2.4 托勒密世界地图上的巴勒斯坦：塞琉古与托勒密王朝时期希腊地理学家和历史学家对“Palaestina”一词的使用 - 巴勒斯坦:四千年的历史 | Quran Course

2.4 托勒密世界地图上的巴勒斯坦：塞琉古与托勒密王朝时期希腊地理学家和历史学家对“Palaestina”一词的使用 - 巴勒斯坦:四千年的历史 | Quran Course

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2.4 托勒密世界地图上的巴勒斯坦：塞琉古与托勒密王朝时期希腊地理学家和历史学家对“Palaestina”一词的使用

2.4 Palaestina On The World Map Of Ptolemy: The Use Of The Term Palaestina By Greek Geographers And Historians During The Seleucid And Ptolemaic Empires

by Nur Masalha2 min readViewed 159 times

另一位希腊化世界的巨匠，极具影响力的亚历山大城制图学家与作家托勒密：克劳狄乌斯·托勒密（约公元100年—约170年）

Another giant of the Hellenistic world, the highly influential Alexandrian cartographer and writer Ptolemy: Claudius Ptolemaeus (c. AD 100–c. 170)

托勒密绘制了第一幅已知描绘巴勒斯坦的地图;托勒密清楚地区分了所谓的叙利亚-科伊勒、腓尼基和巴勒斯坦,证明后者被构想和视为一个独立的自治实体。地名叙利亚-科伊勒或科伊勒-叙利亚(希腊文:Κοίλη Συρία,Koíle Syría;拉丁文:Cava Syria;英文:Hollow-Syria)常被一些历史学家与现代杜撰的术语"南叙利亚"混为一谈或等同起来(例如Cohen 2006: 41)。这一策略部分旨在掩盖历史上的巴勒斯坦作为一个地缘政治单位的存在,从而否认"巴勒斯坦"一词在整个古典时代的广泛使用。

produced the first known map to describe Palestine; Ptolemy clearly distinguished between the so-called Syria-Coele, Phoenicia and Palestine, proving the latter was conceived and treated as a separate and autonomous entity. The toponym Syria-Coele or Coele-Syria (Greek: Κοίλη Συρία, Koíle Syría; Latin: Cava Syria; English: Hollow-Syria) is often confounded or equated by some historians with the modern invented term ‘Southern Syria’ (e.g. Cohen 2006: 41). This strategy is partly designed to camouflage the existence of historic Palestine as a geo-political unit, thereby denying the widespread use of the term Palestine throughout Classical Antiquity.

如我们下面将看到的,"Filastin"与"Palaestina"也出现在十二、十四和十五世纪地图学家穆罕默德·伊德里西(Muhammad al-Idrisi)、皮耶罗·韦斯孔特(Pietro Vesconte)、马里诺·萨努多(Marino Sanudo)和弗拉·毛罗(Fra Mauro)的世界地图上。当然,"世界地图"不仅仅是对空间与现实的再现,它们是为交通和航海的实际用途而设计的,供商人和前往圣地朝圣的人使用;世界地图往往也体现并实现了权力,是为帝国和国家建设者而制作的。托勒密的世界地图也不例外;它在多个世纪中被制作、复制和修订,以推动不同势力的政治议程。这幅地图最初被用来扩张罗马帝国。九世纪时,托勒密的《地理学》和地图被从希腊文译为阿拉伯文,并在花剌子密(780–约850)对地中海地区、中东、非洲和亚洲的校正性制图中发挥了作用,他的科学著作和地理世界地图则服务于穆斯林的全球贸易以及以巴格达为中心的阿拔斯国家。十九世纪末,托勒密的地图被英国巴勒斯坦勘探基金会的克劳德·赖尼尔·康德(Claude Reignier Conder)复制,并用于推进英国在近东和巴勒斯坦的帝国野心。

As we shall see below, Filastin and Palaestina are also found on the world maps of cartographers Muhammad al-Idrisi, Pietro Vesconte, Marino Sanudo and Fra Mauro in the 12th, 14th and 15th centuries. Of course, ‘world maps’ were not just about representations of space and reality, they were designed for practical purposes of traffic and navigation and for the use of traders and pilgrims to the holy places; world maps often provided an expression and fulfilment of power and were produced for empires and state-builders. Ptolemy’s world map was no exception; it was produced, reproduced and revised to promote the political agendas of different powers across many centuries. The map was first used to expand the Roman Empire. In the 9th century Ptolemy’s Geography and map were translated from Greek into Arabic and played a role in the corrective cartography of al-Khawarizmi (780–c. 850) in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, Africa and Asia, and his scientific work and geographic world map was used in the service of the Muslim global trade and the Baghdad-based Abbasid state. In the late 19th century Ptolemy’s map was reproduced by Claude Reignier Conder, of the British Palestine Exploration Fund, and used to advance British imperial ambitions in the Near East and Palestine.