早在铜石并用时代(公元前4000至前3200年),巴勒斯坦与埃及之间就已存在国际贸易,当时巴勒斯坦向埃及出口铜。此外,在埃及发现了大量这一时期的巴勒斯坦(“迦南”)陶器——这些陶罐在巴勒斯坦制造,并被运往埃及,推测是用作盛放葡萄酒和橄榄油的容器(Grainger 2016: 27)。

The international trade between Palestine and Egypt dates back to the Chalcolithic period (4000‒3200 BC), during which Palestine exported copper to Egypt. Also, a large amount of Palestinian (‘Canaanite’) pottery from this period was discovered in Egypt – pots manufactured in Palestine and transported to Egypt presumably as containers of wine and olive oil (Grainger 2016: 27).

然而,"巴勒斯坦"这一名称最早出现在晚青铜时代的埃及史料中,与埃及人在拉美西斯二世、拉美西斯三世和梅尼普塔统治时期为控制非利士人所进行的斗争有关(公元前1276至1178年)。

However, the name Palestine first occurs in Egyptian sources from the Late Bronze Age in relation to the Egyptian struggle to control the Philistines during the reigns of Ramesses II and III and of Merneptah (1276‒1178

BC）。事实上，“巴勒斯坦”（Palestine）这一名称最初源自三千二百年前有文献记载的名称“Peleset”，用来指代黎凡特南部的人民。他们是埃及铭文中提到的“利比亚人”的盟友。这些铭文包括梅伦普塔赫石碑（Merneptah Stele），该碑记载了埃及对利比亚的胜利。这些利比亚人的盟友除了Peleset之外，还包括若干民族，其中一些名称可以辨认。这些名称包括Shardana（撒丁岛）、Ekwesh、Teresh、Tjekker、Lukka、Kheta（Hatti = 赫梯）、Amor（Amurru）、Shasw（西奈半岛的贝都因人），以及可能包括梅伦普塔赫石碑中的Asher或Israel。

BC). In fact, the name Palestine originally derives from the 3200-year-old documented name Peleset, used to refer to the people in southern Levant, allies of the ‘Libyans’,3 who are mentioned in Egyptian inscriptions, including the Merneptah Stele, which celebrates the Egyptian victory over Libya. These allies of the Libyans include a number of peoples besides the Peleset, some of whose names are identifiable. These names include the Shardana (Sardinia), the Ekwesh, the Teresh, the Tjekker, the Lukka, the Kheta (Hatti = Hittite), the Amor (Amurru), the Shasw (Bedouin in the Sinai), including possibly the Asher or Israel of the Merneptah Stele.

随着非利士人与其他人口的融合，“佩莱塞特”这一名称取代了“贾希”，成为整个地区的主要地名。

Following the integration of the Philistines with other population, the name Peleset succeeded the name Djahi as the dominant toponym for the region as a whole.

从青铜时代晚期起，必须强调的是，用于指称南黎凡特地区的名称，如Djahi、Retenu和Cana’an，都逐渐让位于Palestine这一名称，该名称在公元前8至7世纪的亚述铭文中最为常见。以部分代整体的方式指称，Palestine逐渐用来指代南黎凡特更广阔的地区。Palashtu、Piliste（或Philistia），字面意为“Peleset之地”（希腊文：Γη των Φυλιστιειμ），都指南黎凡特。这一更广泛的概念不仅包括著名的非利士城市：加沙、以革伦、迦特、亚实突、阿斯卡伦、亭拿。5

From the Late Bronze Age onwards, it should be stressed, the names used for the region of the southern Levant, such as Djahi, Retenu and Cana’an, all gave way to Palestine, the name most commonly used in 8th and 7th century Assyrian inscriptions. Using a ‘part for the whole’ designation, Palestine came to refer to the greater region (Palashtu, Piliste (or Philistia), literally the ‘land of the Peleset’ (Greek: Γη των Φυλιστιειμ), of the southern Levant. This wider conception included not only the wellknown cities of Philistia: Gaza, Ekron, Gath,4 Ashdod, Ascalon, Timnah5

……以及Tantur，但它也用于指代该国内陆地区，并逐渐成为指从黎巴嫩到埃及整个地区的更广泛称谓。

and Tantur, but served also for the interior of the country and gradually as a wider designation for the whole area from Lebanon to Egypt.

有趣的是，非利士（Philistia）几乎所有城市的地名——加沙（Ghazzah）、阿什凯伦（‘Asqalan）、阿什杜德（Isdud）、坦图拉（Tantura）、迦特（Jat）、以革伦（‘Aqir）——都保留到了现代，并保存在现代巴勒斯坦阿拉伯语的地名之中，而这些城镇大多在1948年被以色列驱离居民。

Interestingly also, almost all the toponyms of the cities of Philistia: Gaza (Ghazzah), Askelon (‘Asqalan), Ashdod (Isdud6), Tantur (Tantura), Gath (Jat), Ekron (‘Aqir) survived into the modern era and were preserved in the modern Palestinian Arabic names and were mostly depopulated by Israel in 1948.