穆阿维叶曾非常执着地催促欧麦尔·伊本·哈塔卜出兵征讨塞浦路斯，并且要求从海上出征。于是欧麦尔写信给阿慕尔·伊本·阿绥，说：“请向我描述大海以及在海上行走的人。”阿慕尔回信说：“我见过一个庞大的造物，一个小小的造物却能乘坐它。若它静止，便刺入人心；若它移动，便使理智敬畏。在它之中，理智显得渺小，罪行显得繁多，人们在它之上如同木头上的蛀虫。若它倾斜，便会沉没；若它疾速，便会进入波涛并潜入其中。”欧麦尔读完信后，写给穆阿维叶说：“我指真主起誓，我绝不会让一个穆斯林乘坐它。” 伊本·贾利尔说：“穆阿维叶在奥斯曼时期对塞浦路斯发动了远征，当地人与他订立了和约，条件是他们缴纳吉兹亚税。” 在伊历29年，波斯波利斯以武力攻克，还有伊萨以及其他地方也被攻下。同年，奥斯曼扩建了麦地那的清真寺，将其扩大，并用雕凿的石材重建，柱子用石头制成，屋顶用柚木制成。他使其长度为一百六十腕尺，宽度为一百五十腕尺。

Mucawiyah had pressed cUmar ibn al-Khattab very persistently about raiding Cyprus and doing so by sea, so cUmar wrote to cAmr ibn al-cAs, ‘Describe the sea to me and the one who travels on it.’ He wrote to him, ‘I have seen a great creation, which a small creation mounts. If it is still, it pierces the hearts, and if it moves, it awes the intellects. In it the intellects grow in littleness, and wrong actions in muchness, and in it they are like grubs upon a timber. If it leans over, it sinks, and if it is swift, it enters into the wave and dives therein.’ When cUmar read the letter he wrote to Mucawiyah, ‘By Allah I will never convey a Muslim upon it.’ Ibn Jarir said, ‘Mucawiyah carried out the expedition against Cyprus during the time of cUthman, and its people made a treaty with him on the basis of their paying the jizyah! I n the year 29 AH, Persepolis was opened by force of arms, and I'asa and other places. In that year, cUthman added to the mosque of Madinah, extended it, and rebuilt it with sculpted stone, making its pillars of stone and its roof of teak. He made its length one hundred and sixty cubits and its breadth one hundred and fifty cubits.

在公元30年（伊历30年），贾尔（Jur）被攻克，呼罗珊地区的许多州府也被攻克；内沙布尔（Naysabur）以和约方式被攻克，也有人说是以武力攻克。图斯（Tus）和萨尔哈斯（Sarkhas）都是以和约方式被攻克，马尔夫（Marw）和拜哈各（Bayhaq）也是如此。这些广阔的州府被攻取后，奥斯曼的财政收入变得十分丰厚，财富从四面八方汇集到他那里，以至于他设立了国库，并安排供给源源不断地流出。他会为某人下令发放十万钱袋，每个钱袋里有四千盎司（白银）。

In the year 30 AH, Jur was opened and many provinces of the land of Khurasan; Naysabur was opened by treaty, and it has been said, by force. Tus and Sarkhas were both opened by treaty, and similarly Marw and Bayhaq. When these extensive provinces were taken, cUthman’s revenues became abundant, and wealth came to him from every direction, until he established treasuries and made provisions to flow abundantly. He would order for a man one hundred thousand purses in each of which there were four thousand ounces (of silver).

在31年（伊历），穆阿维叶的父亲阿布·苏富扬·本·哈卜去世；同年，奥斯曼的叔父哈坎·本·艾比·阿斯也去世了，愿真主喜悦他。

In the year 31 AH, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, the father of Mucawiyah, died, and also al-Hakam ibn Abi’l-cAs the paternal uncle of 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him.

在伊历32年,先知的叔父阿拔斯·本·阿卜杜勒-穆塔利卜去世,奥斯曼主持了为他举行的殡礼拜。同年,阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·本·奥夫去世,他是最早皈依伊斯兰的十人之一,曾施舍四万第纳尔,还将一支从叙利亚来的整队商队原封不动地捐献出来。同年,阿卜杜拉·本·麦斯欧德·胡宰利去世,他是四位诵读者之一,是伊斯兰教最早的信士之一,也是以知识渊博而闻名的圣门弟子中的学者。同年,睿智而节制的艾布·达尔达·汉兹拉吉去世;他在穆阿维叶执政时被任命为大马士革的卡迪。同年,言语诚实的艾布·载尔·昆杜卜·本·朱纳代·额法里去世。同年,泽德·本·阿卜杜拉·本·阿卜杜·拉比希·安萨里去世,他就是在梦中被指示宣礼词的人。

In the year 32 AH, al-cAbbas ibn cAbd al-Muttalib, the paternal uncle of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died, and cUthman led the (funeral) prayer over him. In that year cAbd ar-Rahman ibn cAwf died, one of the ten from the first outstrippers who had once given away as sadaqah forty thousand and an entire caravan which had come from Syria, just as it was. In that year, ‘Abdullah ibn Mascud al-Hudhali died, one of the four reciters, one of the earliest in Islam, and one of the men of knowledge among the Companions who were famous for the vast extent of their knowledge. In that year the wise and abstinent Abu’d-Darda’ al-Khazraji died; he had been appointed to the position of Qadi of Damascus under Mucawiyah. In that year Abu Dharr Jundub ibn Jinadah al-Ghifari, the truthful in speech, died. In that year, Zaid ibn cAbdullah ibn cAbd-Rabbihi al-Ansari died, the one who was shown the adhan in a dream.

