在七块已知的亚述泥板和楔形文字铭文中，亚述人在不同时期称与现代巴勒斯坦相关的地区为“Palashtu”“Palastu”或“Pilistu”，并称居住在该地区的人为巴勒斯坦人：“pa-la-as-ta-a-a”。这一称呼始于亚述国王阿达德-尼拉里三世（公元前811年至公元前783年在位）的“尼姆鲁德铭文”（约公元前800年），一直延续到以撒哈东（公元前681年至公元前669年在位）时期。

In seven known Assyrian clay tablet and Cuneiform inscriptions from different periods the Assyrians called the region connected with modern Palestine ‘Palashtu’, ‘Palastu’ or ‘Pilistu’, and called the people who lived in this region Palestinians: ‘pa-la-as-ta-a-a’, beginning with the King of Assyria Adad-Nirari III (from 811 BC to 783 BC) in the ‘Nimrud inscriptions’ in 800 BC through to Esarhaddon (who reigned 681 to 669 BC)

又过了一个多世纪(Room 2006: 285; 另见 Smith, G. 1875: 115)。尼姆鲁德铭文于1854年由威廉·洛夫图斯(William Loftus)在尼姆鲁德的发掘中发现。尼姆鲁德是一座重要的古亚述城市,原名卡鲁(Kalhu),位于伊拉克城市摩苏尔以南30公里处,大约在公元前1250年至公元前610年间是亚述的战略要地。这些铭文是对阿达德-尼拉里三世(Adad-Nirari III)铭文研究得最为充分的一批,因为其中包括对早期亚述人在巴勒斯坦和叙利亚的战役的描述。阿萨-尼拉里三世统治时期的铭文《萨巴阿石碑》(Saba'a Stele)的文本,由美国亚述学家、芝加哥大学教授丹尼尔·卢肯比尔(Daniel Luckenbill,1881‒1927)译为:

more than a century later (Room 2006: 285; also Smith, G. 1875: 115). The Nimrud inscriptions were discovered in 1854 by William Loftus in his excavations at Nimrud, a major ancient Assyrian city originally known as Kalhu. Located 30 kilometres south of the Iraqi city of Mosul, Nimrud was a strategic Assyrian city between approximately 1250 BC and 610 BC. They are among the best studied of the inscriptions of Adad-Nirari III, since they include a description of early Assyrian campaigns in Palestine and Syria. The text of the Saba’a Stele, the inscription of the reign of Asas-nirari III, was translated by Daniel Luckenbill (1881‒1927), an American Assyriologist and Professor at the University of Chicago, as:

在我执政的第五年,我庄严地坐上王座,召集全国参战。我下令让亚述庞大的军队向非利士[Pa-la-áš-tu]进军。

In the fifth year [of my official rule] I sat down solemnly on my royal throne and called up the country [for war]. I ordered the numerous army of Assyria to march against Philistia [Pa-la-áš-tu].

我渡过了泛滥的幼发拉底河。至于那些在我父亲沙姆希-阿达德时代反叛、拒绝缴纳定期贡赋的众多敌对君王,或者将他们压服[并],依照亚述、辛、沙玛什、阿达德和伊什塔尔的命令,我对诸神的信赖……我收到了他们带到亚述的全部贡赋……

I crossed the Euphrates at its flood. As to the numerous hostile kings who had rebelled in the time of my father Shamshi-Adad and had wi[thheld] their regular [tributes], or overwhelmed them [and] upon the command of Asur, Sin, Shamash, Adad (and) Ishtar, my trust [in] gods ... I received all the tributes … which they brought to Assyria.

我命令向大马士革[Ša-imērišu]这个国家进军。

I ordered [to march] against the country Damascus [Ša-imērišu].

（Luckenbill 1926: 260‒261）

(Luckenbill 1926: 260‒261)

碑文继续写道：

The inscription goes on:

我征服了从幼发拉底河岸起的疆域，赫梯之地，阿摩利全境，推罗之地，西顿之地，欧姆里之地，以东之地，巴勒斯坦之地，直至落日之处的大海。我向他们征收贡赋（并）

I subdued [the territory stretching] from the bank of the Euphrates, the land of Hatti, the land of Amurru in its entirety, the land of Tyre, the land of Sidon, the land of Humri, the land of Edom, the land of Palastu, as far as the great sea of the setting sun. I imposed tax (and)

tribute upon them. (Grayson 1996: 212; 另见 Luckenbill 1926; Smith, G. 1875: 115)

tribute upon them. (Grayson 1996: 212; see also Luckenbill 1926; Smith, G. 1875: 115)

