10.9 1949年以色列国防军希伯来地名委员会:本土化欧洲定居者与自我更名
10.9 The Israeli Army’s Hebrew Names Committee Of 1949: Indigenising The European Settlers And Self-renaming
英国犹太裔历史学家路易斯·伯恩斯坦·纳米尔爵士(1888–1960)于1907年移居英国,是长期的犹太复国主义者,也是哈伊姆·魏茨曼的密切好友和同僚。他还曾担任犹太事务署驻巴勒斯坦的政治秘书(1929–1931)。纳米尔出生于今属波兰的地区,原名为卢德维克·涅米罗夫斯基,但他对犹太复国主义的忠诚并未阻止其姓名的英国化。 在英美的犹太复国主义者中,来自东欧的移民改名是英国化或美国化进程的一部分;而在巴勒斯坦,犹太复国主义定居者的改名则始于委任统治时期,并成为移民定居者希伯来化和圣经化的重要组成部分(Brisman 2000: 129)。这一举措由以色列第二任总统伊扎克·本-茨维发起,本-古里安也曾致函军队军官,称他们有道德责任率先将自己的名字希伯来化,以身作则。因此,军队设立了希伯来名字委员会,为军官和士兵提议希伯来名字。该委员会负责人莫迪凯·尼姆察-比(1903–1949)编写了一本小册子。编纂者提出了四类建议的希伯来名字:家族姓氏、塔奈姆19和阿摩拉伊姆的名字,20
British Jewish historian Sir Lewis Bernstein Namier (1888–1960), who immigrated to the UK in 1907, was a long-time Zionist and a close friend and associate of Chaim Weizmann. He also worked as political secretary for the Jewish Agency in Palestine (1929–1931). Namier was born Ludwik Niemirowski in what is now part of Poland, and his devotion to Zionism did not prevent the Anglicisation of his name. While name changing among British or American Zionist Jews who emigrated from Eastern Europe became part of the process of Anglicisation or Americanisation, name changing in Palestine among Zionist settlers began during the Mandatory period and became an integral part of the Hebrewisation and biblicisation of the immigrant settlers (Brisman 2000: 129). The initiative was begun by Yitzhak ben-Tzvi, the second President of Israel, and by a directive written by Ben-Gurion to army officers that it was their moral duty to Hebraicise their names as an example. As a result the Army set up a Hebrew Names Committee to propose Hebrew names to officers and soldiers in the Army. A booklet was compiled by Mordechai Nimtsa-Bi (1903‒1949), the head of the Names Committee. The compilers offered four groups of suggested Hebrew name: family names, names of Taanim19 and Amoraim,20
圣经人名和希伯来人名。几年后,Yaakov Arikha 编纂了一份类似的名单,题为 Behar likha shem mishpaha ‘Ivri(为自己选择一个希伯来姓氏)。这本小册子于 1954 年在耶路撒冷出版,出版方为以色列希伯来语学院(该学院取代了 Eliezer Ben-Yehuda 的希伯来语委员会,见下文)。小册子包括如何更改姓氏的建议,以及作为示例的希伯来姓氏列表(Brisman 2000: 129)。
biblical names and Hebrew personal names. A similar list was compiled a few years later by Yaakov Arikha under the title, Behar likha shem mishpaha ‘Ivri (Select for yourself a Hebrew family name). The booklet, published in Jerusalem in 1954 by the Israeli Academy for the Hebrew Language (which had replaced the Hebrew language Committee of Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, see below) included advice on how to change family names, and lists of Hebrew names serving as an example (Brisman 2000: 129).