我们两位谢赫都有记载:欧麦尔·本·赫塔卜,愿真主喜悦他,从朝觐归来后向众人讲话,在他的呼图白中说:据传你们中有人说:“若欧麦尔死了,我就向某某宣誓效忠。”任何人都不要自欺,说:“向艾布·伯克尔宣誓效忠是仓促而突然的。”确实如此,但真主保护了我们免受其害。今天你们中没有一人,能像艾布·伯克尔那样让竞争者的脖颈止步不前(这是一句阿拉伯习语)。在使者,愿真主赐福他并使他平安,去世时,他是我们中最优秀的人之一。阿里、祖拜尔和与他们同在的人留在法蒂玛的家中。安索尔全都在巴尼·萨伊代的有顶回廊里远离我们。穆哈吉尔们聚集在艾布·伯克尔周围,于是我对他说:“艾布·伯克尔,让我们去见我们的兄弟安索尔吧!”于是我们前往,直到遇见两位善良的人,他们向我们讲述了众人所做的事。他们说:“穆哈吉尔们,你们打算去哪里?”我说:“我们要去我们的兄弟安索尔那里!”他们说:“你们不可接近他们,而要自己决定你们自己的事,穆哈吉尔们!”我说:“以真主发誓,我们必定要去他们那里。”我们继续前行,直到来到巴尼·萨伊代的有顶回廊,他们都聚集在那里,正中间有一个裹得严严实实的人。我说:“这是谁?”他们说:“萨阿德·本·欧巴代。”我说:“他怎么了?”他们说:“他病了。”我们坐下后,他们的发言人站起来,赞颂真主,因为祂当受赞颂,然后说:“现在,我们是真主的安索尔,是伊斯兰的军队;而你们,穆哈吉尔们,只是我们的一小部分,你们中有一伙人慢慢地来到,想要连根拔除我们,并把我们排除在权力之外。”他沉默后,我想要发言。我已经准备好一篇令我满意的讲话,想在艾布·伯克尔面前发表。 我过去担心他缺乏果断，他比我温和、更宽容，也更有威仪。随后阿布·伯克尔说：“慢慢来。”我不愿惹他生气，而他的学识也比我渊博。以真主发誓，我在事先准备的讲话中想好的每一句得体的话，他都在即兴讲话中说了出来，而且说得同样好，甚至更好，直到他沉默下来。他说：“至于你们提到的那些美德，你们确实当之无愧，但阿拉伯人绝不会承认这项权柄，除非是属于古莱什的这一支。他们在血统和部族上都是阿拉伯人中最尊贵的。我为你们推举这两人中的任何一位都感到满意，你们可以选择向其中一位效忠。”他握住我的手和阿布·欧拜德·本·哲почти·贾拉赫的手，他当时坐在我们中间。他所说的话里，我唯独不喜欢的就是这一点。以真主发誓，即便我被推到前面、被砍下头颅，只要这不是因为我有任何罪过，我也宁愿如此，也不愿去统治一个其中有阿布·伯克尔在场的民族。随后，他们中有一位发言者说：“我是那种人们依靠其谋略而获得安宁的人，我有一个能够支持和保护我的家族（字面意思是：‘我是他们那根被摩擦得发亮的小柱子，是他们那棵受尊敬的小棕榈树’）。让我们这边出一位埃米尔，你们那边也出一位埃米尔，古莱什人。”随后混乱加剧，声音越来越大，我开始担心会引发分裂，于是我说：“伸出你的手，阿布·伯克尔。”他伸出手，我便向他效忠；移民者也向他效忠，然后辅士也向他效忠。以真主发誓，在我们聚集的这件事情上，我们没有找到比向阿布·伯克尔效忠更合适的事了。 我们担心，如果我们离开众人，而没有效忠之誓，他们在我们离去之后会缔结效忠之誓，那时我们就得在一个我们不满意的基础上效忠，或者我们就得反对他们，从而因此引发纷争。