在公元33年（伊历33年），穆格达德·伊本·阿斯瓦德在他位于贾尔夫的土地上去世，人们将他的遗体运往麦地那安葬。同年，阿卜杜拉·伊本·赛阿德·伊本·艾比·萨尔赫发动了一次征讨阿比西尼亚的军事远征。

In the year 33 AH, al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad died at his land at al-Jurf, and he was carried to Madinah (for burial). In that year, Abdullah ibn Sacd ibn Abi Sarh mounted a military expedition against Abyssinia.

公元34年（伊历），库法人驱逐了赛义德·本·阿斯，并且对阿布·穆萨·阿什阿里感到满意。

In the year 34 AH, the people of Kufa ejected Sacid ibn al-cAs and were pleased with Abu Musa al-Ashcari.

公元35年（伊历），发生了奥斯曼被杀事件。

In the year 35 AH, there occurred the killing of cUthman.

az-Zuhri说：奥斯曼统治哈里发国十二年。前六年，人们对他毫无非议。在古莱什人看来，他比欧麦尔·伊本·哈塔卜更受欢迎，因为欧麦尔对他们严厉，而奥斯曼统治他们时则对他们宽和，与他们保持亲密的联系。后来他在他们的事务上有所松懈，在最后的六年里任用自己的亲属和家人。他为麦尔万颁布了北非战利品的五分之一（即圣战所得战利品中归统治者的份额），并把财富赏赐给自己的亲属和家人。他这样做，是在诠释真主所命令的“与亲属保持良好关系”。他说：“艾布·伯克尔和欧麦尔放弃了本属于他们的那一份，而我拿了它，并把它分给了我的亲属。”但人们拒绝并否认了他的这一做法。【这是他的个人见解（ijtihad）。】伊本·赛阿德转述了此事。

Az-Zuhri said: cUthman ruled the khilafah for twelve years. For six years he ruled without people criticising him at all. To Quraysh he was preferable to cUmar ibn al-Khattab, because cUmar was severe against them, but when cUthman ruled over them he was gentle with them and made his connections close with them. Then later he flagged in their affair, and appointed his relatives and family in the last six (years of his rule). He decreed for Marwan the khums (the fifth share of the spoils ofjihad that goes to the ruler) of North Africa, and he gave his relatives and family wealth. In that he was interpreting the ‘making close connections (with family)’ which Allah has ordered. He said, ‘Abu Bakr and cUmar gave up and abandoned what of that was theirs (by right), and I have taken it and divided it among my relatives,’ but people rejected and repudiated that from him. [It was his ijtihad]. Ibn Sacd narrated it.

伊本·阿萨基尔通过另一条传述链记载，祖赫里说：我对赛义德·伊本·穆塞耶卜说：“你能告诉我，奥斯曼是如何被杀的吗？当时民众在做什么，他自己又在做什么？穆罕默德的同伴，愿安拉赐福于他并使他平安，为何没有援助他？”伊本·穆塞耶卜说：“奥斯曼是被不公正地杀害的，杀他的人犯了罪，而没有援助他的人是无可指责的。”我说：“这是怎么回事？”他说：“奥斯曼被任命时，一些同伴不喜欢这一任命，因为奥斯曼喜爱他的族人。”

Ibn cAsakir narrated by another route that az-Zuhri said: I said to Sacid ibn al-Musayyab, ‘Can you tell me how was the killing of cUthman? What were people up to and what was he up to? And why did the Companions of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, fail to help him? Ibn al-Musayyab said, ‘cUthman was killed unjustly, whoever killed him was wrongdoing, and whoever failed to help him is free of blame.’ I said, ‘How was that?’ He said, ‘When cUthman was appointed, a group of the Companions disliked his appointment, because cUthman used to love his people.

他统治民众长达十二年。他常任用banu Umayyah(倭马亚家族)中未曾陪伴先知ﷺ的人。他的埃米尔们会制造一些事端,穆罕默德的同伴们对此表示反对。奥斯曼曾要求民众对他们保持善意,也不会将他们撤职。

He ruled people for twelve years. He used to appoint people from Bani Umayyah who had not kept company with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. His amirs used to produce matters which the Companions of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would repudiate. cUthman used to ask people to have good will for them and he would not remove them.

那是在伊历35年。在最后的六年里，他偏袒自己父亲一方叔伯的部族。他任用了他们，不让任何人与他们分享权力。他命令他们敬畏安拉，又任命阿卜杜拉·本·艾比·萨尔赫主管埃及，他在那里掌权多年。埃及人前来向他申诉，抱怨他的不义行为。此前，奥斯曼对阿卜杜拉·本·麦斯欧德、艾布·匝尔和阿玛尔·本·亚西尔也有过怠慢。拜尼·胡栀勒和拜尼·祖赫拉因伊本·麦斯欧德的处境而心怀不满。

'I hat was in the year 35 AH. During the six last years he chose in preference the tribe of his paternal uncle. He appointed them and d id not let anyone share with them. He ordered them to fear Allah, he appointed cAbdullah ibn Abi Sarh in charge of Egypt and he remained in control there for years. The people of Egypt came to complain of him and to complain of his wrongdoing. There had been slights before from cUthman to cAbdullah ibn Mascud, Abu Dharr and cAmmar ibn Yasir. Banu Hudhayl and Banu Zuhrah had what they had in their hearts because of the state of Ibn Mascud.

banū Ghifār、他們的盟友，以及因阿布·扎爾而憤怒的人，心中懷著他們所懷有的情緒。banū Makhzūm 則因為 ʿAmmār ibn Yāsir 的遭遇而對ʿUthmān 怒不可遏。

Banu Ghifar, their allies and whoever was angry because of Abu Dharr, had in their hearts what they had in them. Banu Makhzum were furious at cUthman because of the condition of cAmmar ibn Yasir.

