at-Tirmidhi 记载，他评定此圣训为 hasan（良好）；al-Hakim 记载，他评定为 sahih（sahih，即可靠）。Hudhayfah，愿真主喜悦他，说：真主的使者ﷺ说：“你们要效法在我之后的那两位——Abu Bakr 和 cUmar。”at-Tabarani 从 Abu'd-Darda' 的圣训中记载了此段，al-Hakim 则从 Ibn Mascud 的圣训中记载了此段，愿真主喜悦他。

At-Tirmidhi narrated, and he declared it hasan, and al-Hakim, and lie declared it sahih, that Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘Follow the lead of the two who come after me, Abu Bakr and cUmar.’ At-Tabarani narrated it from a hadith of Abu’d-Darda’ and al-Hakim in a hadith of Ibn Mascud. may Allah be pleased with him.

Abu’l-Qasim al-Baghawi 以一条良好的isnad传述：‘Abdullah ibn cUmar（愿安拉喜悦他）说：我听到安拉的使者（愿安拉赐福他并使他平安）说：“我之后将有十二位哈里发；Abu Bakr的统治只会持续很短的时间。”这段圣训的前半部分，学界一致认定其真实可靠，因为它通过多条不同的传述途径被记载。其解释已在本书的导言中作过说明。在前一段圣训所涉及的两部《沙希赫》（Sahih）之中，先知（愿安拉赐福他并使他平安）在临近逝世时发表讲话，说：“有一个仆人，安拉让他在两者之间选择……”，其结尾处为：“除了Abu Bakr的门之外，不要让任何一扇门保持敞开，都要关闭。”在al-Bukhari和Muslim两人共同记载的另一种措辞中是：“清真寺中不要留下任何通道，除了Abu Bakr的通道之外。”学者们说：“这表明了哈里发职位的归属，因为他会经由这扇门（或这条通道）出来，为穆斯林领拜。”这一内容也见于Anas（愿安拉喜悦他）的圣训，其措辞为：“关闭这些通向清真寺的门，只留下Abu Bakr的门。”此段由Ibn cAdi记载。此外，在‘A’ishah（愿安拉喜悦她）的圣训中也有记载，由at-Tirmidhi等人传述；在Ibn cAbbas的圣训中见于《Zawa’id al-Musnad》；在Mucawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan的圣训中由at-Tabarani传述；在Anas的圣训中由al-Bazzar传述。

Abu’l-Qasim al-Baghawi narrated with a good isnad that ' Abdullah ibn cUmar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying, ‘There will be twelve khalifahs after me; Abu Bakr will only last for a little.’ There is unanimous agreement on the authenticity of the first part of this hadith, as it is narrated by many different paths. Its explanation has been given earlier in the introduction of the book. In the two sahih books in the preceding hadith there is l hat he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when he gave a khutbah close to his death, said, ‘There is a slave whom Allah has given a choice ...’ and in the end of which there is, ‘And let not a door remain but that it is closed except for the door of Abu Bakr.’ And in a wording of the two of them (al-Bukhari and Muslim), ‘Let there not remain in the mosque a passageway except the passageway of Abu Bakr.’ The men of knowledge say, ‘This is an indication of the khilafah because he would go out by it (the door and passageway) to take the lead in the prayer for the Muslims.’ This has been narrated of a hadith of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, and its wording is, ‘Close these doors which open into the mosque except for the door of Abu Bakr.’ It is narrated by Ibn cAdi. And it is recorded in hadith ofcA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, which at-Tirmidhi and others narrated, and in a hadith of Ibn cAbbas in Zawa’id al-Musnad, and in a hadith of Mucawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan which at-Tabarani narrated, and in a hadith of Anas narrated by al-Bazzar.