I lie two Shaykhs narrated that cUmar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, addressed the people upon his return from the Hajj and said in his khutbah: It has reached me that so-andso of you said, ‘If cUmar were to die I would pledge allegiance to so-and-so.’ Let no man deceive himself by saying, ‘The pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr was made suddenly and unexpectedly.’ It was like that but Allah protected (us) from the evil of it. There is not among you today one behind whom the necks of competitors stop short (an Arabic expression) like Abu Bakr. He was one of the best of us when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died. cAli and az-Zubayr and those with them stayed back in the house of Fatimah. The Ansar all stayed away from us in the roofed gallery of Bani Sacidah. The Muhajirun gathered around Abu Bakr, so I said to him, ‘Abu Bakr, let us be off to our brethren, the Ansar! So we went off until two good men met us and mentioned to us what the people had done. They said, ‘Where do you intend (going) Muhajirun? I said, ‘We want our brethren the Ansar! They said, ‘You must not approach them, but decide your own affair, Muhajirun! I said, ‘By Allah, we will go to them.’ We went on until we came to them in the roofed gallery of Bani Sacidah and there they were all gathered, and right in the middle of them a man all muffled up. I said, ‘Who is this?’ They said, ‘Sa°d ibn cUbadah.’ I said, What is wrong with him?’ They said, ‘He is in pain.’ When we sat down, their speaker stood, praised Allah as He is worthy and said, ‘And now, we are the Ansar of Allah, and the battalion of Islam and you, Muhajirun, are a handful of us, and a party of you have come at a leisurely pace wishing to uproot us and exclude us from the command.’ When he became silent I wanted to speak. I had prepared a speech that pleased me and which I wanted to deliver in the presence of Abu Bakr. I used to fear in him a lack of incisiveness and he was milder, more forbearing than me and more dignified. Then Abu Bakr said, ‘Gently.’ I disliked to anger him, and he was more knowledgeable than me. By Allah, he did not leave a word that had pleased me in my prepared speech but that he said it in his spontaneous talk, the like of it and better than it until he was silent. He said, ‘Now, as for that good which you have mentioned about yourselves, you are worthy of it, but the Arabs will never recognise this command except among this section of Quraysh. They are the midmost (noblest) of the Arabs by descent and by tribe, and I am contented for you with either of these two men, (so pledge allegiance to) whichever of them you wish.’ He took hold of my hand and the hand of Abu cUbaydah ibn al-Jarrah (and he was seated between us) and I disliked nothing he had said apart from that. It was, by Allah, such that if I were to be put forward and my head struck off, that not approaching me because of any guilt, it would have been more beloved to me than that I should assume command over a people among whom was Abu Bakr. Then a speaker from them said, ‘I am of those by means of whose counsel people seek relief and one having a family that will aid and defend me (literally, ‘I am their much-rubbed little rubbing post and their honoured little palm-tree’). Let there be from us an amir and from you an amir, Quraysh.’ Then the confusion increased and voices were raised until I became afraid of dissension, so I said, 'Stretch out your hand, Abu Bakr,’ and he stretched out his hand Hlid 1 swore allegiance to him, the Muhajirun swore allegiance to him, then the Ansar swore allegiance to him. By Allah, we did not lind in that for which we assembled a matter more fitting than the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr. We feared that if we separated from the people and there was no pledge of allegiance that they would conclude a pledge of allegiance after we had gone, and we would have to pledge allegiance on a basis with which we were not pleased, or we would have to oppose them so that there would be strife over that.