埃及人前来投诉伊本·阿比·萨尔赫，于是（奥斯曼）写信给他，以此相威胁。但伊本·阿比·萨尔赫拒不接受奥斯曼的禁令。他殴打了从奥斯曼处前来的一位埃及人，此人是曾去见奥斯曼的人之一，他把此人打死了。于是有七百人离开埃及，住进了（麦地那的）清真寺。

‘The people of Egypt came to complain of Ibn Abi Sarh, so he wrote a letter to him in which he threatened him, but Ibn Abi vSarh refused to accept what cUthman forbade him, he struck one of those of the people of Egypt who came to him from cUthman, one of those who had gone to cUthman, and he killed him. Seven hundred men left Egypt and dwelt in the mosque (of Madinah).

他们在拜时向众圣门弟子抱怨伊本·艾比·萨尔哈所做的事。塔勒哈·本·欧拜杜拉站起来,非常严厉地对欧斯曼说话。阿伊莎愿安拉喜悦她,派人向他传话说:“穆罕默德的同伴们,愿安拉赐福于他并赐他平安,曾到你这里来,请你罢免这个人,而你却拒绝了吗?”

They complained to the Companions at the times of the prayers about what Ibn Abi Sarh had done. Talhah ibn cUbaydullah stood and addressed cUthman very severely. cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, sent a message to him saying, “The Companions of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came to you and they asked you to remove this man and you refused?

他们中有一人杀了一个人,所以请你公正地处理他们的申诉,对付你的总督。"阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜来见他,说:"他们只是向你要一个人来抵一个人,他们因此要求为血案偿命。把他从他们头上撤下来,在他们之间作出公正的裁决。如果此人有任何应负的责任,就要对他们公正。"他(奥斯曼)对埃及人说:"你们从你们中间选一个人,我将任命他取代(伊本·阿比·萨尔赫)。"人们向他推举了穆罕默德·本·阿比·伯克尔。他们说:"请任命穆罕默德·本·阿比·伯克尔管理我们。"他为此写下了任命书,并任命了他。 一些移民者和辅士与他们同行,去查明埃及人与伊本·阿比·萨尔赫之间的那场争端。穆罕默德和同行的人出发了。当他们离开麦地那约三天的路程时,遇见一个黑人奴隶骑在骆驼上,使劲抽打骆驼,好像是在追赶什么人,或被人追赶。穆罕默德ﷺ的同伴们对他说:"你的情况如何?你有什么事?看起来你像是在逃跑或在追赶什么人。"他对他们说:"我是众信士的长官的奴隶,他派我去见埃及的总督。"有一人对他说:"这位(穆罕默德·本·阿比·伯克尔)就是埃及的总督。"他说:"我要找的不是这位。"穆罕默德·本·阿比·伯克尔得知了他的事情,于是派人去寻找他,把他带到了自己面前。他说:"奴隶,你是谁?"他一会儿说:"我是众信士的长官的奴隶,"一会儿又说:"我是麦尔旺的奴隶,"直到有一人认出他是奥斯曼的奴隶。穆罕默德对他说:"你是奉谁之命前去?"他说:"去埃及的总督那里。"他问:"带着什么?"他说:"带着一份口信。"他问:"你身上有信吗?"他说:"没有。" 他们搜查了他，却没有在他身上找到信件。他身边带着一个干涸的水壶，壶里有某种东西在晃动，于是他们晃动水壶想把它倒出来，却没有倒出。他们打破了水壶，发现里面有一封信，是来自Uthman写给Ibn Abi Sarh的。穆罕默德把在场的穆哈吉尔、安萨尔以及其他人召集起来，然后当着他们的面打开了那封信。信中写道：“当穆罕默德、某某和某某来到你那里时，你就设法杀掉他们，并宣布他的信是伪造的。”

I his one has killed a man from among them so treat them with justice (in their complaint) against your governor.” cAli ibn Abi Talib came to him and said, “They are only asking you for a man in place of (in retaliation for) a man and they have claimed from him (retaliation for the spilling of) blood. Remove him from over them and give a (just) decision between them. If there is anything due against him, be just to them.” He (cUthman) said to them (the Egyptians), “Choose from amongst yourselves a man whom I shalfl appoint over you in his (Ibn Abi Sarh’s) place.” The people indicated to him Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr. They said, “Appoint Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr over us.” He wrote his covenant and appointed himj A number of the Muhajirun and Ansar went with them to look into that (dispute) which was between the people of Egypt and Ibn Abi Sarh. Muhammad went and those with him. When they were about three days’ journey from Madinah they came upon a black slave on a camel beating the camel so much that it was as if he was pursuing or being pursued. The Companions of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, “What is your story? What is your business? It is as if you were fleeing or pursuing someone.” He said to them, “I am the slave of the Amir al-Mu’minin and he has directed me to the governor of Egypt.” A man said to him, “This (Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr) is the governor of Egypt.” He said, “It is not this one I want.” Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was told of his affair and so he sent a man in search of him who took him and brought him to him. He said, “Slave, who are you?” He began to say, one time, “I am the slave of the Amir al- Mu’minin,” and another time, “I am the slave of Marwan,” until one man recognised that he was the slave of cUthman. Muhammad said to him, “To whom are you sent?” He said, “To the governor of Egypt.” He said, “With what?” He said, “With a message.” He said, “Do you have a letter with you?” He said, “No.” They searched him and didn’t find a letter with him. He had with him an ewer which was dry, in which was something which moved about, so they moved it about to bring it out but it didn’t come out. They broke the ewer and there was a letter in it from cUthman to Ibn Abi Sarh. Muhammad gathered those with them of the Muhajirun, the Ansar and others, then he opened the letter in their presence. There was in it, “When Muhammad, so-and-so, and so-and-so come to you, then find a way to kill them, and declare his letter to be false.