两位舍赫共同记载:占拜尔·本·穆特именно·伊本·穆特伊姆(愿真主喜悦他)转述其父的话说:一名妇女来见先知ﷺ,先知让她过一段时间再来。她说:"如果我来了却找不到您呢?"她似乎是在说"死亡"。先知说:"如果你找不到我,就去找艾布·伯克尔。" 哈基姆记载并认为其为sahih(可靠的):阿奈斯(愿真主喜悦他)说:穆斯塔利格部落派我去见真主的使者ﷺ,(嘱咐说):"你去问他,在您之后我们应当把天课(sadaqat,zakat)交给谁?"于是我来到先知ﷺ面前问他,他说:"交给艾布·伯克尔。" 伊本·阿萨基尔记载:伊本·阿拔斯(愿真主喜悦他们二人)说:一名妇女来见先知ﷺ,要问他一件事。他对她说:"你回去吧(改日再来)。"她说:"真主的使者啊,如果我回去却找不到您呢?"(指他的去世)。他说:"如果你来了却找不到我,就去找艾布·伯克尔,因为他是我之后的哈里发。" 穆斯林记载:阿伊莎(愿真主喜悦她)说:真主的使者ﷺ对她说:"你把你的父亲(艾布·伯克尔)和你的兄弟叫来,我要写下一份东西,因为我担心有贪求者会觊觎,有人会说'我更有资格',而真主和信士们只会拒绝一切,唯独认可艾布·伯克尔。" 艾哈迈德等人通过多条途径从她那里转述此事,其中一些记载说:先知ﷺ在他临终的病中对我说:"把阿卜杜·拉赫曼·本·艾布·伯克尔叫来,我要为艾布·伯克尔写一份遗嘱,使我之后没有人会在他的问题上产生分歧。"之后他又说:"算了吧。我求真主庇佑,不要让信士们在艾布·伯克尔的问题上产生分歧。" 穆斯林（Muslim）记载：有人问阿伊莎（愿安拉喜悦她），如果先知ﷺ留下了哈里发，那会是谁。她说：“艾卜·伯克尔。”又有人问她：“那艾卜·伯克尔之后呢？”她说：“欧麦尔。”又有人问她：“欧麦尔之后呢？”她说：“艾卜·欧拜දة·本·哲拉赫。” 两位谢赫（布哈里和穆斯林）记载：艾卜·穆萨·艾什尔里（愿安拉喜悦他）说：先知ﷺ病了，病情越来越重。于是他说：“命令艾卜·伯克尔带领众人礼拜。”阿伊莎说：“安拉的使者啊，他是一个心肠柔软的人。”

The two Shaykhs narrated that Jubayr ibn Mutcim, may Allah be pleased with him, related from his father that he said: A woman came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he told her to come back to him later. She said, ‘What do you think if I come and don’t find you?’ as if she were saying, ‘Death.’ He said, ‘If you don’t find me then come to Abu Bakr.’ Al-Hakim narrated, and he declared it sahih, that Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Banu Mustaliq sent me to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, (saying), ‘Ask him, “To whom should we pay our sadaqat {zakat) after you?”’ So I came to him and asked him and he said, ‘To Abu Bakr.’ Ibn cAsakir narrated that Ibn cAbbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, said: A woman came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to ask him about something. He said to her, ‘Return (another time).’ She said, ‘Messenger of Allah, if I return and I don’t find you?’ (referring to his death). He said, ‘If you come and don’t find me, then come to Abu Bakr, for he is the khalifah after me.’ Muslim narrated that CA’ ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him pcace, said to her, ‘Call your father (Abu Bakr) and your brother *10 (hat I can write something, for I fear that some desirous person will covet, and someone will say, “I am more worthy,” and Allah uikI the believers refuse all except Abu Bakr.’ A li mad and others narrated it by various routes from her in some of which she said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to me in his sickness in which he died, ‘Call cAbd arllahman ibn Abi Bakr and I will write a testament for Abu Bakr so that no-one will disagree about him after me.’ Then later he said, 'Leave it. I seek refuge with Allah that the believers should disagree about Abu Bakr.’ Muslim narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, was asked, ‘Who would the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, have left as khalifah if he had left a khalifahV She said, ‘Abu Bakr.’ It was said to her, ‘Then who after Abu Bakr?’ She said, ‘cUmar.’ It was said to her, ‘Who after cUmar?’ She said, ‘Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah.’ Ihe two Shaykhs narrated that Abu Musa al-Ashcari, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, became ill and his illness became severe. So he said, ‘Command Abu Bakr and let him lead the people in prayer.’ 1 A’ishah said, ‘Messenger of Allah, he is a man who has a tender heart.

