巴勒斯坦的悠久历史与地理(古代、中世纪与现代)

The long history and geography of Palestine (ancient, medieval and modern)

……在欧洲和阿拉伯世界的社会与文化记忆中根深蒂固。1890年，德国历史学家古斯塔夫·莱因霍尔德·勒希特（Gustav Reinhold Röhricht）在《巴勒斯坦地理文献目录》（Bibliotheca Geographica Palestine）中列出了以多种语言出版的3515部著作，年代跨度从333年

are deeply ingrained in the social and cultural memory of Europe and the Arab world. In 1890 German historian Gustav Reinhold Röhricht, in Bibliotheca Geographica Palestine, listed 3515 books issued in many languages between 333

AD和1878 AD，这些著作论述了巴勒斯坦的地理。Röhricht的著作还包含一份与巴勒斯坦相关的地图的年代顺序列表。

AD and 1878 AD which dealt with the geography of Palestine. Röhricht’s work also contains a chronological list of maps relating to Palestine.

对巴勒斯坦历史、地理和制图的关注，在《国家地理》的出版物中也很明显。《国家地理》杂志原名《国家地理杂志》（National Geographic Magazine），是总部位于华盛顿特区的美国国家地理学会的官方杂志。该学会是世界上最大的非营利科学与教育机构之一，其兴趣涵盖地理、历史、考古和自然科学。《国家地理》自1888年创刊第一期起持续出版。该杂志的档案显示，它极为关注历史上巴勒斯坦（古代与近代）的制图、历史和考古。《国家地理》的历史性“巴勒斯坦地图”（而非“迦南地图”）发表了以下标题：《巴勒斯坦印象》，1915年3月1日（“前英国驻美大使詹姆斯·布赖斯讲述了他对一个以穆斯林为主的巴勒斯坦的印象”）；《耶路撒冷的蝗灾：描述近期蝗虫入侵巴勒斯坦的情形，并将其与旧世界历史书《圣经》中所载的古代蝗灾入侵相比较》，1……

Preoccupation with the history, geography and cartography of Palestine was also evident in the publications of the National Geographic, formerly the National Geographic Magazine, the official magazine of the National Geographic Society, based in Washington, DC. The NGS is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational institutions in the world. Its interests include geography, history, archaeology and natural sciences. The National Geographic has been published continuously since its first issue in 1888. The archives of the magazine show a huge focus on the cartography, history and archaeology of historic Palestine (ancient and modern). The historic ‘Palestine Maps’ (no mention of ‘Maps of Canaan’) of the National Geographic (not known to be particularly pro-Palestinian) produced the following titles: ‘Impressions of Palestine’, 1 March 1915 (‘Former British Ambassador to the U.S., James Bryce, relates his impressions of a predominantly Muslim Palestine’); ‘Jerusalem’s Locust Plague: Being a Description of the Recent Locust Influx into Palestine, and Comparing Same with Ancient Locust Invasions as Narrated in the Old World’s History Book, the Bible’, 1

1915年12月(“John D. Whiting比较了近期蝗灾入侵巴勒斯坦和叙利亚与《圣经》中记载的古代蝗灾”);《在伯利恒牧羊人中间:参观大卫可能在写作第二十三篇诗篇时回忆起的山谷》,1926年12月1日

December 1915 (‘John D. Whiting compares the recent invasion of locusts in Palestine and Syria with the ancient locust plagues described in the Bible’); ‘Among the Bethlehem Shepherds: A Visit to the Valley Which David Probably Recalled When He Wrote the Twenty-third Psalm’, 1 December 1926

（“巴勒斯坦的牧羊家庭仍大体延续着祖先的生活方式；通常由家中最小的男孩手持长笛与牧杖照看羊群。”）；《变化中的巴勒斯坦》，1934年4月1日（“交通与通讯的改善，为这片虽小却具有战略意义的土地提供了更大的发展空间，它依旧是东西方交汇之地。”）；《圣经之地上空的炸弹》，1941年8月1日

(‘Shepherd families of Palestine live much as their ancestors did; often the youngest boy tends the sheep, with flute and staff in hand’); ‘Changing Palestine’, 1 April 1934 (‘Improved transportation and communication give Palestine growing room as the small but strategic land continues its role as a meeting place for East and West’); ‘Bombs over Bible Lands’, 1 August 1941

在叙利亚、巴勒斯坦和伊拉克——罗马人、巴比伦人和亚述人曾在此交战的地方——德国和俄罗斯争夺这些盛产石油的国家的控制权，用炸弹、飞机和坦克扰乱着这片历史悠久的土地。 《今日巴勒斯坦》，1946年10月1日（“巴勒斯坦在英国的控制下，艰难应对移民问题。不断扩张的城市与农场，在这片古老的土地上形成了奇特的交融”） 《一位考古学家看巴勒斯坦》，1947年12月1日（“作者在这片古老的土地上处处遇见历史，这里数百年来一直是无休止冲突的角斗场”）

(‘In Syria, Palestine, and Iraq, where Romans, Babylonians, and Assyrians once battled, Germany and Russia vie for control of the oil-rich nations, disrupting historic lands with bombs, planes, and tanks’); ‘Palestine Today’, 1 October 1946 (‘Under the control of Great Britain, Palestine struggles to cope with immigration. Growing cities and farms make a strange mix in the ancient land’); ‘An Archaeologist Looks at Palestine’, 1 December 1947 (‘The author encounters history at every turn, in an ancient land that has been a cockpit of unending conflict for many centuries’).