(你在总督之位上继续任职,直到我的命令传到你那里为止;凡想来我这里控告你不法行为的人,你都要囚禁。我的命令必定会传到你那里,如果真主意欲如此。”)他们读信后十分惊恐。随后他们下定决心,返回了麦地那。穆罕默德用同行那群人的印戒封好信件,然后把信托付给了随行的一个人。他们便前往麦地那。到了那里,他们召集了塔勒哈、祖拜尔、阿里、萨德,以及穆罕默德的所有在世同伴。愿真主赐福于他和他的家人,并赐他们平安。他们当着众人的面拆开信件,并把那个奴隶的事情告诉了大家。随后他们把信念给众人听,麦地那的人无一不对奥斯曼愤怒。那些因伊本·麦斯欧德、艾布·宰尔和阿玛尔·本·亚西尔而愤怒的人,更是怒火中烧。穆罕默德的同伴们纷纷起身,闭门不出。他们之中,读完这封信后没有一个人不是心神错乱的。公元35年,人们包围了奥斯曼。穆罕默德·本·艾布·伯克尔也煽动塔伊姆部族等人起来反对他。

(Consider yourself confirmed in your governorship until my advice on it comes to you, and imprison whoever tries to come to me to accuse you of wrongdoing. My advice on that will certainly come to you, if Allah wills.” ‘When they read the letter they were terrified. Then they became resolved and returned to Madinah. Muhammad sealed the letter with the signet rings of the group who were with him, and then entrusted the letter to a man who was with them. Then they went to Madinah. There they gathered together Talhah, az-Zubayr, cAli, Sacd, and whoever there was of the Companions of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and his family and grant them peace. He broke (the seals of) the letter in their presence, and told them of the story of the slave. They read out the letter to them, and none of the people of Madinah was left who was not enraged at cUthman. It only increased those who were angry because of Ibn Mascud, Abu Dharr and cAmmar ibn Yasir in fury and rage. The Companions of Muhammad rose and kept to their houses. There was no-one among them who was not incoherent when he read the letter. The people besieged cUthman in the year 35 AH, and Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr raised Bani Taym and others against him.

“当阿里看到这一情形时，他派人去请塔勒哈、祖拜尔、萨尔德、阿马尔以及一群圣门弟子，他们都曾参加过白德尔战役。随后他带着那封信、那名奴隶和那头骆驼，去见奥斯曼。”

‘When cAli saw that, he sent for Talhah, az-Zubayr, Sacd, cAmmar and a group of the Companions, all of whom were at Badr. Then he went in to cUthman, with him the letter, the slave and the camel.

阿里问他:“这个奴隶是你的奴隶吗?”他说:“是的。”阿里说:“那头骆驼是你的骆驼吗?”他说:“是的。”阿里说:“那么这封信是你写的吗?”他说:“不是。”并发誓说:“以真主发誓,我没有写这封信,我没有下令写它,我对此毫不知情。”阿里说:“印章是你的印章吗?”他说:“是的。”阿里说:“你的奴隶骑着你的骆驼出去,带着一封盖有你印章的信,而你却对此一无所知,这怎么可能?”他又发誓说:“以真主发誓,我没有写这封信,我没有下令,我也从未指示这个奴隶去埃及。”至于笔迹,人们认出那是marwan的笔迹,于是他们开始怀疑uthman。他们要求他交出Marwan,他拒绝了,当时Marwan正在他的房子里。穆罕默德ﷺ的同伴们愤怒地离开了他,对他的事情心存疑虑。他们知道uthman不会发伪誓,但人们说:“除非他把Marwan交给我们审问,让我们弄清楚这封信的情况,以及他如何能够无端下令杀害穆罕默德ﷺ的一位同伴,否则uthman在我们心中永远洗脱不了嫌疑。如果是uthman写的,我们就罢免他。如果是Marwan以uthman的名义写的,那么我们就得认真考虑对Marwan怎么办。”他们于是闭门不出,uthman则拒绝把Marwan交给他们,因为他担心Marwan会被杀。人们继续包围uthman,并阻止水源送到他那里。他从楼上望着人群说:“阿里在你们中间吗?”他们说:“不在。”他说:“萨德在你们中间吗?”他们说:“不在。”他沉默了一会儿,然后说:“难道没有人能去找阿里,请他给我们取水来喝吗?”这话传到了阿里那里,于是他派人送去三皮袋水,但这些水几乎没能送到他那里。 由于他们的缘故，在水送到他ﷺ那里的过程中，banu Hashim和Banu Umayyah的一些获释奴隶受了伤。 Wait, I should keep names as the original writes them and correct that slip. Here is the corrected translation: 由于他们的缘故，在水送到他ﷺ那里的过程中，Banu Hashim和Banu Umayyah的一些获释奴隶受了伤。

Ali said to him, “This slave is your slave?” He said, “Yes.” He said, “And the camel is your camel?” He said, “Yes.” He said, “Then you wrote this letter?” He said, “No,” and he swore an oath, “By Allah I did not write this letter, I did not order it, and I had no knowledge of it.” cAli said, “The seal is your seal?” He said, “Yes.” He said, “How does your slave go out on your camel, with a letter upon which is your seal, and you know nothing about it?” He swore again, “By Allah, I did not write this letter, I didn’t order it, and I never directed this slave to go to Egypt.” As for the handwriting, they recognised that it was that of Marwan, and they came to doubt as to cUthman. They demanded that he should give them Marwan and he refused, while Marwan was with him in the house. The Companions of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, left him in anger, and in doubt about his affair. They knew that cUthman would not swear an oath that was false, but people said, “cUthman will never be free of guilt in our hearts unless he hands Marwan over to us for questioning, so that we know the situation of the letter, and how he could order the killing of a man of the Companions of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, without right. If TJthman wrote it, we will remove him from office. If Marwan wrote it as if it had been written by cUthman, then we will have to look seriously at what we shall do in the case of Marwan.” ‘They stuck to their houses, and cUthman refused to send Marwan out to them, for he feared that he would be killed. People continued laying siege to cUthman, and they prevented water (from reaching him). He looked over the people (from an upper floor) and said, “Is cAli among you?” They said, “No.” He said, “Is Sacd among you?” They said, “No.” He was silent and then he said, “Will no-one reach cAli and ask him to get us water to drink?” That reached cAli, so he sent him three water-skins full of water, but they almost didn’t reach him. Because of them a number of the freed slaves of Banu Hashim and Banu Umayyah were wounded in the course of the water getting to him.