An-Nasa'i、Abu Ya'la 和 al-Hakim(他称其为sahih)记载,Ibn Mas'ud 说:当Allah的使者ﷺ去世时,Ansar 说:"让我们中间出一位amir,你们中间也出一位amir!"'Umar ibn al-Khattab(愿Allah喜悦他)来到他们面前,说:"Ansar 啊,你们不知道Allah的使者ﷺ曾命令Abu Bakr 带领众人(礼拜)吗?那么你们中谁愿意把自己置于Abu Bakr 之前呢?"Ansar 说:"我们求Allah庇护,我们绝不会把自己置于Abu Bakr 之前。" Ibn Sa'd、al-Hakim 和 al-Bayhaqi 记载,Abu Sa'id al-Khudri 说:Allah的使者ﷺ去世后,众人聚集在Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah 的家中,其中有Abu Bakr 和'Umar。Ansar 的演讲者起身,其中一人开始讲话,说:"你们Muhajirun 啊,每当Allah的使者ﷺ任命你们中的某人担任任何职位时,他总会让我们中的一人与之搭配;因此我们认为,应当从我们中任命一人,从你们中任命一人担任这一职务。"Ansar 的演讲者接连就同一主题发言。随后Zayd ibn Thabit 起身说:"你们难道不知道,Allah的使者ﷺ是Muhajirun 中的一员,他的哈里发也出自Muhajirun,而我们曾是Allah的使者ﷺ的Ansar,我们也将如同过去做他的Ansar一样,做Allah的使者ﷺ哈里发的Ansar!"他握住Abu Bakr 的手说:"这就是你们的人。"随后'Umar 向他宣誓效忠,接着Muhajirun 和Ansar 也纷纷宣誓效忠。 Abu Bakr 登上讲坛,审视众人的面容,没有看到az-Zubayr,便召唤az-Zubayr,他便来了。

An-Nasa’i, Abu Yacla and al-Hakim, who declared it sahih, narrated that Ibn Mascud said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was taken, the Ansar said, ‘Let there be from us an amir and from you an amir! cUmar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, came to them and said, 'Ansar, do you not know that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered Abu Bakr to lead the people (in salah)? So which of you would be pleased to give himself precedence O ver Abu Bakr?’ The Ansar said, ‘We seek refuge with Allah that we should give ourselves precedence over Abu Bakr.’ Ibn Sacd, al-Hakim and al-Bayhaqi narrated that Abu Sacid al- Khudri said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died and the people assembled in the house of Sacd ibn °Ubadah and among them were Abu Bakr and cUmar, and the public speakers of the Ansar stood up and one of them began to speak, saying, ‘You men of the Muhajirun, whenever the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and his family and grant them peace, appointed one of you to any position of authority, he paired one of us with him; we think therefore that a man from us and a man from you should be appointed to this command.’ The public speakers of the Ansar followed each other on that same theme. Then Zaid ibn ’ lhabit stood up and said, ‘Do you not know that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was one of the Muhajirun and his khalifah is one of the Muhajirun and we were the Ansar of the Messenger of Allah and we shall be the Ansar of the khalifah of the Messenger of Allah just as we were his Ansar! He took the hand of Abu Bakr and said, ‘This is your man,’ then cUmar swore allegiance to him and then the Muhajirun and the Ansar. Abu Bakr ascended the minbar and looked at people’s faces and did not find az-Zubayr, so he called for az-Zubayr and he came.

他(阿布·伯克尔)说:“你说,‘真主使者的姨表兄弟、他的门徒啊,你们想要分裂穆斯林的团结。’”于是他说:“真主使者的哈里发啊,你没有过错。”他站起来向他宣誓效忠。然后他环顾众人的面容,没有看到阿里,于是召见他,他便来了。他说:“你说,‘真主使者的堂兄弟、他的女婿啊,你们想要分裂穆斯林的团结。’”于是他说:“真主使者的哈里发啊,你没有过错。”他便向他宣誓效忠。

He (Abu Bakr) said, ‘You said, son of the aunt of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his disciple, that you want to break the staff of the Muslims.’ So he said, ‘There is no blame on you Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah,’ and he stood and pledged allegiance to him. Then he looked at the faces of the people and could not see cAli so he summoned him and he came. He said, ‘You said, son of the uncle of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his relation through marriage to his daughter, that you want to break the staff of the Muslims.’ So he said, ‘There is no blame on you, Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah,’ and he pledged allegiance to him.

