4.6 Ulushli dehqonchilik (Musaqat)
4.6 Share Cropping - Musaqat
Ish turlaridan biri musoqot bo‘lib, bunda bir kishi o‘z daraxtlarini boshqasiga sug‘orish va parvarish qilish uchun topshiradi, evaziga esa mevasidan belgilangan ulushni oladi. U musoqot (so‘zma-so‘z «sug‘orish») deb atalgan, chunki u sug‘orish ishi bilan bog‘liq: Hijoz aholisining daraxtlariga asosan sug‘orish kerak bo‘lar edi, buning uchun ular quduqlardan suv tortar edilar. Musoqot Shar’at ruxsat bergan ish turlaridan biridir. Muslim rivoyat qilganki, Abdullloh ibn Umar (roziyallohu anhu) shunday degan: «Allohning Rasuli ﷺ Xaybar aholisi bilan ularning ekinlari va o‘simliklaridan chiqadigan mevalarning yarmi evaziga shartnoma tuzdilar». Musoqot xurmo daraxtlari va uzumzorlarda, ishchiga beriladigan ekinning ma’lum qismi evaziga ruxsat etiladi. Bu faqat mevasi bor daraxtlarga tegishlidir. Mevasi yo‘q daraxtlar, masalan, tol, yoki mevasi qadrlanmaydigan daraxtlar, masalan, qarag‘ay va sadr, musoqot uchun ruxsat etilmaydi, chunki musoqot mevaning (ekinning) bir qismi uchun amalga oshiriladi, bunday daraxtlarning esa qadrli mevasi yo‘q. Lekin bargi qadrlanadigan daraxtlar, masalan, tut va atirgul, unda musoqot ruxsat etiladi, chunki ularning bargi meva o‘rnida turadi. Bu yilda bir marta yig‘iladi va uning bir qismi evaziga musoqotga kirish mumkin, shu tariqa meva bilan bir xil hukm qo‘llaniladi.
One of the kinds of work is the Musaqat, where one person hands over his trees to another person in order to irrigate them and tend to them in return for a defined portion of their fruit. It was called Musaqat (literally meaning irrigation) because it is related to the work of irrigation, where the trees of the people of Hijaz mainly needed irrigation for which they used to draw water from the wells. Musaqat is one of the types of work which Shar’a allows. Muslim has narrated that Abdullah ibn ’Umar (ra) said: “The Prophet (pbuh) of Allah (pbuh) contracted the people of Khaybar over half of what they produce of fruit crops and plants.” Musaqat is allowed in palm trees and vines on a known part of the crops, which are to be given to the worker. This applies only to the trees that have fruit. The trees which either have no fruit (crops) such as the willow, or have fruit not sought after as the pine and cedar, are not allowed for Musaqat, because Musaqat is for a part of the fruit (crops) and these type of trees has no fruit sought after. But those trees whose leaves are sought after such as the mulberry and the rose, Musaqat is allowed in them, because their leaves are equivalent to fruit. This is harvested annually and it is possible to collect it and enter into Musaqat for a part of it, thus invoking the same rule as fruit.