传到阿里耳中，说有人打算杀害奥斯曼，他说：“我们只要马尔万，至于杀害奥斯曼，不行！”他对哈桑和侯赛因说：“你们带上你们的两把剑，站在奥斯曼的门口，不要让任何人接近他。” 于是祖拜尔派他的儿子去，塔勒哈也派他的儿子去，先知ﷺ的一些门徒也派他们的儿子去，阻止人们接近奥斯曼，并要求交出马尔万。人们见状，便朝奥斯曼的门射箭，以至于阿里之子哈桑在门口被血染红；马尔万在屋内时被一支箭射中。穆罕默德·本·塔勒哈满身是血，阿里的释奴昆巴尔也头部受伤。

‘It reached cAli that it was intended to kill cUthman, and he said, “We only want Marwan from him. As for the killing of cUthman, no!” He said to al-Hasan and al-Hussein, “Go with your two swords and stand at the door of cUthman and allow no-one to reach him.” | Then az-Zubayr sent his son, Talhah sent his son and a number of the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent their sons to prevent people getting to cUthman, and to demand the surrender of Marwan. When people saw that, they shot arrows against the door of cUthman until al-Hasan ibn ' Ali was reddened with blood at his door, an arrow struck Marwan while he was in the house. Muhammad ibn Talhah was smeared with blood and also Qanbar, the freed slave of cAli, was wounded in the head.

“穆罕默德·本·艾卜·伯克尔担心，банu 哈希姆因为哈桑和侯赛因的情况而愤怒，从而引起骚乱。他拉着两个人的手，对他们说：‘如果banu哈希姆来看见哈桑脸上有血，他们就会把这些人从奥斯曼身边赶走，我们的目的就落空了。我们去翻墙进去杀了他，不让任何人知道。’穆罕默德和他的两个人从一位安萨尔人的房子翻过墙，进入了奥斯曼的家，而与他（奥斯曼）在一起的人都不知道，因为他身边的人都在屋顶上面。他身边只有他的妻子。”

‘Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was afraid that Banu Hashim would become angry because of the state of al-Hasan and al-Hussein and provoke a tumult. He took the hands of two men and said to them, “If Banu Hashim come and see blood on the face of al-Hasan they will remove these people from around cUthman and what we wanted will be rendered useless. Let us go and scale the wall of the house and kill him, without anyone knowing about it.” Muhammad and his two men got over the wall from the house of a man of the Ansar and entered cUthman’s house, without any of those who were with him (cUthman) knowing, because everyone with him was up above the houses (on the roofs). There was no-one with him but his wife.

穆罕默德对他们两人说:“你们留在原地,因为他的妻子和他在一起,等我先进去。当我抓住他之后,你们再进来,击打他直到把他杀死。”穆罕默德ﷺ进去抓住了他的胡须,奥斯曼对他说:“以安拉发誓,如果你的父亲能看到你这样对待我,他会非常痛心。”于是他的手松开了(并停了下来),随后那两人进去击打他,直到把他杀死。

Muhammad said to the two of them, “Stay where you are, because his wife is with him, until I first enter. When I have taken hold of him, then you come in and strike him until you have killed him.” Muhammad went in and took hold of his beard, and TJthman said to him, “By Allah, if your father could see you, your behaviour to me would cause him great distress,” and so his hand slackened (and he held back), and then the two men entered and struck him until they had killed him.

他们从进来的同一条路逃了出去。他的妻子大声呼喊，但由于屋内一片混乱，她的呼声没有被听到。他的妻子走到人们面前说：“信士们的长官被杀了！”人们进屋后，发现他已被杀害。消息传到了阿里、塔勒哈、祖拜尔、萨德，以及麦地那的所有人那里，他们纷纷出来——由于听到的消息，他们惊慌失措，失去了理智——直到他们进入奥斯曼的住处，发现他已被杀害。他们一遍又一遍地重复说：“我们确实属于真主，我们确实要归于祂。”阿里对他的两个儿子说：“你们两个在门口，信士们的长官怎么会被杀？”他举起手打了哈桑一巴掌，击打了侯赛因的胸口，辱骂了穆罕默德·本·塔勒哈和阿卜杜拉·本·祖拜尔，然后怒气冲冲地走了出去，直到回到自己的家。

‘They went out in flight by the same way that they had come in, and his wife cried out, but her cry was not heard in the house because of the commotion in the house. His wife went up to the people and said, “The Amir al-Mu’minin has been killed!” The people entered and they found him slaughtered. The news reached cAli, Talhah, az- Zubayr, Sacd and whoever was in Madinah and they went out - and their intellects had gone, because of the news which had come to them — until they came in to cUthman and found him killed. They repeated again and again, “Truly we belong to Allah and truly we are returning to Him.” cAli said to his two sons, “How was the Amir al-Muminin killed while you two were at the door?” He raised his hand and slapped al-Hasan, struck the chest of al-Hussein, abused Muhammad ibn Talhah and cAbdullah ibn az-Zubayr, and went out - enraged - until he came to his house.

