锡安主义定居点（moshava）卡法塔沃尔于1909年由犹太殖民协会在下加利利建立，安置来自东欧的阿什肯纳兹犹太定居者。希伯来文名称的来源是邻近的他泊山（该名称取自《诗篇》89:12）。

The Zionist settlement (moshava) of Kfar Tavor was founded in lower Galilee in 1909 by the Jewish Colonisation Association for a group of Ashkenazi settlers from Eastern Europe. The origin of the Hebrew name is neighbouring Mount Tabor (the name taken from Psalm 89:12).

在整个委任统治时期,这个定居点在犹太定居社群(Yishuv)的犹太复国主义领导层中更广为人知的名称是Mescha,这是对巴勒斯坦阿拉伯语地名Masha的阿什肯纳兹式音译。附近的犹太复国主义定居点Sejera(后改名为Ilaniya)于1900至1902年间由犹太复国主义殖民协会建立。这同样是对巴勒斯坦阿拉伯语地名Sajara(巴勒斯坦方言中意为"树")的阿什肯纳兹式音译,该定居点是巴勒斯坦最早、也最重要的犹太复国主义定居点之一。

Throughout the Mandatory period this settlement was better known to the Zionist leadership of the Yishuv as Mescha, which was the Ashekenazi rendering of the Palestinian Arabic toponym, Masha. The nearby Zionist settlement Sejera (later renamed Ilaniya) was established a decade earlier, in 1900‒1902, by the Zionist Colonisation Association. This too was an Ashkenazi rendering of the Palestinian Arabic name Sajara (Palestinian dialect for ‘tree’) for one of the earliest and most important Zionist settlements in Palestine.

在将阿拉伯地名（如Masha）希伯来化这一问题上，一些态度强硬的世俗早期犹太复国主义定居者领袖，并不总是将其视为首要任务。二十世纪初，由一个世俗的德国犹太复国主义组织在海法建立的理工学院（Technikum）——即今天的以色列理工学院（Technion）——以及围绕教学语言（德语还是希伯来语）的争议，标志着“语言之战”（Margalit, S.

The issue of Hebraicising Arabic toponyms such as Masha was not always a top priority of some of the fiercely secular early Zionist settler leaders in Palestine. The establishment of the Technikum in Haifa – now the Technion – by a secular German Zionist organisation at the beginning of the 20th century and the controversy about the language of instruction (German or Hebrew) marked the ‘War of the Languages’ (Margalit, S.

1994)在巴勒斯坦的犹太殖民定居点(Yishuv)中。左翼世俗派Po'ale Tzion(工人锡安)运动的一些领导人,如Ya'akov Zerubavel(原名Ya'akov Vitkin,生于乌克兰,1910年移居巴勒斯坦),他是一位犹太复国主义作家、出版人,也是一份意第绪语报纸的编辑,他们强烈支持意第绪语——一种由中欧和东欧犹太社群使用的德语方言——与许多左翼世俗犹太复国主义者一样,认为希伯来语只是少数犹太知识分子的语言,因而不适合该党的目标,即接触东欧主要说意第绪语的广大民众(Chaver 2004: 97)。意第绪语是阿什肯纳兹犹太人的历史语言,字面意思是"母语"(mame-loshn),以此区别于"圣语"(loshn koydesh),即希伯来语和阿拉姆语。意第绪语的句法和词汇大多源自德语,但也借用了斯拉夫语言、希伯来语和阿拉姆语的词汇。然而,对于大多数早期的犹太复国主义定居者领袖而言,意第绪语与被鄙视、被女性化的离散阿什肯纳兹犹太教紧密相连,而现代希伯来语则代表着新的、男性化的定居殖民型希伯来人。甚至Ya'akov Vitkin也将自己的姓氏改为Ya'akov Zerubavel。因此,早期犹太殖民定居点中的"语言之战"以"新希伯来语"的胜利告终,而它的崛起对于构建犹太复国主义的"政治-社会神话"(Azaryahu 1995)、政治犹太复国主义以及Yishuv殖民地好战的犹太复国主义"民族"认同至关重要。

