1948年以后，犹太复国主义的各项计划集中于对巴勒斯坦地理和地名进行希伯来化、犹太化，其手段是对地点、场所和事件进行更名。希伯来化计划借助更名来构建新的地方和新的地理身份，并将其与所谓的圣经地名联系起来。这些“新希伯来语”名称体现了一种意识形态诉求和政治属性，可被犹太复国主义的霸权性计划有意识地加以利用。该官方计划始于政府地名委员会（Va'adat Hashemot Hamimshaltit）的设立。

Post-1948 Zionist projects concentrated on the Hebraicisation/Judaisation of Palestinian geography and toponymy through the practice of renaming sites, places and events. The Hebraicisation project deployed renaming to construct new places and new geographic identities related to supposed biblical places. The ‘new Hebrew’ names embodied an ideological drive and political attributes that could be consciously mobilised by the Zionist hegemonic project. The official project began with the appointment of the Governmental Names Committee (Va’adat Hashemot Hamimshaltit)

由以色列总理本-古里安于1949年7月发起。本-古里安于6月造访了纳盖夫(内盖夫),他注意到该地区的地理地点竟没有希伯来语名称,这让他深受触动。他在战争日记中1949年6月11日的记载如下:"埃拉特……我们驱车穿过阿拉瓦的开阔地带……从'Ein Husb……到'Ein Wahba……我们必须为这些地方取希伯来语名称——如果有古名就用古名,如果没有,就取新名!"(Ben-Gurion 1982, Vol. 3: 989)。

by Prime Minister Ben-Gurion in July 1949. Ben-Gurion had visited the Naqab/Negev in June and had been struck by the fact that no Hebrew names existed for geographical sites in the region. The 11 June 1949 entry for his War Diary reads: ‘Eilat ... we drove through the open spaces of the Arava ... from ‘Ein Husb ... to ‘Ein Wahba ... We must give Hebrew names to these places – ancient names, if there are, and if not, new ones!’ (Ben-Gurion 1982, Vol. 3: 989).

在1948年灾难(Nakba)之后的最初时期,以色列考古学家和以色列勘探协会中隶属政府地名委员会的成员,最初的工作重点是为新占领的内盖夫(Negev)绘制新地图(Abu El-Haj 2001: 91–94)。该委员会受命为新占领的巴勒斯坦地貌创制希伯来文地名,委员会留存的文件中屡次提到"外国地名"。以色列公众被号召"连根拔除外来的既有地名",并以新的希伯来地名取而代之,并"掌握"这些新名称。现存地名大多为阿拉伯语。该委员会的任务是抹去内盖夫数百个阿拉伯地名,并创制希伯来地名。委员会于7月18日举行首次会议,此后十个月间每月开会三次,为内盖夫的561处地理特征——山脉、山谷、泉眼和水井——指定了希伯来名称,并以《圣经》作为资源。尽管内盖夫地貌上的许多古老阿拉伯地名已被消除,一些阿拉伯地名却转化为读音相近的希伯来地名:例如,Seil 'Imran变成了Nahal Amram,显然是为了纪念摩西和亚伦的父亲;阿拉伯语的Jabal Haruf(Haruf山)变成了Har Harif(尖山),Jabal Dibba(Hump山丘)变成了Har Dla'at(南瓜山)。在拒绝将阿拉伯语的Jabal 'Ideid(延展之山)改称为Har Geshur(以大卫王第三位妻子所属的族群命名的希伯来名称)之后,委员会决定将其称为Har Karkom(番红花山),因为内盖夫生长番红花。然而,附近泉水的阿拉伯语读音'Ideid得以保留,这些泉水如今被称为Beerot Oded(俄德的井),据称是为了纪念同名的《圣经》先知。在1956年3月的报告中,以色列政府地名委员会称:

In the immediate post-Nakba period, Israeli archaeologists and members of the Israeli Exploration Society on the Governmental Names Committee concentrated their initial efforts on the creation of a new map for the newly occupied ‘Negev’ (Abu El-Haj 2001: 91–94). Commissioned to create Hebrew names for the newly occupied Palestinian landscape, throughout the documents produced by this committee were reported references to ‘foreign names’. The Israeli public was called upon ‘to uproot the foreign and existing names’ and in their place ‘to master’ the new Hebrew names. Most existing names were Arabic. Charged with the task of erasing hundreds of Arabic place names and creating Hebrew names in the Negev, the committee held its first meeting on 18 July and subsequently met three times a month for a ten-month period and assigned Hebrew names to 561 different geographical features in the Negev – mountains, valleys, springs and waterholes – using the Bible as a resource. Despite the obliteration of many ancient Arabic names from the Negev landscape, some Arabic names became similar-sounding Hebrew names: for example, Seil ‘Imran became Nahal Amram, apparently recalling the father of Moses and Aaron; the Arabic Jabal Haruf (Mount Haruf) became Har Harif (Sharp Mountain), Jabal Dibba (Hump Hill) became Har Dla’at (Mount Pumpkin). After rejecting the name Har Geshur, after the people to whom King David’s third wife belonged, as a Hebrew appellation for the Arabic Jabal ‘Ideid (Sprawling Mountain), the committee decided to call it Har Karkom (Mount Crocus), because crocuses grow in the Negev.28 However, the sound of the Arabic name ‘Ideid was retained for the nearby springs, which are now called Beerot Oded (the Wells of Oded), supposedly after the biblical prophet of the same name. In its report of March 1956 the Israeli Government Names Committee stated:

在该总结时期内，为古迹遗址、废墟和土丘（阿拉伯语，指山丘或考古土墩）共采用了145个名称：其中8个名称是依据历史考证确定的，16

In the summarised period 145 names were adopted for antiquities sites, ruins and tells [Arabic for hills or archaeological mounds]: eight names were determined on the basis of historical identification, 16

根据该地区的地理名称有八个，根据阿拉伯语单词的含义有八个，而绝大多数名称（113个）是通过模仿阿拉伯语单词的发音而确定的，即部分或完全模仿，以便依照[公认的]语法和元音规则赋予新名称希伯来语的特征。（引自 Abu El-Haj 2001: 95）29

according to geographical names in the area, eight according to the meaning of the Arabic words, and the decisive majority of the names (113) were determined by mimicking the sounds of the Arabic words, a partial or complete mimicking, in order to give the new name a Hebrew character, following the [accepted] grammatical and voweling rules. (Quoted in Abu El-Haj 2001: 95)29

在《隐藏的历史》一书中，巴勒斯坦学者巴塞姆·拉阿德（Basem Ra’ad，2010年）引用了托马斯·汤普森（Thomas Thompson）、弗朗西利诺·贡萨尔维斯（Francolino Goncalves）与J. M. 范·康（J. M. van Cangh）合著的1988年研究《巴勒斯坦地名学：阿卡平原与耶路撒冷走廊》（Toponymie Palestinienne: Plaine de St. Jean d’Acre et corridor de Jerusalem），指出以色列地名委员会的工作远远超出了其最初的授权范围。

In Hidden Histories, Palestinian scholar Basem Ra’ad (2010), citing a 1988 study, Toponymie Palestinienne: Plaine de St. Jean d’Acre et corridor de Jerusalem, by Thomas Thompson, Francolino Goncalves and J. M. van Cangh, shows that the Israeli toponymy committees went far beyond their original mandates:

由于可依据的（圣经）传统实在不足，[该项目]只能随意挑选一些圣经或犹太方面的联想来继续进行。他们必须将阿拉伯语名称希伯来化，或在其他情况下将阿拉伯语译成希伯来语，以便使地名具有意识形态上一致的身份。例如，一些地名被从阿拉伯语转写为希伯来语的语音体系：Minet el-Muserifa 变成了 Horvat Mishrafot Yam，Khirbet el Musherifa 被改为 Horvat Masref。有时，在这一人为的过程中，委员会忘记了某些真正的犹太传统，例如阿拉伯语地名 Khirbet Hanuta 被彻底废弃，却没有认识到它很可能对应于塔木德中的 Khanotah。

There was simply not enough [biblical] tradition to go by, so [the project] could only continue by picking out Biblical or Jewish associations at random. It had to Hebrewise Arabic names, or in other cases translate Arabic to Hebrew to give the location an ideologically consistent identity. For example, some locations were rendered from Arabic into the Hebrew phonetic system: Minet el-Muserifa became Horvat Mishrafot Yam and Khirbet el Musherifa was changed to Horvat Masref. Sometimes, in this artificial process, the committees forgot about certain genuine Jewish traditions, as in the case of the total cancelling of the Arabic name Khirbet Hanuta, not recognising that it probably rendered the Talmudic Khanotah.

这种强制性的改名往往甚至违背了圣经传统，最明显的例子是抹去了阿拉伯地名亚卢（Yalu）和伊姆瓦斯（‘Imwas）（1967年之后）。亚卢被改名为阿亚隆（Ayallon）；而伊姆瓦斯，即与基督的故事相关联的西方以马忤斯（Western Emmaus），是与贝特努巴（Beit Nuba）等三个村庄一同在1967年被夷平的村庄之一。这些村庄的旧石料被卖给犹太承包商，用以为别处的新建筑增添本地传统与年代感；整个地区则被改造成了悲惨的加拿大公园（Canada Park），其建设资金来自一位加拿大捐助者提供的数百万款项。

This forced exercise of re-naming often even went against Biblical tradition, most notably in erasing the Arabic names Yalu and ‘Imwas [after 1967]. Yalu became Ayallon, while ‘Imwas, Western Emmaus, associated with the Christ story, was one of the three villages, along with Beit Nuba, razed in 1967. The old stones from the villages were sold to Jewish contractors to lend local tradition and age to new buildings elsewhere, and the whole area was turned into the tragic Canada Park, made possible by millions from a Canadian donor.

（Ra’ad 2010：188–189；Thompson et al. 1988）

(Ra’ad 2010: 188–189; Thompson et al. 1988).