“如果他站在你的位置上，就不能带领众人礼拜。”他说：“你们命令艾布·伯克尔，让他带领众人礼拜。”她重复了她所说的话，于是他说：“命令艾布·伯克尔，让他带领众人礼拜；你们确实是优素福的女伴。”于是使者来到他那里，艾布·伯克尔便在先知ﷺ在世时带领众人礼拜。 这段圣训是穆塔瓦提尔（mutawatir）的，同时也见于阿伊莎、伊本·麦斯欧德、伊本·阿拔斯、伊本·欧麦尔、阿卜杜拉·本·匝姆阿、艾布·赛义德、阿里·本·艾布·塔利卜以及哈福赛（愿真主喜悦她）的传述之中，我已将其传述路线归入穆塔瓦提尔圣训之列。在阿伊莎（愿真主喜悦她）所传的某些版本中，她说：“我就此事一直坚持与真主的使者ﷺ交涉。促使我这样做的，只是我心中从未想过，人们会喜爱一个在他之后站在他位置上的人。我只是认为，绝不会有人站在他的位置上，而人们会因此而视之为不祥，所以我希望真主的使者ﷺ能转而不让艾布·伯克尔担任。” 伊本·匝姆阿（愿真主喜悦他）说，先知ﷺ吩咐他们举行礼拜，而艾布·伯克尔不在场，于是欧麦尔上前领拜。先知ﷺ说：“不！不！不！真主和穆斯林拒绝除艾布·伯克尔以外的任何人。让艾布·伯克尔带领众人礼拜。” 伊本·欧麦尔说：欧麦尔说了“真主至大”。先知ﷺ听到他的“真主至大”之声，愤怒地抬起头来，说：“伊本·艾布·古哈法在哪里？” 学者们说：在这段圣训中，有最明确的证据表明，艾卜·伯克尔·as-Siddiq在众圣门弟子中绝对是最优秀的，是最有资格担任哈里发的人，也是最配担任领导的人。

If he stands in your place he will not be able to lead the people in prayer.’ He said, ‘Command Abu Bakr and let him lead the people in prayer.’ She repeated what she had said and so he said, ‘Command Abu Bakr and let him lead the people in prayer; truly you are the female companions of Yusuf.’ So the messenger came to him (Abu Bakr) and he led the people in prayer in the lifetime of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. This hadith is mutaivatir and it is also narrated in hadith of cA’ishah, Ibn Mascud, Ibn cAbbas, Ibn cUmar, cAbdullah ibn Zamcah, Abu Sacid, cAli ibn Abi Talib and Hafsah, may Allah be pleased with her, and I have classified their routes of transmission among the mutawatir hadith. In some of the versions of the hadith of cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, she said, ‘I persisted in that with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. All that carried me to do that was that it did not occur to me in my heart that people could ever love a man who stood in his position after him. It was only that I was of the view that never would anyone stand in his position but that people would take a bad omen from it, and so I wished that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, might turn from Abu Bakr.’ Ibn Zamcah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered them to perform the prayer and Abu Bakr was not there, so that cUmar stepped forward and he prayed (as imam). The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘No! No! No! Allah and the Muslims refuse any but Abu Bakr. Let Abu Bakr lead the people in prayer.’ Ibn cUmar said: cUmar said, 'Allahu Akbar.’ The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, heard his Allahu Akbar, raised his head in anger and said, ‘Where is Ibn Abi Quhafah?’ The men of knowledge say: In this hadith there is the clearest of proofs that as-Siddiq was absolutely the best of the Companions, and the one having most right to the khilafah, and the most worthy of them for leadership.

阿什尔里说：众所周知，先知（愿真主赐福于他并使他平安）命令艾布·伯克尔·西迪格在穆哈吉尔和安萨尔面前带领众人礼拜。他还说过：“领拜者应当是众人中最精通真主之书的人。”由此证明，他（艾布·伯克尔）是他们中最精通真主之书的人，即他们中对《古兰经》知识最渊博的人。ﷺ

Al-Ashcari said: It is known of necessity that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered as-Siddiq that he should lead the people in prayer in the presence of the Muhajirun and the Ansar. Along with his saying, ‘He must lead the people who is the best read of them in the Book of Allah,’ it proves that he (Abu Bakr) was the best read of them, i.e. the most knowledgeable of them in the Qur’an.

