伊本·萨阿德说:阿里在奥斯曼被杀后的第二天早晨,在麦地那被宣誓效忠为哈里发。当时在场的所有圣门弟子,愿真主喜悦他们,都向他宣誓效忠。

Ibn Sacd said: cAli was pledged allegiance as khalifah the morning after the killing of cUthman in Madinah. All of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, who were there pledged allegiance.

据说，塔勒哈和祖拜尔是怀着不满、不情愿地宣誓效忠的。随后他们前往麦加，而阿伊莎（愿真主喜悦她）当时在那里。他们带上她，一同前往巴士拉，寻求为奥斯曼的血讨还公道。此事传到阿里耳中，他便前往伊拉克，在巴士拉遇见了塔勒哈、祖拜尔、阿伊莎以及与他们同行的人。这一战即著名的“骆驼之战”，发生在公元36年（回历）的敬哈迪·阿赫勒月。塔勒哈、祖拜尔等人在此役中丧生，死者达一万三千人。阿里在巴士拉停留了十五夜，然后前往库法。

It is said that Talhah and az-Zubayr pledged allegiance with displeasure and unwillingly. Then they went to Makkah, and cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, was there. They took her and went with her to Basra seeking retaliation for the blood of cUthman. That reached cAli so he went to Iraq and at Basra met Talhah, az-Zubayr, CA’ ishah and whoever was with them, which is known as the Battle of the Camel, and which occurred in Jumada al-Akhirah of the year 36 AH. Talhah, az-Zubayr and others were killed there, the dead reaching thirteen thousand. cAli spent fifteen nights at Basra and then he went to Kufa.

然后，穆阿维叶·本·阿布·苏夫扬和与他在一起的叙利亚人出来反对他。这件事传到阿里那里，他便出去迎战。两军于公元37年赛法尔月在绥芬相遇。那里的战斗持续了数日，直到叙利亚人高举古兰经抄本，呼吁人们遵从其中的经文，这是阿慕尔·本·阿斯的一计。人们厌恶战争，于是相互呼吁进行谈判，并委任了两名仲裁人：阿里委任阿布·穆萨·艾什尔里，穆阿维叶委任阿慕尔·本·阿斯。双方签署了一份文书，约定在新年之初于阿兹鲁赫会面，在那里认真商议乌玛的事务。人们随即散去，穆阿维叶返回叙利亚，阿里返回库法。

Then Mucawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan and those with him in Syria came out against him. That reached cAli and he went out to meet him. They met at Siffin in Safr of the year 37 AH. The fighting continued there for some days, until the people of Syria raised the mushafs calling to that which is in them, which was a trick of cAmr ibn al-cAs. People hated the war and they called each other to negotiate and appointed two arbiters. cAli appointed Abu Musa al-Ashcari and Mucawiyah appointed cAmr ibn al-cAs. They signed a decree between them that they should meet at the beginning of the year at al-Adhruh where they would consider seriously the command of the ummah. People separated, Mucawiyah returning to Syria and cAli to Kufa.

然后,(一群被称为)哈瓦利吉派(即分离者,字面意为“出走者”)中的一些人,从他的同伴以及追随他的人中脱离出来,反对他。他们说:“除真主的判决外,无所谓判决。”然后他们在哈鲁拉扎营。他派伊本·阿拔斯去见他们,伊本·阿拔斯与他们辩论并说服了他们,因此他们中的许多人回归了。其中一群人仍然坚持不改,前往纳赫拉万,并阻断了道路。阿里前往那里,在纳赫拉万杀死了他们,并杀死了“Dhu'th-Thudayyah”。12

Then (a group known as) the Khawarij (the seceders - literally ‘those who go out’) from among his companions and those with him, went out against him. They said, ‘There is no judgement but (that) of Allah’, and they set up a military camp at Harura’. He sent Ibn cAbbas to them, who argued with them and convinced them, so that many of them returned. A group of them stayed firm, went to an-Nahrawan and obstructed the roadway. cAli went to them there and killed them at an-Nahrawan, killing Dhu’th-Thudayyah.12

12 字面意思是“小乳房的主人”，此人曾被先知预言为哈瓦利吉派之一，愿安拉赐福于他并使他平安。ﷺ

12 Literally, ‘the possessor of the little breast’, a man who had been foretold to be among the Khawarij by the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

那是在公元前38年……不对，应为伊历38年。 更正后的译文： 那是在伊历38年。

That was in the year 38 AH.

今年沙尔邦月，人们聚集在阿兹鲁赫，其中有赛德·本·艾比·瓦卡斯、伊本·欧麦尔以及其他圣门弟子。阿慕尔允许艾布·穆萨·艾什尔里先行，这是他所设计的一个计谋。

People gathered in al-Adhruh in Shacban of this year, among them Sacd ibn Abi Waqqas, Ibn cUmar and other Companions. cAmr allowed Abu Musa al-Ashcari to go first, as a trick he had devised.

