古典古代与希腊化时期（公元前500年至公元前135年）是巴勒斯坦生活记录最为丰富、保存也较为完好的时期之一。这一时期，最早的一批著名历史学家和古代作家，包括希罗多德和亚里士多德，都曾详细记述过这片土地。巴勒斯坦在战略、商业和文化上的重要性，引起了各个希腊化君主、军事指挥官、商人、旅行者、制图师和学者的极大兴趣，他们也因此对这片土地及其居民进行了细致的考察。

Classical Antiquity and the Hellenistic period from 500 BC to 135 BC is one of the periods when records of life in Palestine were numerous and well-kept. This is also a period in which the first famous historians and authors of Antiquity, including Herodotus and Aristotle, wrote about the country in detail, and the strategic, commercial and cultural importance of Palestine to the various Hellenistic monarchs, military commanders, traders, travellers, cartographers and scientists led to great interest, and close examination of the country and its people.

在公元前5世纪的古希腊，"巴勒斯坦"一词也被广泛用来指代与现代巴勒斯坦相关的整个地区。

The term Palestine was also extensively used in referring to the entire area connected with modern Palestine in 5th century BC Ancient Greece.

名称Παλαιστίνη（Phalastin）被古希腊最重要的历史学家、制图学家、作家、哲学家和科学家广泛使用，其中包括希罗多德、亚里士多德和托勒密。希腊-罗马-拜占庭时期的名称“Palestine”常见于重要的古希腊典籍之中，尤其是希罗多德的《历史》，该书大约成书于公元前5世纪中叶。

The name Παλαιστίνη (Phalastin) was widely used by the most important ancient Greek historians, cartographers, writers, philosophers and scientists, including Herodotus, Aristotle and Ptolemy. The Greco-Roman-Byzantine name ‘Palestine’ is commonly found in major classical Greek texts, especially the Histories of Herodotus, written near the mid-5th century BC.