巴勒斯坦人也被提及于尼姆鲁德书信中。这些书信包含了亚述国王提格拉特-皮列色三世和萨尔贡二世统治时期的王室往来楔形文字文书。其中的往来信件包括库尔迪-阿舒尔-拉穆尔致提格拉特-皮列色三世的信，其年代约为公元前735年。

The Palestinians are also mentioned in the Nimrud Letters, which contain Cuneiform texts of royal correspondence from the reigns of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II of Assyria. The correspondence includes the letter of Qurdi-Ashur-lamur to Tiglath-Pileser III, dated c. 735 BC:

关于推罗的统治者,国王曾说:"要善待他"。所有的码头都供他支配。他的臣民随意进出仓库,从事贸易。黎巴嫩山脉对他开放;他们随意上下山,把木材运下来。对他们运下来的木材,我征收税款。我已在整个黎巴嫩山脉的海关(关卡)任命了税务官,他们负责看守港口。我曾为那些要进入位于西顿的海关的人任命了一名税务官,但西顿人把他赶走了。于是我派遣伊图阿部队进入黎巴嫩山脉。他们使民众恐惧,之后对方派人前来,把税务官接回,并带回西顿。我就这样对他们说:

Concerning the ruler of Tyre, about whom the king said: ‘Talk nicely to him’, all the wharves are at their disposal. His subjects enter and leave the warehouses at will, and trade. The Lebanon range is accessible to him; they go up and down at will and bring lumber down. On the lumber they bring down I impose a tax. I have appointed tax inspectors over the customs [houses] of the entire Lebanon range, [and] they keep the watch on the harbour. I appointed a tax inspector [for those who[ were going down into the custom houses which are in Sidon, [but] the Sidonians chased him away. Thereupon I sent the Itu’a contingent into the Lebanon range. They terrified the people, [so that] afterwards they sent a message and fetched the tax inspector [and] brought [him] into Sidon. I spoke to them in these terms:

"把木材运下来，在上面做你的工作，但不要交给埃及人或巴勒斯坦人[pa-la-as-ta-a-a]，否则我不会让你们上山去。"（引自 Saggs 2001: 155‒157）

‘Bring down lumber, do your work on it, [but] do not deliver it to the Egyptians or Palestinians [pa-la-as-ta-a-a] or I shall not let you go up to the mountains’. (Cited in Saggs 2001: 155‒157)

四十年之后,记载公元前694年左右亚述首都改良工程的《西拿基立年鉴》提到了巴勒斯坦人。

Four decades later, the annals of the Sennacherib, a record of improvements in the Assyrian capital in c. 694 BC, mention the Palestinians.

编年史记载了"Kue和Hilakku的人民、Pilisti和Tyre"（"Ku-e u Hi-lak-ku Pi-lis-tu u Sur-ri"）（Luckenbill 1924: 104），而在公元前675年，另一份亚述记录，即其继任者以萨哈东的条约，则将du-u'-ri（Dor或Tantur）标识为"在pi-lis-te地区"（Pilistu或Peleset）。

The annals speak of the ‘the people of Kue and Hilakku, Pilisti and Tyre’ (‘Ku-e u Hi-lak-ku Pi-lis-tu u Sur-ri’) (Luckenbill 1924: 104), while another Assyrian record of his successor, the treaty of Esarhaddon, in 675 BC identifies du-u’-ri (Dor or Tantur) ‘in the district of pi-lis-te’7 (Pilistu or Peleset).

较早的亚述泥板——萨尔贡二世的《棱柱A》，一篇约公元前717年的铭文，记述了萨尔贡二世的战役——提到皮利斯图地区并入亚述帝国。Pi-lis-te或Pi-lis-tu是亚述人对非利士人的称呼，而Peleset则是埃及人对拉美西斯二世和三世在位期间所谓“海上民族”之一的称呼。拉美西斯三世时期的一则铭文中使用了“佩勒塞特之地”一词。埃及人使用的peleset一词指的是范围不定的区域，可能包括南部和中部沿海地区，也可能包括内陆地区。

An earlier Assyrian tablet, Sargon II’s Prism A, an inscription dating to c. 717 BC, which describes describes Sargon II’s campaigns, speaks of the incorporation of the region of Pilistu into the Assyrian Empire. Pi-lis-te or Pi-lis-tu is the Assyrian name for the Philistines, while Peleset is the Egyptian name for one of the so-called Sea Peoples throughout the reigns of Ramesses II and III. The ‘land of the Peleset’ is used in an inscription from the reign of Ramesses III. The Egyptian use of peleset refers to indefinite areas which possibly include the southern and central coast, but might also include areas inland.