他(阿布·穆萨)发言,罢免了阿里的职务。随后,阿穆尔发言,确认穆阿维叶继续任职,并向他宣誓效忠。人们因此产生了分歧。阿里与其同伴意见相左,以至于他开始咬手指,说道:“我被违抗,而穆阿维叶却被服从?”哈瓦利吉派的三个人急于行动:阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·伊本·穆尔贾姆·穆拉迪、阿尔-布尔克·伊本·阿卜杜拉·坦米和阿穆尔·伊本·布凯尔·坦米。他们在麦加集会,彼此立约,由他们三人杀害阿里·伊本·艾比·塔利卜、穆阿维叶·伊本·艾比·苏非扬和阿穆尔·伊本·阿绥,从而让(安拉的)仆人们摆脱他们的祸害。伊本·穆尔贾姆说:“我为你们对付阿里。”阿尔-布尔克说:“我为你们对付穆阿维叶。”阿穆尔·伊本·布凯尔说:“我为你们对付阿穆尔·伊本·阿绥。”他们在同一夜立下了这一约定,那一夜或是斋月的第十一日,或是第十七日。之后他们各自前往其目标所在的地方。伊本·穆尔贾姆前往库法,与他的哈瓦利吉派同伴会合,并秘密告知他们所要进行的计划。

He (Abu Musa) spoke and removed cAli from office. Then cAmr spoke and confirmed Mucawiyah in office and pledged allegiance to him. People split up over this. cAli disagreed with his companions to such an extent that he began to bite his fingers saying, ‘I am disobeyed and Mucawiyah is obeyed?’ Three men of the Khawarij hastened to act: cAbd ar-Rahman ibn Muljam al-Muradi, al-Burk ibn cAbdullah at-Tamimi and ‘Amr ibn Bukayr at-Tamimi. They gathered in Makkah and made a covenant with each other that they three would kill: cAli ibn Abi Talib, Mucawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan and cAmr ibn al-cAs, and that they would give the slaves (of Allah) rest from them. Ibn Muljam said, ‘I will take cAli for you.’ Al-Burk said, ‘I will take Mucawiyah for you.’ cAmr ibn Bukayr said, ‘I will suffice you for cAmr ibn al-cAs.’ They made a covenant on that one night, either the eleventh or the seventeenth of Ramadan, and then each of them directed himself to the land in which his intended victim was. Ibn Muljam went to Kufa, met his companions of the Khawarij and told them secretly of what they intended to do.

在公元40年（伊历）拉马丹月第十七日的星期五前夜，阿里在黎明前醒来。他对儿子哈桑说：“今夜我看见了安拉的使者ﷺ，我说：‘安拉的使者啊，我从你的乌玛那里遭受了何等的苦难与争论！’他对我说：‘你应当向安拉祈求反对他们。’我便说：‘主啊，求你以比他们更好的人来代替我，以比我更糟的人来代替他们。’” 随后，宣礼员伊本·阿兹-扎巴赫进来见阿里，说：“拜功时间到了。”阿里走出门去，高声喊道：“众人啊，拜功，拜功！”伊本·穆尔詹站在他面前，用剑击中他，剑击在他额头上部，直达脑部。人们从四面八方向他冲去，他被抓住并捆绑起来。 阿里又挨过了星期五和星期六，在星期六夜里去世。哈桑、侯赛因和阿卜杜拉·伊本·贾法尔为他沐浴，哈桑带领众人为他举行殡礼，随后于夜间将他葬在库法的总督府内。后来人们砍断了伊本·穆尔詹的四肢，将他放进芦苇篮中，并将他焚烧。

On the night preceding the Jumucah of the seventeenth of Ramadan of the year 40 AH, cAli woke up before dawn. He said to his son al-Hasan, ‘This night I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and his family and grant them peace, and I said, “Messenger of Allah, what distress and argumentation I have received from your ummah\” He said to me, “Supplicate Allah against them.” I said, “O Allah, give me in exchange for them what is better for me than they are, and give them in exchange for me what is worse for them than I am.’” Then the mu’adhdhin Ibn adh-Dhabbah came in to cAli and said, ‘The prayer.’ cAli went out the door crying out, ‘People, the prayer, the prayer!’ Ibn Muljam stood before him, struck him with the sword, and it hit the top of his forehead reaching the brain. People rushed upon him from every side, and he was held and bound. cAli lingered for the Jumufah and Saturday, and died the night before Sunday. Al-Hasan, al-Hussein and “Abdullah ibn Jacfar washed his body, al-Hasan led the prayer over him, then he was buried in the house of the Amirate in Kufa at night. Later they cut off the limbs of Ibn Muljam, he was put in a reed basket, and they burnt him in a fire.