人们纷纷涌到他身边，对他说：“我们要向你效忠宣誓，请伸出你的手吧，因为必须要有一位埃米尔。”艾里（ʿAlī）说：“这不关你们的事，这只属于巴德尔的人。巴德尔的人所认可的人，便是哈里发。”巴德尔的人无一人没有来到艾里身边，他们对他说：“我们看不到比你更有资格担任此职的人。请伸出你的手，我们将向你效忠宣誓。”他们便向他宣誓效忠。马尔万和他的儿子逃走了。

‘The people came rushing to him, saying to him, “We will pledge allegiance to you, so stretch out your hand, for there must be an amir.” cAli said, “That is not your business. It only belongs to the people of Badr. Whoever the people of Badr are pleased with is the khalifah.” Not one of the people of Badr remained without coming to cAli and they said to him, “We see no-one who has more right to it than you. Stretch out your hand and we will pledge allegiance to you.” They pledged allegiance to him. Marwan and his son fled.

cAli 来到 cUthman 的妻子那里，对她说：“是谁杀了 cUthman？”她说：“我不知道。两个我不认识的人进到他那里，和他们在一起的还有 Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr。”她把 Muhammad 所做的事告诉了 cAli 和众人，于是 cAli 召见了 Muhammad，询问他 cUthman 的妻子所说的话。Muhammad 说：“她没有说谎。以安拉发誓，我确实进到他那里，我确实想要杀他，然后他提醒了我我的父亲，我便从他身边退了回来，向安拉悔罪归依，愿祂至高无上。”

cAli came to the wife of cUthman and said to her, “Who killed cUthman?” She said, “I don’t know. Two men I don’t know came in to him, and along with them was Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr.” She told cAli and the people of what Muhammad had done, so cAli called for Muhammad and asked him about what the wife of cUthman had said. Muhammad said, “She did not lie. By Allah, I did come into him, I did want to kill him, then he reminded me of my father and I stood back from him, turning in penitence to Allah, exalted is He.

“以安拉起誓，我没有杀他，也没有抓住他。”他的妻子说：“他说的是实话。不过他确实把那两个人带了进来。”伊本·阿萨奇（Ibn cAsakir）记载，Safiyyah的被释奴Kinanah等人说：一个埋伏者，名叫Himar，是埃及人，蓝眼睛，面色红润，杀害了cUthman。

By Allah, I did not kill him, and I did not hold him.” His wife said, “He has told the truth. But he did bring the two of them in.”’ Ibn cAsakir narrated that Kinanah, the freed slave of Safiyyah, and others said: An Egyptian, who was blue-eyed with a ruddy complexion, called Himar killed cUthman.

艾哈迈德记载,穆吉拉·本·舒尔巴说:他进入正被围困的奥斯曼那里,说:“你是众人的伊玛目,而你所遭遇的正是你所看到的这一切。我为你提供三种选择:其一,你出去与他们作战,因为你身边有众多人手和力量,你是正义的一方,而他们是非正义的一方;其二,我们可以为你另开一扇门,不经过他们把守的那扇门,然后你骑上坐骑前往麦加,因为他们不会认为在你身处麦加时杀你是合法的;或者你前往叙利亚,因为那里的人是叙利亚人,其中有穆阿维叶。”奥斯曼说:“至于我出去作战,我不会成为真主使者ﷺ的哈里发中第一个在其乌玛中流血的人;至于我前往麦加,我听真主的使者ﷺ说:‘一个古莱士人将在麦加争执和争论,他将承担全世界一半的刑罚。’我不会成为那个人;至于我前往叙利亚,我永远不会离开迁徙之地和真主使者ﷺ的近邻。” 伊本·阿萨基尔记载,艾卜·萨restr·富哈米说:我进入正被围困的奥斯曼那里,他说:“我已在我的主那里藏下了十件事:我是伊斯兰教中的第四位皈依者;我装备了‘困难之军’;真主的使者ﷺ把他的女儿嫁给了我,后来她去世了,他又把他的另一个女儿嫁给了我,而我没有去追求她。”

Ahmad narrated that al-Mughirah ibn Shucbah said that he entered upon cUthman while he was besieged and said, ‘You are the imam of the people, and what you see has happened to you. I offer you three courses; one of them, that you come out and fight them, for there are numbers (of men) and strength with you; you are in the right and they are in the wrong; or we should cut a door for you other than the door over which they stand guard, then sit on your mount and take yourself to Makkah, for they will not consider it lawful to kill you when you are there; or else you should take yourself to Syria, for they are the people of Syria and among them is Mucawiyah.’ cUthman said, ‘As for me going out and fighting, I will not be the first khalifah of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in his ummah to spill (their) blood; and as for me going to Makkah, I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying, “A man of Quraysh will wrangle and dispute in Makkah; there will be upon him half the punishment of the world,” and I shall not be him; and as for me taking myself to Syria, then I will never separate myself from the Abode of the Hijrah and the neighbourhood of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ Ibn cAsakir narrated that Abu Thawr al-Fahmi said: I entered upon cUthman while he was besieged and he said, ‘I have hidden ten (things) with my Lord: I was the fourth of four in Islam; I equipped the Army of Difficulty; the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, married me his daughter and then later she died, and he married me his other daughter, and I did not court (her)

“我没有希望如此；自从我用右手向真主的使者——愿真主赐福他并使他平安——宣誓效忠以来，我从未把右手放在我的私处；自从我皈依伊斯兰以来，每逢主麻日我都会解放一名奴隶，除非我身上有债务，那时我会在还清债务之后再解放（一名奴隶）；我在蒙昧时期和伊斯兰时期都没有犯通奸；我在蒙昧时期和伊斯兰时期都没有偷窃；我在真主的使者——愿真主赐福他并使他平安——在世时就已背诵了整部《古兰经》。”奥斯曼于公元35年（回历）的屠沙里格日（即宰牲节的各日）期间被杀；也有人说，他是在回历十二月十八日的主麻日被杀的。

and I didn’t wish (for it); I have never placed my right hand upon my private parts since I pledged allegiance with it to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace; and no Jumucah has passed me by since I accepted Islam without my freeing a slave, unless there was something with me (of debt), then I would free him (or her) after that; and I never committed adultery in Jahiliyyah or Islam; and I never stole in Jahiliyyah or Islam; and I memorised the entire Qur’an in the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ cUthman was killed in the middle of the Days of Tashriq (the days of the cEid of Hajj) in the year 35 AH; and it has been said that he was killed on the day of Jumucah, the 18th of Dhu’l-Hijjah.