圣门弟子们自己也曾以此证明他最有权继任哈里发之位，其中包括欧麦尔——他的话将在关于效忠宣誓的章节中提到——也包括阿里。

The Companions themselves sought to prove by this that he was the one with the most right to the khilafah, among them cUmar - and his words will follow in the section on the act of pledging allegiance - and among them cAli.

伊本·阿萨基尔记载，他（阿里）说：先知确实命令艾卜·伯克尔带领众人礼拜，而我当时在场，并非缺席，也没有生病；我们在世俗事务上所满意的人，正是先知ﷺ为我们的宗教所满意的人。

Ibn lAsakir narrated that he [cAli] said: Truly the Prophet ordered Aim Bakr to lead the people in prayer and indeed I was present, HIkI I was not absent and was not ill; and we were pleased for our Worldly affairs with the one whom the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was pleased with for our deen.

我们的学者说，阿布·伯克尔因其在先知时期对伊玛目职位的资格而为人所知，愿安拉赐福于他并使他平安。

I he men of knowledge say that Abu Bakr was recognised for his lil ness for the imamah during the time of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

艾哈迈德、艾布·达乌德等人转述，萨尔·本·萨阿德说：

Ahmad, Abu Dawud and others narrated that Sahl ibn Sacd said:

有一次，banī ʿAmr ibn ʿAwf 之间发生了争斗，此事传到了先知那里，他便在午间拜后前去为他们调解。他对Bilal说：“如果到了拜的时间，我还没有来，你就吩咐Abu Bakr带领众人礼拜。”到了晌礼的时间，Bilal宣礼（并念了 iqamah），然后吩咐Abu Bakr，于是他带领众人礼了拜。

I here was fighting among Bani cAmr ibn cAwf and it reached the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, so he came to them after the midday prayer in order to make peace between them. He said to Bilal, ‘If it is the time of the prayer, and I don’t come, then order Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.’ When it was time for the afternoon prayer Bilal announced the prayer (with the iqamah) and then ordered Abu Bakr, so he led the prayer.

Abu Bakr ash-Shafici 在《al-Ghaylaniyyat》中转述，Ibn cAsakir 也转述：Hafsah（愿真主喜悦她）对先知（愿真主赐福他并赐他平安）说：“您生病时，您让Abu Bakr先行。”他说：“不是我让他先行，而是真主让他先行。”ad-Daraqutni 在《al-Afrad》中转述，al-Khateeb 和 Ibn cAsakir 也转述：cAli（愿真主喜悦他）说：先知（愿真主赐福他并赐他平安）对我说：“我三次请求真主让你先行，但他拒绝了我，只让Abu Bakr先行。”Ibn Sacd 转述：al-Hasan 说：Abu Bakr 说：“真主的使者啊，我仍然在梦中看见自己走在人们的庭院里。”他说：“你将在众人中走上一条道路（sabeel）！”他又说：“我还看见我的胸前有类似两个小黑点的东西。”他说：“那是两年。”Ibn cAsakir 转述：Abu Bakrah 说：我去见cUmar，他身边有人在吃东西。他朝人群后面的一个人投去一瞥，说：“你在读前人的书时，发现了什么？”那人说：“先知（愿真主赐福他并赐他平安）的哈里发是他的Siddiq。”Ibn cAsakir 转述：Muhammad ibn az-Zubayr 说：cUmar ibn cAbd al-cAziz 派我去见al-Hasan al-Basri，向他询问一些事情。于是我来到他那里，说：“请为我解答人们所争议的问题。先知（愿真主赐福他并赐他平安）是否任命Abu Bakr为哈里发？”那时al-Hasan正坐着，他挺直身子说：“这还有什么怀疑吗？你没有父亲（阿拉伯谚语）！以真主发誓，除他之外没有别的神，他肯定任命了他为哈里发。他对真主的认识远超他人，对真主的敬畏顺从也更深，他不会在没有让他接掌权柄的情况下就离世。” 伊本·阿迪传述：艾卜·伯克尔·伊本·阿尤什说：拉希德对我说：“艾卜·伯克尔啊，人们是如何推举艾卜·伯克尔为哈里发的？”我说：“信士们的长官啊，真主沉默了，祂的使者沉默了，信士们也沉默了。”他说：“以真主发誓，你只是让我更加困惑了。”他说：“信士们的长官啊，先知ﷺ患病八天，比俩勒（Bilal）进来见他，说：‘真主的使者啊，谁来带领众人礼拜？’他说：‘命艾卜·伯克尔带领众人礼拜。’于是艾卜·伯克尔带领众人礼拜了八天，而启示仍在降下。因此，真主的使者ﷺ因真主的沉默而沉默，信士们因真主使者ﷺ的沉默而沉默。”于是（伊本·阿尤什）使（拉希德）感到惊讶，他说：“愿真主赐福于你。” 一些学者从《古兰经》的经文中推论出绥迪格（as-Siddiq）的哈里发地位。哈桑·巴士里谈到真主至高无上的话语：“信道的人啊！你们中谁背弃自己的宗教，真主将以祂所喜爱、也喜爱祂的一群人来代替他们。”（《古兰经》5:54）他说：“这是指艾卜·伯克尔及其同伴。当阿拉伯人背弃伊斯兰时，艾卜·伯克尔及其同伴便对他们发动圣战，直到使他们重新皈依伊斯兰。” 优努斯·伊本·布凯尔传述：盖塔达说：“当先知ﷺ去世时，阿拉伯人背弃了（伊斯兰）。”然后他提到艾卜·伯克尔与他们作战，接着说：“我们过去常说，这节经文是为艾卜·伯克尔及其同伴降示的：‘那么真主将以祂所喜爱、也喜爱祂的一群人来代替他们。’” （古兰经 5:54）伊本·阿比·哈提姆记载，朱瓦巴尔谈到至高者的话："你对落在后面的游牧阿拉伯人说：'你们将被召去（与）强大的民族作战……'"（古兰经 48:

Abu Bakr ash-Shafici narrated, in al-Ghaylaniyyat, and Ibn cAsakir I hat Hafsah, may Allah be pleased with her, said to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ‘When you were ill you gave precedence to Abu Bakr.’ He said, ‘I am not the one who gives precedence to him, but it is Allah Who gives him precedence.’ Ad-Daraqutni narrated, in al-Afradal-Khateeb and Ibn cAsakir that cAli, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to me, ‘I asked Allah to give precedence to you three times, but He refused me save to give precedence to Abu Bakr.’ Ibn Sacd narrated that al-Hasan said: Abu Bakr said, ‘Messenger of Allah, I still see myself (in dream) treading in people’s courtyards.’ He said, ‘You will be, among men, on a way {sabeel)! He said, ‘And I saw on my breast something like two small dark marks.’ He said, ‘Two years.’ Ibn cAsakir narrated that Abu Bakrah said: I came to cUmar, and there were people with him eating. He threw a look among the hindmost of the people to a man and said, ‘What do you find in what you read of the books from before you?’ He said, ‘The khalifah of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is his Siddiq.’ Ibn cAsakir narrated that Muhammad ibn az-Zubayr said: cUmar ibn cAbd al-cAziz sent me to al-Hasan al-Basri to ask him some things. So I came to him and said, ‘Satisfy me regarding that about which people disagree. Did the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, appoint Abu Bakr as khalifahV So al-Hasan who was seated drew himself up and said, ‘Is it in any doubt? You have no father (a proverbial Arabic expression)! By Allah, the One Whom there is no god but Him, he definitely appointed him as khalifah. He was certainly more knowing of Allah, and more fearfully obedient of Him, and more strongly fearful of Him than that he should die upon it without making him take the command.’ Ibn cAdi narrated that Abu Bakr ibn cAyyash said: Ar-Rashid said to me, Abu Bakr, how did the people appoint Abu Bakr as khalifah?’ I said, ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, Allah was silent, and His Messenger was silent and the mu’minun were silent.’ He said, ‘By Allah, you have only increased me in confusion.’ He said, Amir al-Mu’minin, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was sick for eight days and Bilal entered upon him and said, “Messenger of Allah, who should lead the people in prayer?” He said, “Order Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.” So Abu Bakr led the people in prayer for eight days while the revelation was still descending. So the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was silent because of the silence of Allah, and the mu’minun were silent because of the silence of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ So he (Ibn cAyyash) astonished him (ar-Rashid), and he said, ‘May Allah bless you.’ A group of the men of knowledge deduced the khilafah of as-Siddiq from ayat of the Qur’an. Al-Hasan al-Basri said, concerning His words, exalted is He, ‘O you who believe, whoever of you reneges on his deen then Allah will bring a people whom He loves and who love I Uni, ..! (Qur’an 5: 54) — ‘It means Abu Bakr and his companions, lor, when the Arabs reneged on their Islam, Abu Bakr and his t ompanions waged jihad against them until they made them return to Islam.’ Yunus ibn Bukayr narrated that Qatadah said, ‘When the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died, the Arabs reneged (on their Islam).’ Then he mentioned Abu Bakr’s fighting them until lie said, ‘We used to say that this ayah was revealed about Abu Bakr unci his companions, “Then Allah will bring a people whom He loves and who love Him!’ (Qur’an 5: 54)’ Ibn Abi Hatim narrated that Juwaybir said, concerning His words, exalted is He, ‘Say to those who were left behind of the desert Arabs, "You will be called to (fight) a people of great power ...’” (Qur’an 48:

16),"他们是Banu Hanifah。"伊本·阿比·哈提姆和伊本·古太白说:"这节经文证明了as-Siddiq的哈里发地位,因为他是号召人们去讨伐他们的人。"谢赫阿布·哈桑·阿什尔里说:我听阿布·阿拔斯·伊本·舒赖赫说:"as-Siddiq的哈里发地位就在《古兰经》的这节经文(如上)之中。"他说:"因为学者们一致认为,自此经文降示以来,没有任何一场战斗是人们被号召去参加的,除了阿布·伯克尔号召人们去讨伐那些叛教(放弃伊斯兰)和拒绝缴纳天课的人。"他说:"这表明阿布·伯克尔的哈里发地位是必然的,服从他也是义务的,因为真主告诉我们,背离此的人将受到痛苦的惩罚。"伊本·凯西尔说:凡将"大能之人"解释为波斯人和拜占庭人的,那么as-Siddiq就是为征讨他们而装备和准备军队的人,而此事的完成则留给了欧麦尔和奥斯曼,他们是as-Siddiq的两个分支。真主至高无上地说:"真主已应许信道并行善的人,他必使他们在大地上继承哈里发职位……"(《古兰经》24:

16), ‘They were Banu Hanifah.’ Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Qutaybah said, ‘This ayah is a proof of the khilafah of as-Siddiq, because he was the one who called people to fight them.’ Ihe Shaykh Abu’l-Hasan al-Ashcari said: I heard Abu’l-cAbbas Ibn Shurayh saying, ‘The khilafah of as-Siddiq is in the Qur’an in this ayah (above).’ He said, ‘Because the people of knowledge unanimously agree that after its revelation there was not any fight which they were called to except for Abu Bakr’s calling them, and the people, to fight those who reneged (on their Islam) and refused the zakat! He said, ‘That indicates the necessity of the khilafah of Abu Bakr and the obligation of obedience to him, since Allah informs us that the one who turns away from that will be punished painfully.’ Ibn Kathir said: And whoever explains the ‘people of great power’ as being the Persians and the Byzantines then as-Siddiq is the one who equipped and prepared the armies to go against them, and the completion of their affair was left to cUmar and cUthman who are two branches of as-Siddiq. And Allah, exalted is He, says, 'Allah has promised the ones who believe and do right actions that He will definitely appoint them as khulafa’ in the land, ..! (Qur’an 24:

55) 直到该节经文的结尾。这节经文与as-Siddiq的哈里发职位相符。

55) up to the conclusion of the ayah. This ayah fits the khilafah of as-Siddiq.

伊本·阿比·哈提姆在其《tafsir》中记载，阿卜杜·拉赫曼·伊本·阿卜杜·哈米德·al-马赫迪说：授予艾布·伯克尔和欧麦尔权位，在安拉的经典中有明文。安拉至高无上，说：{安拉应许信道并行善的人，必使他们在大地上做哈里发}，直到这节经文的结尾。

Ibn Abi Hatim narrated in his tafsir that cAbd ar-Rahman ibn cAbd al-Hamid al-Mahdi said: The granting of authority to Abu Bakr and cUmar is in the Book of Allah. Allah, exalted is He, says, Allah has promised the ones who believe and do right actions that He will definitely appoint them as khulafa’ in the land, ...’ up to the conclusion of the ayah.