伊本·伊斯哈格在《传记》中说:祖赫里向我叙述:安纳斯·本·马立克向我叙述,他说:当艾卜·伯克尔在集会大厅被宣誓效忠时,次日,他登上讲坛坐下,欧麦尔起身在艾卜·伯克尔面前讲话,赞颂安拉,并说:“安拉已将你们的权柄集中于你们中最优秀的人身上,他是安拉的使者ﷺ的同伴,是‘当两人在洞中时的第二位’(《古兰经》9:40)。所以请起来向他宣誓效忠吧。”于是民众在集会大厅的效忠之后,向艾卜·伯克尔作了普遍的公开效忠。随后艾卜·伯克尔讲话,赞颂安拉,并说:“诸位,现在我已被授予管理你们的权力,但我并非你们中最优秀的人。如果我行正道,你们就应当协助我;如果我行不义,你们就应当纠正我。诚实是一种神圣的托付,说谎则是背叛。在我看来,你们中的弱者是强者,直到我为他讨回他的权利,如果安拉意欲;你们中的强者是弱者,直到我从他那里取回应得之物,如果安拉意欲。”

Ibn Ishaq said in as-Sirab. az-Zuhri narrated to me: Anas ibn Malik narrated to me and he said: When Abu Bakr was pledged allegiance in the assembly hall, then, on the morrow, he sat upon the minbar and cUmar stood and spoke before Abu Bakr, praised Allah, and said, Allah has gathered your authority to the best of you, the Companion of the Messenger of Allah and the “second of the two when they two were in the cave” (Qur’an 9: 40), so stand and pledge allegiance to him,’ and the people pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr with a general and public allegiance after the allegiance made in the assembly hall. Then Abu Bakr spoke, praised Allah, and said, ‘And now, people, I have been put in authority over you and I am not the best of you. So if I do right then help me, and if I do wrong then put me straight. Truthfulness is a sacred trust and lying is a betrayal. The weak one among you is strong as far as I am concerned until I restore to him his right, inshaAllah, and the strong one of you is weak until I take what is due from him, insha’Allah.

"没有哪个民族放弃圣战（吉哈德）于安拉之道，而安拉不会给他们以屈辱的打击。也没有哪个民族中淫乱之事蔓延，而安拉不使他们陷入考验。只要我遵从安拉和祂的使者，你们就应当服从我；如果我违背安拉和祂的使者，你们就不必服从我。起来礼拜吧，愿安拉怜悯你们。" 穆萨·伊本·欧尔巴在他的《迈加齐》中叙述，哈基姆也记载并判定其为沙希（可靠）：阿卜杜·拉赫曼·伊本·欧夫说：艾布·伯克尔发表讲话（呼图白），说：“以安拉发誓，我从未渴望过领导之位，哪怕只有一天一夜，我也从未想要它，我也从未在暗中或公开地向安拉祈求过它。然而，我是害怕纷争。我在领导之位上将得不到安宁。我被托付了一件重大的事务，对此我既没有力量，也没有能力，除非是靠安拉的扶助。” 阿里和祖拜尔说：“我们之所以生气，只是因为我们在协商时落在了后面，而我们认为艾布·伯克尔是最适合此事的人。他是洞中的同伴，我们知道他的尊贵与美德。使者（愿安拉赐福于他并使他平安）在世时就命他带领众人礼拜。” 伊本·萨阿德记载，易卜拉欣·泰米说：当安拉的使者（愿安拉赐福于他及其家人并使他们平安）去世时，欧麦尔来到艾布·欧拜代·伊本·哲拉哈面前，说：“伸出你的手来，让我向你效忠。”

No people forsake jihad in the way of Allah but that Allah delivers u humiliating blow to them. Nor does indecency ever spread among U people but that Allah envelops them in trials. Obey me as long hs 1 obey Allah and His Messenger, and if I disobey Allah and His Messenger then you do not owe me obedience. Stand up for your prayer, may Allah have mercy upon you.’ Musa ibn cUqbah narrated, in his Maghazi, and al-Hakim, who declared it sahih, that cAbd ar-Rahman ibn cAwf said: Abu Bakr gave an address (khutbah) and said, ‘By Allah, I was never eager for a position of command for even as long as a day or a night, and I never desired it, and I have never asked Allah for it in secret nor openly. However, I was afraid of dissension. I will have no rest in command. I have been invested with a mighty matter for which I have not the energy, nor the power, except it be by Allah’s strengthening.’ cAli and az-Zubayr said, ‘We were not angry except that we were too late for the counsel, and we see Abu Bakr as the person most fitted for it. He was the Companion of the Cave. We know his honour and his excellence. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered him to lead the people in prayer while he was yet alive.’ Ibn Sacd narrated that Ibrahim at-Tamimi said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and his family and grant them peace, died, cUmar came to Abu cUbaydah ibn al-Jarrah and said, ‘Stretch out your hand so that I can pledge allegiance to you.