1994) in the Zionist colony (Yishuv) in Palestine. Some leaders of the leftwing secular Po’ale Tzion Zionist movement, such as Ya’akov Zerubavel (born Ya’akov Vitkin in the Ukraine, immigrated to Palestine in 1910), who was a Zionist writer, publisher and editor of a Yiddish newspaper, were strong proponents of Yiddish – a German dialect spoken by the Jewish communities of Central and Eastern Europe – shared the view of many left-wing secular Zionists that Hebrew was the language of only a few Jewish intellectuals and therefore not suitable for the party’s goal of reaching the primarily Yiddish-speaking masses in Eastern Europe (Chaver 2004: 97). Yiddish is the historical and literally the ‘mother language’ (mame-loshn) of the Ashkenazi Jews, distinguishing it from the ‘holy tongue’ (loshn koydesh), meaning Hebrew and Aramaic. Yiddish takes most of its syntax and vocabulary from German but has loans from Slavic languages and Hebrew and Aramaic. However, for most early Zionist settler leaders Yiddish was closely associated with the despised and feminised diaspora Ashkenazi Judaism, while modern Hebrew represented the new masculinised settler-colonising Hebrew Man. Even Ya’akov Vitkin changed his family name to Ya’akov Zerubavel. Thus the ‘War of the Languages’ in the early Yishuv ended in victory for the ‘new Hebrew’, whose ascendancy was central to the formulation of the ‘politico- social myths’ of Zionism (Azaryahu 1995), of political Zionism and the construction of the militant Zionist Jewish ‘national’ identity of the Yishuv colony.

在塞贾拉的早期锡安主义工人中，有一位是大卫·格林（David Grün）。他于1906年从俄罗斯帝国的波兰地区移居巴勒斯坦，后来以大卫·本-古里安（David Ben-Gurion，1886–1973）之名广为人知，他是以色列的建国之父和首任总理。塞贾拉和梅夏的早期锡安主义定居者、工人和领袖，大多是俄罗斯或东欧国籍，他们在巴勒斯坦组建了一个犹太人防卫组织：Hashmor（希伯来语意为“守卫者”），该组织于1909年由社会主义锡安主义者组织成立。

Among the early Zionist workers in Sejara was David Grün, who immigrated to Palestine from the Polish part of the Russian empire in 1906 and who later became known as David Ben-Gurion (1886–1973), the founding father of Israel and its first Prime Minister. The early Zionist settlers, workers and leaders of Sejara and Mescha, mostly Russian or East European nationals, created a Jewish defence organisation in Palestine: Hashmor (Hebrew for ‘the Guard’), which was organised in 1909 by socialist Zionists.

这一组织在委任统治时期被解散。哈加纳(希伯来语意为“防卫”)于1920年成立,以色列国军队于1948年年中由此发展而来。Hashomer早期的定居者和领导人采取了本土化和“土著化”策略,包括打扮成当地的巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人,并塑造“萨布拉”(Sabra)的形象,即“新犹太人”或“新希伯来人”。这一形象被重新包装为一个“本土的”、自力更生且武装起来的犹太人,其根基扎在巴勒斯坦这片土地上。

This was disbanded during the Mandatory period after the founding of the Haganah (Hebrew for ‘defence’) in 1920 from which the Israeli army emerged in mid-1948. The indigenising and nativising strategies of early settlers and leaders of Hashomer included dressing up like local Palestinian Arabs and cultivating an image of the Sabra, the ‘new Jew’ or the New Hebrew Man, rebranded as a ‘native’, self-reliant and armed Jew ‘rooted’ in the land of Palestine.

在整个英国委任统治时期，Sejara与Mescha一样，在定居者和整个犹太人定居地（Yishuv）的犹太复国主义领导层中，仍以其阿拉伯语地名而非新的希伯来语地名Ilaniya为人所知。这一地名源自邻近的巴勒斯坦阿拉伯村庄al-Sharaja的阿拉伯方言（阿拉伯语中意为"树"）。巴勒斯坦村庄al-Sharaja其后于1948年被哈加纳武装力量摧毁，而Sejara这一犹太复国主义定居点在今天的以色列被称为Ilaniya，这也是阿拉伯语中"树"这一地名的希伯来语译写。

Throughout the British Mandatory period Sejara, like Mescha, remained better known to the settlers and the entire Zionist leadership of the Yishuv by its Arabic toponym (not its new Hebrew toponym Ilaniya), a place name which was based on the Arabic dialect of the adjacent Palestinian Arab village al-Sharaja (‘tree’ in Arabic). The Palestinian village al-Sharaja was subsequently destroyed by Haganah forces in 1948 and the Zionist colony of Sejara is known in Israel today as Ilaniya, which is also the Hebrew rendering of the Arabic toponym for ‘tree’.