他于星期六前夜下葬，时间在日落礼拜与夜礼之间，葬于麦地那的墓地“白格figure”中的“侯什·凯卜卜”（Hawsh Kawkab）内，他是第一个被葬于该处（Hawsh Kawkab）的人。

He was buried on the night before Saturday, between the sunset and night prayers, in Hawsh Kawkab in al-Baqic (the cemetery of Madinah) and he was the first to be buried in it (Hawsh Kawkab).

据说他是在星期三被杀的，也有人说是在星期一，即后来的第十二月（Dhu’l-Hijjah）结束前六天。他被杀那天年已八十二岁。也有人说他八十一岁、八十四岁、八十六岁、八十八岁或八十九岁，还有人说他九十岁。Qatadah说：Az-Zubayr为他主持了殡礼并将他安葬，而他生前曾要求这样做。

It was said that his killing was on Wednesday, and it was said that it was Monday six days before the end of Dhu’l-Hijjah. On the day he was killed, he was eighty-two years old. It has also been said that he was eighty-one years old, eighty-four, eighty-six, eighty-eight or eighty-nine, and it was said that he was ninety. Qatadah said: Az- Zubayr prayed the funeral prayer over him and buried him and he had requested him to do that.

艾卜·阿迪（Ibn cAdi）和伊本·阿萨基尔（Ibn cAsakir）从艾奈斯（Anas）处传述了一段马尔富厄（marfuc）圣训：真主有一把剑插在鞘中，只要奥斯曼（cUthman）在世，剑就不会出鞘。待他被杀之后，这把剑将被拔出，直到复活日才会再入鞘。 伊本·阿萨基尔还传述：栽德·伊本·艾布·哈比布（Zaid ibn Abi Habib）说：我听闻，所有骑马前去攻打奥斯曼的人，都发了疯。

Ibn cAdi and Ibn cAsakir narrated from Anas in a marfuc hadith, Allah has a sword sheathed in its scabbard as long as cUthman is alive. Then when he is killed, that sword will be drawn and it will not be sheathed until the Day of Resurrection.’ Ibn cAsakir narrated that Zaid ibn Abi Habib said: It has reached me that all of the mounted group who went to cUthman went mad.

他记述道：哈晒法（愿安拉喜悦他）说：“诸般考验中的第一项是杀害奥斯曼，诸般考验中的最后一项是达贾勒的出现。指掌我性命的主起誓，凡心中有一粒芥子重的对杀害奥斯曼之事的喜爱的人，都不会死去，若他赶上了达贾勒的时代，他必会追随达贾勒；若他没有赶上，他在坟墓中也会确认达贾勒。”

He narrated that Hudhayfah said: The first of the trials was the killing of cUthman, and the last of the trials is the emergence of the Dajjal. By the One in Whose hand is my self, a man will not die, in whose heart there is the weight of grain of love for the killing of cUthman, but that he will follow the Dajjal if he reached him (his time), and if he did not reach him he would affirm him in his grave.

他记载道：伊本·阿拔斯说：如果人们没有为奥斯曼的血而寻求（报复），他们必定会被天上降下的石头击打。

He narrated that Ibn cAbbas said: If people had not sought (retaliation) for the blood of cUthman they would have been stoned with stones from heaven.

他记载道,al-Hasan说:cUthman被杀时,cAli正在他拥有的某块土地上。消息传到他那里,他说:“真主啊,我不认可此事,也没有纵容它。”al-Hakim记载此段圣训,并判定其为sahih(圣训真实可靠),据传Qais ibn cAbbad说:我在骆驼之战那天听到cAli说:“真主啊,我在你面前申明,我没有参与杀害cUthman的流血事件。cUthman被杀那天,我的理智受到震撼,我的灵魂受到排斥。人们来向我宣誓效忠,我说:‘以真主起誓,我羞于接受一群杀害了cUthman的人的效忠,我在真主面前也羞愧,在cUthman还未下葬之时就被人宣誓效忠。’于是他们离开了。等人们返回,请求我接受他们的效忠时,我说:‘真主啊,我担心自己即将去做的事。’随后人们的坚持到来了,我被宣誓效忠,他们说:‘信士的长官……’我的心仿佛被撕裂了。我说:‘真主啊,为了cUthman,请从我这里讨还,直到你满意为止。’”Ibn cAsakir记载,Abu Khaldah al-Hanafi说:我听到Ali说:“Banu Umayyah声称是我杀害了cUthman。不,以除真主之外别无应受崇拜者的真主起誓!我没有杀他,也没有纵容此事,我曾禁止此事,但他们违抗了我。”他记载,Samurah说:伊斯兰曾如同一座坚固的堡垒,而cUthman被杀,在伊斯兰中打开了一个缺口,直到复活日都无法弥合。哈里发职位原本在麦地那人中间,而他们却将其驱逐,它便再也没有回到他们手中。

He narrated that al-Hasan said: cUthman was killed while cAli was away in some land he owned. When it reached him he said, ‘O Allah, I did not approve (of it) and I did not abet (it).’ Al-Hakim narrated, and he declared it sahih, that Qais ibn cAbbad said: I heard cAli on the Day of the (battle of the) Camel saying, ‘O Allah I am clear before You of having taken part in the (shedding of the) blood of cUthman. My intellect was shaken on the day of cUthman’s killing, my soul was repulsed, and they came to me to pledge allegiance to me and I said, “By Allah, I am ashamed to take the allegiance of a people who killed cUthman, and I am ashamed before Allah to be sworn allegiance while cUthman is not yet buried,” so they went away. When the people returned and asked me to accept their allegiance, I said, “O Allah, I am afraid of what I am proceeding to do.” Then the determination (of the people) came, 1 was sworn allegiance, they said, ‘Amir al-Mu mining and it was as if my heart was rent asunder. I said, “O Allah, take from me for the sake of cUthman until You are contented.’” Ibn cAsakir narrated that Abu Khaldah al-Hanafi said: I heard Ali saying, ‘Banu Umayyah claim that I killed cUthman. No, by Allah Whom there is no god but He! I did not kill him, I did not abet it, I forbade it but they disobeyed me.’ He narrated that Samurah said: Islam was in a well fortified fortress, and they made a breach in Islam with the killing of TJthman which will not be closed until the Day of Resurrection. The khilafah was among the people of Madinah and they drove it out and it did not return to them.