“你是根据先知的话语，在这个乌玛中值得信赖的人，愿安拉赐福于他并使他平安。”于是艾布·欧拜代对欧麦尔说：“自从我皈依伊斯兰以来，我从未想过你在心智上会如此软弱。当你们中间有‘二者之一’的誠實者（as-Siddiq）时，你会向我宣誓效忠吗？”穆罕默德·本·艾布·伯克尔说，艾布·伯克尔对欧麦尔说：“伸出你的手，让我向你宣誓效忠。”欧麦尔对他说：“你比我优秀。”艾布·伯克尔对他说：“你比我更有力量。”他反复说了几遍，但欧麦尔说：“我的力量将与你的美德一同属于你。”于是他向艾布·伯克尔宣誓效忠。

You are the trusted one of this ummah according to the tongue of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ So Abu "Ubaydah said to cUmar, ‘I never thought you weak in your mind before this, since I became a Muslim. Would you pledge allegiance to me when among you there is as-Siddiq, the “second of the two”?’ Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr said that Abu Bakr said to cUmar, ‘Stretch out your hand so that I can pledge allegiance to you.’ cUmar said to him, You are better than me.’ Abu Bakr said to him, ‘You are stronger than me,’ and he repeated it, but cUmar said, ‘My strength shall be for you along with your merit,’ and he swore allegiance to him.

艾哈迈德传述,胡迈德·伊本·阿卜杜·拉赫曼·伊本·欧夫说:安拉的使者ﷺ去世时,艾布·伯克尔正与麦地那的一些人在一起。他前来揭开使者ﷺ的面容,亲吻他,并说:“愿我的父亲和母亲为您赎身,您在生前和死后都是何等的美好。穆罕默德ﷺ已经去世了,凭克尔白的主发誓!”然后他提到了圣训的其余部分,接着说:

Ahmad narrated that Humayd ibn cAbd ar-Rahman ibn cAwf said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died while Abu Bakr was with some of the people of Madinah, so he came and uncovered his face and kissed him and said, ‘May my father and mother be your ransom, how sweet you are in life and death. Muhammad has died, by the Lord of the Kacbah!’ and he mentioned the rest of the hadith and then he said:

艾布·伯克尔和欧麦尔匆忙出发，直到他们来到了那里。

Abu Bakr and cUmar went off in haste until they came to them.

然后阿布·伯克尔发言,凡是安萨尔人方面真主所降示的、以及使者ﷺ所提及的有关他们的内容,他一样都没有遗漏,都提到了。他说:“你们知道,真主的使者ﷺ曾说:‘如果人们走在一条山谷中,而安萨尔人走在另一条山谷中,我会走安萨尔人所走的山谷。’你们知道,萨德,当你们坐着的时候,真主的使者ﷺ曾说:‘古莱什人是这件事的领导者,人类中最优秀的人将跟随古莱什中最优秀的人,人类中最差的人将跟随古莱什中最差的人。’”于是萨德对他说:“你说得对。我们是辅佐者,你们是统治者。” 伊本·阿萨基尔转述,阿布·赛义德·胡德里说:阿布·伯克尔被宣誓效忠时,他看到人们有些沮丧,于是说:“是什么阻碍你们?我不是最有资格担任这一职位的人吗?我不是最先皈依伊斯兰的人吗?”

Then Abu Bakr spoke and he didn’t leave out anything that Allah had revealed about the Ansar nor anything that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had mentioned about them but that he mentioned it, and he said, ‘You know that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “If mankind were to travel in one valley and the Ansar were to travel in another valley, I would travel in the valley of th & Ansar” You know, Sacd, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said while you were seated, “Quraysh are the authorities of this matter, and the best of mankind will follow the best of them and the worst of them will follow the worst of them.’” So Sacd said to him, ‘You have told the truth. We are the deputies and you are the commanders.’ Ibn cAsakir narrated that Abu Sacid al-Khudri said: When Abu Bakr was pledged allegiance, he saw some dejection among people and so he said, ‘What is holding you back? Am I not the one with the most right to this command? Am I not the first to accept Islam?