据Al-Khateeb记载，Abu Bakr ibn cAyyash说：Abu Bakr as-Siddiq在《古兰经》中是安拉的使者ﷺ的哈里发，因为安拉至高无上，说：“对于那些被逐出家园、丧失财产、寻求安拉的恩典和喜悦的贫穷的迁徙者，他们帮助安拉和祂的使者，这些人才是诚实的人”（《古兰经》59:8）。安拉称为“诚实的人（siddiquri）”的人，不是说谎者，而他们说了“安拉的使者ﷺ的哈里发”。Ibn Kathir说：这是一个很好的推论。

Al-Khateeb narrated that Abu Bakr ibn cAyyash said: Abu Bakr as-Siddiq is the khalifah of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the Qur’an, because Allah, exalted is He, says, ‘For the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties seeking bounty from Allah and contentment, and they help Allah and His Messenger. Those they are the truthful’ (Qur’an 59: 8). The ones Allah named ‘truthful (siddiquri)' are not liars, and they said, ‘Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah.’ Ibn Kathir said: A good deduction.

Al-Bayhaqi 叙述了 az-Zacfarani 的话：ash-Shafici 说：人们一致认同 Abu Bakr as-Siddiq 的哈里发地位。原因在于，在真主的使者ﷺ去世之后，人们陷入了困境，但他们在天空之下找不到比 Abu Bakr 更优秀的人，于是他们把治理权交给了他。

Al-Bayhaqi narrated from az-Zacfarani that ash-Shafici said: People are unanimously agreed on the khilafah of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq. That is because people were hard pressed after the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, but they did not find under the expanse of the sky one better than Abu Bakr, so they gave him authority over them.

Asad as-Sunnah在他的《Fada'il》中记载，Mu'awiyah ibn Qurrah说：ﷺ的圣门弟子从未怀疑过Abu Bakr是Allah的使者ﷺ的哈里发，他们也不称他为别的，只称他为Allah的使者ﷺ的哈里发；他们也从未一致同意过一个错误或迷误。

Asad as-Sunnah narrated in his Fada’il that Mucawiyah ibn Qurrah said: The Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, never doubted that Abu Bakr was the khalifah of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and they would not call him anything but the khalifah of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and they never agreed unanimously on a mistake or a misguidance.

阿勒·哈基姆记录了这段圣训，并判定其为沙希尔（sahih，圣训真实可信）：伊本·麦斯欧德（愿真主喜悦他）说：穆斯林认为好的事情，在真主看来也是好的；穆斯林认为坏的事情，在真主看来也是坏的。众伴侣都认为应当推举艾布·伯克尔为哈里发。

Al-Hakim narrated, and he declared it sahih, that Ibn Mascud, may Allah be pleased with him, said: What the Muslims view as good is willi Allah good. And what the Muslims view as bad is with Allah had. The Companions all held the view that they should appoint Aim Bakr as the khalifah.

据阿卜杜拉·哈基姆（Al-Hakim）记载，阿兹·达哈比（adh-Dhahabi）认定此段圣训为沙希赫（sahih，可靠），穆拉·塔耶布（Murrah at-Tayyib）说：阿布·苏福扬·伊本·哈尔卜（Abu Sufyan ibn Harb）来见阿里，说：“这个权位怎么会落到古莱氏中最卑微、地位最低的人手里？”他指的是阿布·伯克尔。他说：“以真主发誓，如果我愿意，我可以用骑兵和步兵把它填满来对抗他。”阿里说：“阿布·苏福扬，你与伊斯兰及其信徒敌对了多久？这丝毫没有损害伊斯兰。我们认为阿布·伯克尔配得这个哈里发之位。”

Al-Hakim narrated, and adh-Dhahabi declared it sahih, that Murrah at-Tayyib said: Abu Sufyan ibn Harb came to cAli and mid, ‘What is it with this authority that it is among the very least of Quraysh and the humblest of them?’ meaning Abu Bakr, ‘By Allah, If I had wished I would have filled it against him with horses and men.’ He said that cAli said, ‘How long you have been at enmity with Islam and its people, Abu Sufyan, and that did not hurt it at ull. We found Abu Bakr worthy of it (the khilafah)!