坚固的山岳上，山岳也会被摧毁。他们在任何一点上都没有分歧，我父亲总是迅速地找到其中的益处和正确的判断。他们说：“先知ﷺ应当葬在哪里？”我们找不到任何了解此事的人。这时，Abu Bakr 说：“我听安拉的使者ﷺ说：‘凡先知死去，都葬在他去世时所躺的床下。’”她说：

Abu’l-Qasim al-Baghawi, Abu Bakr ash-Shafici, in his Fawa’id, and Ibn cAsakir narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died then hypocrisy raised its head, the Arabs reneged and the Ansar secluded themselves. If that which descended on my father had come down on the immovable mountains it would have broken them. They did not disagreeon a point but that my father was prompt with its utility and its judgement. They said, ‘Where should the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, be buried?’ We could not find anyone with knowledge of that. Then Abu Bakr said, ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying, “No Prophet dies but that he is buried beneath the bed upon which he died.’” She said:

他们对他的遗产有分歧，又找不到在这一点上有知识的人。于是艾布·伯克尔说：“我听安拉的使者ﷺ说：‘我们先知这一群体，不被继承。我们所遗留的是施舍（sadaqah）。’” 一些学者说：这是圣门弟子之间发生的第一次分歧，愿安拉喜悦他们。有人说：“我们要把他葬在他出生的城市麦加。”有人说：“不，葬在他的清真寺里。”有人说：“不，葬在Baqī‘墓地。”有人说：“葬在耶路撒冷（Bait al-Maqdis），那是众先知的墓地。”直到艾布·伯克尔把他所掌握的知识告诉了他们。 伊本·仲贾瓦伊赫说：这一圣行是艾绥迪格（as-Siddiq）所独有的，在所有的迁士（Muhajirun）和辅士（Ansar）中，只有他掌握此事，人们都向他请教。

They disagreed about his inheritance and could find no-one with knowledge on that point, then Abu Bakr said, ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying, “We, the company of the Prophets, we are not inherited from. What we leave is sadaqah”’ Some of the men of knowledge said: This was the first disagreement which happened among the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them. Some said, ‘We will bury him in Makkah, his city in which he was born’, and others said, ‘No, in his mosque,’ and others said, ‘No, in al-Baqic’, and others said, ‘In al-Bait al-Maqdis, the burial ground of the Prophets’, until Abu Bakr told them of the knowledge that he had. Ibn Zunjawayh said: This Sunnah was one which was uniquely as-Siddiq’s among all of the Muhajirun and Ansar and they had recourse to him for it.

Al-Bayhaqi和Ibn cAsakir记载，Abu Hurayrah（愿安拉喜悦他）说："以那除安拉外别无应受崇拜者的主起誓，如果Abu Bakr没有被任命为哈里发，安拉就不会被崇拜。"然后他又说了第二遍，接着又说了第三遍。有人对他说："这是怎么回事，Abu Hurayrah？"他说："安拉的使者ﷺ派Usamah ibn Zaid率领七百人前往叙利亚。他们到达Dhu Khushub时，先知ﷺ去世了，Madinah周围的阿拉伯人背叛了伊斯兰。安拉的使者ﷺ的同伴们聚集在他周围说：'把这些人召回来。你们要派他们去对抗拜占庭人，而Madinah周围的阿拉伯人却已经叛教了吗？'他说：'以那除安拉外别无应受崇拜者的主起誓，即使狗拖着先知ﷺ的妻子们的脚，我也不会召回安拉的使者ﷺ所派出的军队，也不会解开他所系的旗帜！'他派出了Usamah。每经过一个想要叛教的部落，他们就会（心里）说：'如果这些人（Madinah的人）没有实力，这样的军队（指Usamah的军队）就不会从他们当中派出，所以我们就暂且不管他们，等他们与拜占庭人交战再说。'他们与拜占庭人相遇，击败了他们，杀了他们，并安全返回，于是这些部落在伊斯兰中坚定了下来。"他又记载，cUrwah说：安拉的使者ﷺ在病中开始说："派遣Usamah的军队。"于是（军队）出发，直到抵达al-Jurf（距离Madinah三英里，在通往叙利亚的路上）。他（Usamah）的妻子Fatimah bint Qais派人给他带话说："不要急着出发，因为安拉的使者ﷺ病情很重。" 他没有继续前进,直到安拉的使者ﷺ去世。他去世后,他回到艾布·伯克尔那里,说:"安拉的使者ﷺ派遣我时,我们还不是你现在这种状况。我担心阿拉伯人会背弃(他们的伊斯兰信仰),如果他们背弃,他们将是首先被讨伐的对象。如果他们不背弃,我将继续前进,因为与我同行的有族中的首领和其中最优秀的人。"艾布·伯克尔向众人讲话说:"凭安拉发誓,即使猛禽要把我抓走,也比我将任何事情置于安拉的使者ﷺ的命令之上更让我喜爱。"于是他派遣了他。