“我不是……吗？我不是……吗？”他又提到了各种品质。

Am I not ...? Am I not ...?’ and he mentioned various qualities.

艾哈迈德记载,阿尔-拉非尔·阿塔伊说:艾布·伯克尔告诉我他的效忠宣誓的经过,以及安萨尔所说的话和欧麦尔所说的话。他说:"于是他们向我宣誓效忠,我接受了他们的效忠。我担心会出现分裂,以及随之而来的背教。"伊本·伊斯哈格和伊本·阿比德在他的《迈加齐》中记载,他(阿尔-拉非尔)对艾布·伯克尔说:"是什么让你揽下了管理民众的权力,而你却禁止我统领哪怕两个人?"他说:"我找不到任何摆脱的办法。我担心穆罕默德ﷺ的乌玛会出现分裂。" 艾哈迈德记载,盖斯·本·艾比·哈齐姆说:"在安拉的使者ﷺ去世一个月后,我与艾布·伯克尔·绥迪格同坐。"然后他提到了这段经历。"接着人们中间响起了呼喊:'召唤拜功了。'人们聚集起来,他登上讲坛,说道:'我多么希望有他人替我来承担这项权力。如果你们以你们先知的逊奈来追究我,我是承担不起的。他受到了沙塔尼的庇护,启示也从天上降临到他身上。'" 伊本·赛阿德记载,哈桑·巴士里说:艾布·伯克尔被宣誓效忠之后,他站起来向人们讲话说:"现在,我已被委以这项权力,而我厌恶它。

Ahmad narrated that ar-Rafic at-Ta’i said: Abu Bakr told me about his pledge of allegiance and what the Ansar had said, and what cUmar had said, and he said, ‘So they pledged allegiance to me and I accepted it from them. I was afraid that there would be dissension and, after it, reneging (from Islam).’ Ibn Ishaq and Ibn cAbid, in his Maghazi, from him that he (ar-Rafic) said to Abu Bakr, ‘What made you take upon yourself the governance of the people and you forbade me taking command of (even) two people?’ He said, ‘I could not find any escape from that. I was afraid of division in the ummah of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ Ahmad narrated that Qais ibn Abi Hazim said, ‘I sat with Abu Bakr as-Siddiq a month after the death of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,’ and he mentioned his story. ‘Then the cry went up among people, “The prayer is summoned.” People gathered and he ascended the minbar then said, “I would love that someone other than me would take care of this authority for me. If you take me to task by the Sunnah of your Prophet I am not up to it. He was protected from the shaytan, and revelation used to descend upon him from heaven.’” Ibn Sacd narrated that al-Hasan al-Basri said: When Abu Bakr was pledged allegiance he stood addressing the people and said, ‘Now, I have been put in charge of this authority and I dislike it.

以安拉发誓，我真希望你们中有人能替我承担此事。如果你们指责我在你们中间的行为与先知的行为相同，我无法承担这一点。先知ﷺ是一位仆人，安拉以启示尊崇他，并借此保护他（使他免于错误）。我只是一个普通人，与你们中的任何人并无两样。请监督我，如果你们看到我走在正道上，就跟随我；如果你们看到我偏离了正道，就把我纠正过来。

By Allah, I would love that one of you would take care of it for me. If you charge me with acting among you with the like of the action of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, I cannot undertake that. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was a slave whom Allah honoured with revelation and protected him by it (from error). I am only human. I am no better than any of you. Take care of me, and if you see me going straight then follow me and if you see me deviating then set me straight.