以上都是伊本·赛阿德的原话。他把这些事件和战役概括得非常出色,不像其他人那样大加铺陈,这更符合此情此景。他说:"提及我的同伴时,请你们克制(不要妄语)。"又说:"我的同伴们被杀的事迹,足以为鉴。"在《穆斯塔德拉克》中有这样一段记载:苏迪说,阿布杜·拉赫曼·本·穆勒吉姆疯狂地爱上了哈瓦利吉派的一个名叫盖坦的女子,他娶了她,并以三千迪拉姆和刺杀阿里作为聘礼。法拉兹达格就此事写道:

All of the above are the words of Ibn Sacd. He summarised all of these events and battles excellently well, and he didn’t expand on them greatly as others did. This is more befitting to this occasion. He said, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ‘When my companions are mentioned, restrain yourselves (from speaking)’, and he said, ‘It is sufficient for my Companions (to mention) their killing.’ There is in al-Mustadrak that as-Suddi said: cAbd ar-Rahman ibn Muljam fell passionately in love with a woman of the Khawarij called Qatam, and he married her and gave her as a dowry three thousand dirhams and the killing of cAli. Al-Farazdaq said about that:

“我从未见过像卡塔姆的嫁妆那样，由慷慨大方的人所赠送的嫁妆，其中有人（奴隶）与牲畜：

‘I have not seen a dowry sent by a liberally generous one, Like the dowry of Qatam, of human beings (slaves) and beasts:

三千,一名奴隶,一名女仆, 以及阿里以锋利的剑击打。

Three thousand, a slave, a maidservant And the striking of cAli with the penetrating sword.

“没有哪份聘礼比阿里更尊贵，即便它再昂贵；也没有哪次暗杀比伊本·穆尔camp的暗杀更轻微。” Correction: I need to translate faithfully. Here is the accurate rendering: “没有哪份聘礼比阿里更尊贵，即使它非常昂贵；也没有哪次暗杀不比伊本·穆賈姆的暗杀轻。”艾布·伯克尔·伊本·阿亚什说：阿里的坟墓被隐藏起来，以免哈瓦利吉派挖掘他的遗体；沙里克说：他的儿子哈桑把他运到了麦地那。穆巴ര്ദ从穆罕默德·伊本·哈比布那里转述说：第一个从一个坟墓被迁移到另一个坟墓的，是阿里，愿安拉喜悦他。 Final, clean version: “没有哪份聘礼比阿里更尊贵，即便它再昂贵；也没有哪次暗杀不比伊本·穆賈姆的暗杀更轻。”艾布·伯克尔·伊本·阿亚什说：阿里的坟墓被隐藏起来，以免哈瓦利吉派挖掘他的遗体。沙里克说：他的儿子哈桑把他运到了麦地那。穆巴ร্দ从穆罕默德·伊本·哈比布那里转述说：第一个从一个坟墓被迁移到另一个坟墓的，是阿里，愿安拉喜悦他。

There is no dowry dearer than cAli even if it were very expensive, And no assassination but that it is less than the assassination by Ibn Muljam.’ Abu Bakr ibn cAyyash said: The grave of cAli was concealed so that the Khawarij would not dig up his body; and Sharik said: His son al-Hasan carried him to Madinah. Al-Mubarrad said from Muhammad ibn Habib: The first to be transferred from one grave to another was cAli, may Allah be pleased with him.

伊本·阿萨基尔记载，赛义德·伊本·阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹说：当阿里·伊本·艾卜·talib（愿真主喜悦他）被杀后，人们抬着他去埋葬，要与先知ﷺ合葬。他们夜间带着他前行时，他所骑的骆驼突然走失。没有人知道它去了哪里，也追不上它。因此伊拉克人说：“他在云中。”另有人说：“那头骆驼到了塔伊部落的地界，他们把它带走并将他埋葬了。”阿里被杀时六十三岁。也有人说他六十四岁、六十五岁、五十七岁和五十八岁。他有十九名女奴。

Ibn cAsakir narrated that Sacid ibn cAbd al-cAziz said: When cAli ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, was killed, they carried him to bury him with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. While they were journeying with him at night, the camel on which he was bolted. No-one knew where it had gone, and they couldn’t overtake it. For that reason the people of Iraq say, ‘He is in the clouds.’ Others say, ‘The camel arrived in the lands of Tayy, where they took him and buried him.’ When cAli was killed he was sixty-three years old. It has been said that he was sixty-four, sixty-five, fifty-seven and fifty-eight. He had nineteen women slaves.