Al-Bayhaqi and Ibn cAsakir narrated that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: ‘By the One Whom there is no god but Him, if Abu Bakr had not been appointed khalifah then Allah would not have been worshipped.’ Then he said it a second time and then he said it a third time. Someone said to him, ‘How so, Abu Hurayrah?’ So he said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, directed Usamah ibn Zaid, along with seven hundred men, to Syria. When they arrived at Dhu Khushub the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died, the Arabs around Madinah reneged on their Islam and the companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gathered around him and said, “Bring these back. Do you direct these against the Byzantines while the Arabs around Madinah have reneged?” He said, “By the One Whom there is no god but Him, even if dogs were dragging the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, by their feet I would not return an army which the Messenger of Allah had sent out, nor undo a standard wliich he had tied!” He sent Usamah, and every tribe he would pass by which was wishing to renege would say (to themselves), “If these (the people of Madinah) did not have power, the like of these (the army) would not have come out from among them, so let us leave them alone until they meet the Byzantines.” They met them, defeated them, killed them and returned safely, so that they (the tribes) remained firm in Islam.’ And he narrated that cUrwah said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, began to say in his illness, 'Despatch the army of Usamah,’ so that it travelled until it reached al-Jurf (three miles from Madinah on the road to Syria). His (Usamah’s) wife, Fatimah bint Qais, sent a message to him saying, 'Do not hasten, because the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is heavily afflicted.’ He did not proceed until the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died. When he died, he returned to Abu Bakr and said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent me while we were not in this state of yours. I fear that the Arabs will reject (their Islam), and if they reject, they are the first to be fought. If they do not reject, I will carry on, because with me are the chiefs of the people and the best of them.’ Abu Bakr addressed the people and said, ‘By Allah, that birds (of prey) were to snatch me away is more beloved to me than that I should give anything precedence over the command of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ Then he sent him.

adh-Dhahabi说：当先知穆罕默德ﷺ去世的消息在各地传开后，许多阿拉伯部落背弃了伊斯兰教，拒绝缴纳天课。于是艾布·伯克尔·as-Siddiq准备与他们作战。欧麦尔等人劝他不要与他们交战，他便说：“凭真主发誓，即便他们拒绝交给我一根拴骆驼的绳子，或是一只他们过去交给真主的使者ﷺ的小母山羊，我也要为这拒绝而与他们作战。”欧麦尔说：“你怎能与这些人作战呢？真主的使者ﷺ曾说：‘我奉命与人们作战，直到他们说：除真主外别无应受崇拜者，穆罕默德是真主的使者。凡说了这句话的人，他的财产和生命便受到我的保护，除非依照其应得的刑罚（即因犯罪而应受的处罚）。’”

Adh-Dhahabi said: When the death of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, became well known in the districts, many groups of the Arabs reneged on their Islam and refused the zakat so Abu Bakr as-Siddiq prepared to fight them. cUmar and others counselled him to avoid fighting them, so he said, ‘By Allah, if they refused me a hobbling cord or a young she-goat which they used to pay to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, I would fight them over its refusal.’ TJmar said, ‘How can you fight people when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “I have been ordered to fight people until they say: There is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and whoever said it, his property and his blood are safe from me except for its due (punishment for crimes)

……他的清算在于真主。”’艾布·伯克尔说：‘以真主发誓，凡是区分礼拜与天课的人，我都要与他作战，因为天课是财产应尽的义务，而他（ﷺ）曾说：“除非是其应尽的义务。”’欧麦尔说：‘以真主发誓，我只是看到真主已使艾布·伯克尔的胸怀为作战而开阔，我便知道那是正确的。’两位圣人及其他学者都传述了此段圣训。

and his reckoning is up to Allah.”?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘By Allah, I will fight whoever makes a distinction between the prayer and the zakat, for the zakat is what is due on property, and he said, “Except for its due.’” cUmar said, ‘By Allah, it was only that I saw that Allah had expanded the breast of Abu Bakr to fighting and I knew that it was right.’ The two Shaykhs and others narrated it.