“要知道，我身上有一个缠住我的恶魔（沙坦）。所以当你们看到我发怒时，就远离我，免得我在你们的毛发和皮肤上留下痕迹和伤印。”伊本·萨德记载；海推布在马立克的传述中也记载，乌尔瓦说：阿布·伯克尔被任命为哈里发后，向众人发表演说。他赞美真主，然后说：“现在，我被任命来管理你们，但我并非你们中最优秀的人。”

Know that I have a shaytan who seizes upon me; when you see me becoming angry then avoid me, so that I do not leave traces and marks on your hairs and your-skins.’ Ibn Sacd narrated, and al-Khateeb, in the narration of Malik, that cUrwah said: When Abu Bakr was appointed, he addressed people with a khutbah. He praised Allah and said, ‘Now, I have been appointed in command over you and I am not the best of you.

然而，《古兰经》降示之后，先知ﷺ确立了各种惯行的逊奈，我们也因此受教、因此学习。所以，人们啊，应当知道：最敏锐、最有智慧的人，是最敬畏、最顺从（taqwa，敬畏）的人；最无能的无能，是邪恶；你们中最强的人，在我看来是弱者，直到我为他取回他的权利；你们中最弱的人，在我看来是强者，直到我从他那里取回他应当交出的东西。人们啊，我只是一个追随者，不是创新者。所以，如果我做得好，请帮助我；如果我偏离了正道，请纠正我。我说了这些话，并为我自己和你们求饶于安拉。”马立克说：“没有人能够成为伊玛目（即埃米尔）……”

However, the Qur’an was revealed, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, laid down as customary different sunnahs and we were taught, so we learnt. So, know, people, that the most acute of sharp intellect is (he who has) the most fearful obedience (,tuqa); that the most incapable (form) of incapacity is wickedness; that the strongest of you, as far as I am concerned, is the weak one until I take his right for him; and that the weakest of you, as far as I am concerned, is the strong one until I take from him what he is due (to give). People, I am only a follower, I am not an innovator, so that if I do well, help me and if I deviate then put me straight. I say these words of mine and I seek the forgiveness of Allah for me and for you.’ Malik said, ‘No-one will ever be an imam (i.e. amir)

“除非在这个条件下。”哈基姆在其《穆斯塔德拉克》中记载，艾布·忽赖勒（愿安拉喜悦他）说：安拉的使者ﷺ去世时，麦加地震，艾布·古哈法听到后说：“这是什么？”人们说：“安拉的使者ﷺ去世了。”他说：“这是件大事。谁在他之后接管了权柄？”人们说：“你的儿子。”他说：“阿卜杜·马纳夫的后裔和穆吉拉的后裔都满意吗？”人们说：“是的。”他说：“他们所扶起的，无人能放下；他们所放下的，无人能扶起。”瓦基迪以多种途径记载，阿伊莎、伊本·欧麦尔、赛义德·本·穆萨伊卜等人叙述道：安拉的使者ﷺ去世那天，即希贾历十一年赖比尔·阿瓦勒月十二日夜、星期一，艾布·伯克尔被宣誓效忠。

unless on this condition.’ Al-Hakim narrated in his Mustadrak that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died, Makkah was shaken with an earthquake and Abu Quhafah heard that and said, ‘What is this?’ They said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, has died.’ He said, ‘A momentous thing. Who has undertaken the command after him?’ They said, ‘Your son.’ He said, ‘Are Banu cAbd Manaf and Banu al-Mughirah contented with that?’ They said, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘No-one may put down what they raise up and no-one may raise up what they put down.’ Al-Waqidi narrated in a variety of ways that cA’ishah, Ibn cUmar, Sacid ibn al-Musayyab and others relate that Abu Bakr was pledged allegiance on the day that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died, on Monday the 12th night of Rabic al-Awwal in the eleventh year of the Hijrah.

at-Tabarani在《al-Awsat》中记载，伊本·欧麦尔说：阿布·伯克尔从未坐在安拉的使者ﷺ在讲坛上坐过的那个位置，直到他与安拉相见。欧麦尔也没有坐在阿布·伯克尔坐过的位置，直到他与安拉相见；欧斯曼也没有坐在欧麦尔的位置，直到他与安拉相见。

At-Tabarani narrated in al-Awsat that Ibn cUmar said: Abu Bakr never sat on that place upon which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sat upon the minbar until he met Allah. cUmar did not sit on the place Abu Bakr sat until he met Allah and cUthman did not sit in cUmar’s place until he met Allah.