他记载说，穆罕默德·本·西林说："（天使的）花色马匹从未在战役和军队中缺席，直到奥斯曼被杀。新月的出现从未有过分歧，直到奥斯曼被杀。地平线上的这种红光从未出现过，直到侯赛因被杀。"

He narrated that Muhammad ibn Sirin said: The piebald horses (of the angels) were never missing from the battles and the armies until the killing of cUthman. There was no disagreement on the new moons until the killing of cUthman. This redness which is on the horizons was never seen until the killing of al-Hussein.

cAbd ar-Razzaq 在《al-Musannaf》中记载，Humayd ibn Hilal 说：cAbdullah ibn Salam 来到那些包围 cUthman 的人中间，说道：“不要杀他。以真主发誓，你们中任何杀他的人都将以没有手的状态见到真主。真主的剑将保持入鞘，以真主发誓，如果你们杀了他，真主会拔出它，并且永远不会再将它入鞘。先知从未被杀，而因他而被杀的有七万人；哈里发也从未被杀，而因他而被杀的有三万五千人，之后人们才再次团结起来。” Ibn cAsakir 记载，cAbd ar-Rahman ibn Mahdi 说：cUthman 有两项品质，是 Abu Bakr 和 cUmar 都没有的：直到被杀之时他都保持镇定自持，以及他使人们团结在同一部 mushaf（《古兰经》抄本）之上。

cAbd ar-Razzaq narrated in the Musannafthax Humayd ibn Hilal said: cAbdullah ibn Salam came upon those who were besieging cUthman and said, ‘Do not kill him, for, by Allah, any man of you who kills him will meet Allah without a hand. The sword of Allah will remain sheathed, and by Allah, if you kill him, Allah will draw it out and He will never sheathe it again. A prophet was never killed but that seventy thousand were killed because of him, nor a khalifah but that thirty-five thousand were killed because of him before they were again united.’ Ibn cAsakir narrated that cAbd ar-Rahman ibn Mahdi said: There were two qualities that cUthman had which neither Abu Bakr nor cUmar had: his self-collectedness until he was killed, and his uniting the people upon a single mushaf{written copy of the Qur’an).

阿尔-哈基姆记载，阿米尔·沙阿比说：我没有听过比凯尔·本·马立克所说的话更好的哀悼奥斯曼的挽歌，他说：

Al-Hakim narrated that ash-Shacbi said: I have not heard a better elegy upon cUthman than the words of Kacb ibn Malik when he said:

于是他收住双手,关上了门,他确信真主是不会遗忘的。 他对屋里的人说:"不要杀他们!愿真主赦免每一个不参战的人。" 你们看到真主怎样降下敌意与仇恨,在彼此和睦之后! 你们也看到善事怎样离开了人们,在他之后,就像狂风驱动云层那样转向而去。

Then he restrained his hands and closed his door, And he was certain that Allah is not forgetful, He said to the people of the house, ‘Do not kill them! May Allah pardon every man who does not fight.” So how you have seen Allah pour out upon them Enmity and hatred after harmony with each other! And how you have seen the good turning back from people After him, the way the driving winds turn (the clouds)

"回来了！"

back!’

伊本·萨德（Ibn Sa'd）记述：穆萨·伊本·塔勒哈（Musa ibn Talhah）说：我看见欧斯曼（cUthman）在主麻日出来，身上穿着两件黄色的衣服。他会坐上讲坛（minbar），然后宣礼员开始召唤拜礼，而他仍在讲话，询问人们的物价以及病人的情况。

Ibn Sacd narrated that Musa ibn Talhah said: I saw cUthman going out on the day of Jumucah, upon him two yellow garments. He would sit on the minbar, then the mu’adhdhins would call to the prayer while he would talk, asking people about their prices and their sick.

他叙述道：“阿卜杜拉·鲁米说：奥斯曼夜间亲自照料他的小净用水。有人对他说：‘您若吩咐一位仆人，他们就会替您照料了。’他说：‘不！夜晚是他们用来休息的。’”伊本·阿萨基尔叙述，阿慕尔·伊本·奥斯曼·伊本·阿凡说：奥斯曼印戒上的刻字是：“我信赖那位创造并使其完善的主。”阿布·努艾姆在《迹象》中叙述，伊本·欧麦尔说：贾赫贾赫·安-吉法里在奥斯曼（站在讲坛上）时起身反对他。

He narrated that “Abdullah ar-Rumi said: cUthman would take care of his wadu’ (water for wudu’) at night himself. Someone said to him, ‘If only you would tell one of the servants then they would take care (of it for) you.’ He said, ‘No! The night is for them to rest in.’ Ibn cAsakir narrated that cAmr ibn cUthman ibn cAffan said: The engraving on the seal-ring of cUthman was, ‘I trust in the One Who created and completed (His creation).’ Abu Nucaym narrated in ad-Dala’il from Ibn cUmar that Jahjah al-Ghifari stood up against cUthman while he was (upon the minbar)

在演讲（讲道）时，他从手中拿起手杖，把它折断在自己的膝盖上。这一年还没过完，安拉就让坏疽降临到他的脚上，他因此而死。

delivering the khutbah, and he took his staff from his hand and broke it over his knee. The year did not pass until Allah sent gangrene in his foot and he died from it.