"Urwah说:阿布·伯克尔带领穆哈吉尔和安萨尔出发,直到抵达纳季德对面的一片沼泽地。游牧的阿拉伯人带着家眷四散逃离。众人去劝阿布·伯克尔说:"请回麦地那去,照顾孩子和妇女,并委派一人统率军队。"他们坚持不懈,直到他返回,并任命哈立德·本·瓦利德统率军队。他对哈立德说:"如果他们皈依伊斯兰并缴纳天课(sadaqah,即zakat),那么你们中任何愿意回去的人都可以回去。"于是阿布·伯克尔返回了麦地那。

cUrwah said: Abu Bakr went out with the Muhajirun and the Ansar until he reached a swamp opposite Najd and the nomadic Arabs fled with their families. The people spoke to Abu Bakr and said, ‘Go back to Madinah, to the children and women, and put a man in command of the army,’ and they persisted until he returned, putting Khalid ibn al-Walid in command. He said to him, ‘If they submit in Islam and pay the sadaqah (the zakai) then whoever of you wishes to return may return,’ and Abu Bakr went back to Madinah.

阿德-达拉古特尼传述,伊本·欧麦尔说:当艾布·伯克尔出发,骑在骆驼上时,阿里·本·阿比·国兰布抓住它的缰绳,说:“真主使者的哈里发,您要去哪里?我对您说真主的使者ﷺ在乌侯德日对您说过的话:‘收起你的剑,不要让我们因你本人而忧伤、担心。’请回麦地那吧,因为,凭真主发誓,如果因为您而使我们忧伤,伊斯兰将永远再无秩序。” 罕达拉·本·阿里·莱西传述,艾布·伯克尔派遣哈立德,并命令他就五件事与人们作战:作证万物非主,唯有真主,穆罕默德是祂的仆人和使者ﷺ;坚守拜功;缴纳天课;斋戒莱麦丹月;朝觐天房。无论谁放弃其中一件,他都要与之作战,正如与放弃全部五件的人作战一样。哈立德和随行的人在查马迪·阿赫勒月出发,与阿萨德部落和迦塔方部落作战。他们杀了所杀之人,俘虏了所俘之人,其余的人则重新皈依伊斯兰。

Ad-Daraqutni narrated that Ibn TJmar said: When Abu Bakr set out and was mounted on his camel, cAli ibn Abi Talib took hold of its reins and said, ‘Where are you going, Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah? I say to you that which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to you on the Day of Uhud, “Sheath your sword, and do not cause us grief and concern for your person,” and return to Madinah, for, by Allah, if we are caused to grieve because of you there will not be any order in Islam ever.’ Handhalah ibn cAli al-Laythi said that Abu Bakr sent Khalid and ordered him to fight people over five matters, and that whoever abandoned one of them, he was to fight him just as he was to fight whoever abandoned all five: the shahadah that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His slave and messenger, the establishment of the prayer, the production of the zakat, the fast of Ramadan and the pilgrimage of the House. Khalid unci those with him went out in Jumada al-Akhirah and fought Banu Asad and Ghatafan. They killed whomever they killed and captured whomever they captured, and the rest returned to Islam.

在这次事件中,ʿUkkāshah ibn Miḥṣan 和 Thābit ibn Aqram 殉难了。

In this event cUkkashah ibn Mihsan and Thabit ibn Aqram were martyred.

在今年的斋月，法蒂玛——愿真主喜悦她——去世了。她是真主的使者的女儿ﷺ，是世界女性的女主人（Sayyidah），去世时年仅二十四岁。阏·达哈卜（Adh-Dhahabi）说：真主的使者ﷺ除了通过她之外没有其他后裔，因为他的女儿宰奈卜的后代已经断绝，祖拜尔·伊本·伯克尔（az-Zubayr ibn Bakkar）如是说。

In Ramadan of this year, Fatimah, may Allah be pleased with her, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died, the Mistress (.Sayyidah) of the world’s women, and her age was twenty-four years old. Adh-Dhahabi said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had no descendants but through her, because the issue of his daughter Zaynab became extinct, az-Zubayr ibn Bakkar said.

乌姆·艾曼比她早一个月去世。在绍瓦勒月，阿卜杜拉·伊本·艾卜·伯克尔去世。随后，哈立德率军前往亚玛玛，征讨说谎者穆塞利迈，时值年末。两军相遇，围攻持续了数日，随后那说谎者被杀，愿真主诅咒他。杀害哈姆扎的瓦希西亲手杀死了他。大批圣门弟子在此殉教：艾卜·胡宰法·伊本·欧特白、艾卜·胡宰法的被释奴萨利姆、舒哈·伊本·瓦海卜、宰德·伊本·赫塔卜、阿卜杜拉·伊本·萨赫勒、马立克·伊本·阿慕尔、图法ইল·伊本·阿慕尔·道西、叶齐德·伊本·盖斯、阿米尔·伊本·布凯尔、阿卜杜拉·伊本·马赫拉麦、赛布·伊本·欧斯曼·伊本·麦兹欧、阿巴德·伊本·比施尔、马安·伊本·阿迪、萨比特·伊本·盖斯·伊本·沙马斯、艾卜·杜贾纳·西马克·伊本·哈尔卜，以及众多圣门弟子，总计七十人。穆塞利迈死的那天已经一百五十岁，他的出生早于先知的父亲阿卜杜拉的出生，愿真主赐福他并赐他平安。

