Alloh (swt) mulkni insonlarning bu dunyodagi manfaatlarini ro‘yobga chiqarish vositasi qilib yaratdi va bu manfaatlarga erishish yo‘li sifatida savdo-sotiqqa ruxsat berdi (Masalih). Har kim xohlagan narsasi har bir joyda mavjud emasligini aytish to‘g‘ri, va biror narsani zo‘rlik bilan olish hamda kuch ishlatib bosib olish buzg‘unchilikdir. Shuning uchun har kimga kerakli narsani zo‘ravonlik va kuch ishlatmasdan olish imkonini beradigan tizim bo‘lishi lozim. Savdo ana shunday tizimdir va sotish qoidalari mavjud. Alloh (swt) aytadi:

Allah (swt) made the property a means to establish the interests of human beings in this Dunya (worldly life) and He (swt) allowed trading as a way to gain these interests (Masalih). It is true to say that what everybody wants is not available in every location and that taking something by force and overpowering is corrupt. Thus, there should be a system that enables everybody to take that which He needs without resorting to force and strength. Trading is that system, and there are rules of selling. Allah (swt) says,

“Ey iymon keltirganlar! Bir-biringizning molingizni nohaq yeb qo‘ymanglar, faqat o‘zaro rozilik bilan bo‘ladigan savdo bundan mustasno.” [An-Nisa: 29]. Savdo ikki turli bo‘ladi: biri halol bo‘lib, shariatda uni sotish (bay’) deb ataladi, ikkinchisi harom bo‘lib, uni foiz (riba) deb ataladi. Bularning har ikkisi ham savdodir. Alloh taolo kofirlar haqida xabar berganki, ular savdo bilan foiz o‘rtasidagi farqni aqlga tayanib rad etganlar. Alloh (SWT) aytadi:

“O you who believe! Squander not your wealth among yourselves in vanity, except it may be a trade by mutual consent.” [An-Nisa: 29]. Trading is of two types; that which is allowed (Halal) and is called selling (Bai’a) in Shar’a and that which is forbidden (Haram) and is called usury (Riba). Each of these is trading. Allah has informed us about the disbelievers that they rejected rationally the (existence of a) difference between trading and usury. Allah (swt) says:

«Buning sababi, ular: "Sotuv ham xuddi ribo kabidir", deyishgan.» [Al-Baqara: 275] Shundan so‘ng U (subhanahu va taolo) ularni halol va harom orqali ajratib, shunday deydi:

“That is because they say: Selling is just like usury.” [Al-Baqarah: 275] He (swt) then differentiated between them through Halal and Haram by saying:

“Holbuki, Alloh savdo-sotiqni halol qilgan va riboni harom qilgan.” [Al-Baqara: 275] Bundan biz shuni tushundikki, ularning har biri savdo-sotiqdir, Shar’iy jihatdan ruxsat etilgan savdo esa sotishdir. Sotish jarayoni ikki tomon o‘rtasida yakunlanadi. Ulardan biri ijob (taklif) beradi, ikkinchisi esa qabul qiladi (qabul). Bular “sotdim” va “sotib oldim” so‘zlari yoki shu ma’noni anglatadigan har qanday so‘z yoki amal bilan ifodalanadi. Tovar egasi sotish amalini bajarish huquqiga ega va uning nomidan sotishni amalga oshirish uchun vakil yoki elchi sifatida birovni tayinlashi mumkin. Shuningdek, uning nomidan sotishni amalga oshirish uchun shaxsni yollashga ham ruxsat berilgan, agar uning haqi aniq belgilangan bo‘lsa. Agar u shaxsni foydaning bir qismi evaziga yollasa, u sherik bo‘lmagan sheriklik (sokit sherik) bo‘lib qoladi va unga yollanma xodimga emas, balki sherikka oid qoida qo‘llaniladi. Shuningdek, u mulkni o‘zi yoki o‘z vakili, o‘rinbosari orqali sotib olishi yoki o‘zi uchun sotib oladigan shaxsni yollashi mumkin. Xullas, savdo-sotiq ruxsat etilgan. U mulkchilikni oshirish shakli bo‘lib, sotish va sherikchilik qonunlarida o‘z aksini topadi. Savdo-sotiq Qur’oni Karim va Hadisda kelgan. Alloh (subhanahu va taolo) aytdi:

“Whereas Allah permitted selling and prohibited usury.” [Al-Baqarah: 275] We understood from this that each of them is trading, and the one which is permitted by Shar’a is selling. The selling process is concluded by two parties. One of them gives the offer (Ijab) and the other accepts (Qabool). These are expressed with the word “I sold” and “I bought” or any words or action which hold these meanings. The owner of the commodity has the right to carry out the selling and to deputise somebody as an agent or as a Messenger to execute the selling on his behalf. He is allowed also to employ a person to perform the selling on his behalf, on condition that his wage is defined. If He employed someone for part of the profit He would be a silent partner, and the rule of the partner rather than the employee will be applied upon him. He is also allowed to buy the property himself or through his agent, his representative or to hire a person who will buy for him. In summary, trading is allowed. It is a form of increasing the ownership, and it is evident in the laws of selling and company (partnership). Trading came in the Qur’an and the Hadith. Allah (swt) said:

"Agar bu sizning o'rtangizdagi qo'ldan-qo'lga o'tkaziladigan haqiqiy savdo bo'lsa, unda uni yozmasangiz, sizga gunoh bo'lmaydi." [Al-Baqara: 282]

“Save only in the case when it is actual trading which you transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if you write it not.” [Al-Baqarah: 282],

Rifa’a rivoyat qiladi: u Allohning Elchisi ﷺ bilan namozgohga chiqdi va odamlarning savdo qilayotganini ko‘rdi. Allohning Elchisi ﷺ dedi: “Ey savdogarlar!” Ular Allohning Elchisi ﷺ ga javob berib, bo‘ynlarini va ko‘zlarini unga tomon ko‘tardilar. U ﷺ dedi: “Savdogarlar Qiyomat kuni fujjar (fosiqlar) sifatida tirilтiriladilar, faqat solih va halol bo‘lganlardan tashqari.” At-Tirmiziy Abu Sa’iddan rivoyat qilganidek, Allohning Elchisi ﷺ aytdi: “Halol va ishonchli savdogar payg‘ambarlar, solihlar va shahidlar bilan birga tirilтiriladi.” Savdo ikki turga bo‘linadi: ichki savdo va tashqi savdo. Ichki savdo — odamlar o‘rtasida mamlakat ichida muomalada bo‘ladigan mollar, ular o‘z mahsulotlari, qishloq xo‘jaligi yoki sanoat mahsulotlari bo‘lsin, yoki boshqa xalqlarning mahsulotlari bo‘lsin, sotish va sotib olishdir. Ichki savdo sotish bilan bog‘liq qoidalardan tashqari, hech qanday cheklovsiz ruxsat etilgan. Mollarning turlari, ularni mamlakat ichida bir joydan ikkinchi joyga olib o‘tish masalasida har bir savdogar Shar’iy qoidalar doirasida savdo qilishi uchun o‘zi javobgardir. Davlatning ichki savdoga aloqasi faqat nazorat orqaligina bo‘ladi. Tashqi savdoga kelsak, bu xorijdan mollarni sotib olishdir, ular qishloq xo‘jaligi yoki sanoat mahsulotlari bo‘lishidan qat’i nazar. Bu turdagi savdo Davlatning bevosita nazorati ostida bo‘ladi: Davlat bunday mollarning import va eksportini bevosita nazorat qiladi hamda harbiy holatdagi va tinch (shartnomalar bilan bog‘langan) savdogarlarni nazorat qiladi.

Rifa’a narrated that He went out with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to the prayer place and He saw the people trading. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “O traders!” They responded to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and raised their necks and eyes towards him. He (pbuh) said, “Traders will be resurrected on the Day of Judgement as fujjar (wrongdoers) except those who were righteous and honest.” Al-Tirmidhi reported that Abu Sa’id narrated that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “The honest trustworthy merchant will be resurrected with the prophets, righteous and the martyrs.” Trading is of two types, domestic and foreign. Domestic trading is the selling and buying which occurs among the people over commodities, whether they are of their own products, agricultural or industrial, or of other peoples products, where they are circulated in their own country. Domestic trading is allowed without constraints, except by those rules connected with selling. With regard to the commodities, their types, and their transfer inside the country from place to place, it is left to every merchant to trade within the rules of Shar’a. The State has nothing to do with the domestic trading except through supervision only. Regarding foreign trade, it is the purchase of commodities from abroad, whether such commodities were agricultural or industrial. This type of trading is subject to the direct supervision of the State, so it directly supervises the import and export of these commodities and supervises the belligerent and peaceful (those bound by treaties) merchants.