Umm Ayman died a month before her. In Shawwal cAbdullah ibn Abi Bakr died. Then Khalid went with his army to al-Yamamah to light Musaylimah the Liar, towards the end of the year. The two hosts met, the siege lasted some days, and then the Liar was killed, may Allah curse him. Wahshi, the one who killed Hamzah, killed him. A great number of the Companions were martyred there: Abu Hudhayfah ibn cUtbah, Salim the freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah, Shujac ibn Wahb, Zaid ibn al-Khattab, cAbdullah ibn Sahl, Malik ibn cAmr, at-Tufayl ibn cAmr ad-Dawsi, Yazid ibn Qais, cAmir ibn al-Bukayr, cAbdullah ibn Makhramah, as-Sa’ib ibn cUthman ibn Madhcun, cAbbad ibn Bishr, Macan ibn cAdi, Thabit\ibn Qais ibn Shamas, Abu Dujanah Simak ibn Harb and a large number totalling seventy (of the Companions). Musaylimah, on the day of his death, was one hundred and fifty years old, his birth having been before the birth of cAbdullah, the father of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

十二年,艾布·伯克尔·易斯拉目派阿拉·伊本·哈达拉米前往叛教的巴林。双方在贾瓦撒相遇,穆斯林获胜。他派遣伊克里玛·伊本·艾布·贾赫勒前往叛教的阿曼,又派遣穆哈吉尔·伊本·艾布·乌maiya前往努贾尔的民众处,并派遣齐亚德·伊本·拉比德·安萨里前往一批叛教者那里。 同一年,祖赖布之夫、先知ﷺ之女的丈夫艾布·阿斯·伊本·拉比尔去世,还有赛布·伊本·朱萨马·莱斯、艾布·马尔萨德·甘纳维也去世了。同一年,艾布·伯克尔·易斯拉目在与叛教者的战斗结束后,派遣哈立德·伊本·瓦利德前往巴士拉地区。他袭击了乌布拉,攻取了该地,并占领了伊拉克的克斯拉宫城(Mada'in Kisra),其中一部分是通过条约,一部分是通过武力取得的。 同一年,艾布·伯克尔·易斯拉目主持了朝觐,然后返回,并派遣阿慕尔·伊本·阿斯和军队前往叙利亚。阿吉纳代因之战发生在十三年的第一个乌拉达月(Jumada al-Ula),穆斯林获胜。艾布·伯克尔在临终时接到了胜利的喜讯。伊克里玛·伊本·艾布·贾赫勒在此战中殉教,还有希沙姆·伊本·阿斯以及其他一些人也殉教了。 同一年,发生了马尔祖·苏法尔之战,多神教徒战败,法德勒·伊本·阿拔斯等人殉教。

In the twelfth year, as-Siddiq sent al-cAla’ ibn al-Hadrami to Bahrain who had reneged. So they met at Jawatha and the Muslims were victorious. He sent cIkrimah ibn Abi Jahl to Oman who had reneged, and he sent al-Muhajir ibn Abi Umayyah to the people of Nujayr. He sent Ziyad ibn Labid al-Ansari to a group of those who had reneged. In that year Abu’l-cAs ibn ar-Rabic died, the husband of Zaynab, the daughter of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, also as-Sacb ibn Juthamah al-Laythi, and Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi. In that year, after finishing fighting the people who had reneged, as-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to the land of Basra and he raided Ubullah, captured it and took Mada’in Kisra, the one which is in Iraq, partly by treaty and partly by force. In that year Abu Bakr as-Siddiq undertook the Hajj, then returned and sent cAmr ibn al-cAs and the army to Syria; the battle of Ajnadayn happened in Jumada al-Ula of the thirteenth year, and the Muslims were victorious. Abu Bakr was given the good tidings when he was close to death. cIkrimah ibn Abi Jahl was martyred in it and Hisham ibn al-cAs among a group of others. In that year there was the battle of Marju’s-Suffar, the idolaters were defeated and al-Fadl ibn al-cAbbas, among others, was martyred.