"Fraud" lug'aviy ma'noda aldov demakdir, shuning uchun sotish-sotib olishda birov aldangan, ya'ni boshqa tomon uni aldab, o'ziga bo'ysundirgan deyilsa, bu uning aldaganini bildiradi. Narxda aldash degani biror narsani o'z qiymatidan ko'proq yoki kamroq narxda sotishdir. Jinoiy firibgarlik Shar'atda taqiqlangan, chunki sahih hadisda aldovning qat'iy ravishda harom ekani tasdiqlangan. Bukhoriy Abdulloh ibn Umardan rivoyat qilgan: bir kishi Payg'ambarga ﷺ savdo-sotiqda aldashi haqida aytdi. Allohning Rasuli ﷺ dedilar: "Agar savdo qilsang, aldov (xilaba) yo'q, deb ayt." Ahmad ibn Hanbal Anasdan rivoyat qilgan: Allohning Rasuli ﷺ zamonida bir kishi aqli zaif bo'lsa-da savdo qilar edi. Uning qarindoshlari Allohning Rasuli ﷺ huzuriga kelib dedilar: "Ey Allohning Nabiysi ﷺ, falon kishini muomala layoqatsiz deb e'lon qiling, chunki u aqli zaif holda savdo qiladi." Shunda Allohning Payg'ambari ﷺ uni chaqirib, sotishdan qaytardilar. U dedi: "Ey Allohning Nabiysi ﷺ, savdo qilmasdan turolmayman." Allohning Rasuli ﷺ dedilar: "Agar savdoni to'xtatmaysan, unda shunday de: mana bu narsaga qara, mana u narsaga qara, aldov yo'q." Al-Bazzar Anasdan rivoyat qilgan: Allohning Rasuli ﷺ sut sog'ilmay qoldirilgan hayvonlarni sotishni (aldov sifatida) man qildilar.

Fraud, linguistically means deceit, so if it is said that He defrauded Him in selling and buying, it means that He deceived him, and subdued him. Deceiving in the price means to sell something for more or less than it’s worth. Criminal fraud is prohibited in Shar’a because it was confirmed in the authentic Hadith that deception is forbidden decisively. Bukhari narrated from ’Abdullah ibn ’Umar that a man mentioned to the Prophet (pbuh) that He deceives in trading; the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “If you entered into trading say there is no deceit (khilaba).” Ahmad ibn Hanbal narrated from Anas “that a man at the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to trade while He was mentally weak; his relatives came to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and said: ‘O Prophet (pbuh) of Allah, declare so and so person as legally incompetent (i.e. prevent Him from disposition) because He trades while He is feeble minded; so the Prophet (pbuh) of Allah (swt) invited Him and forbade Him from selling; He said: ‘O Prophet (pbuh) of Allah, I cannot bear not to trade.’ The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “If you are not going to stop trading, say: look at this look and at that, there is no deceit.’” Al-Bazzar narrated from Anas that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) “forbade selling animals left unmilked” (as deception).

Ushbu hadislar aldovdan voz kechishni talab qilgani aldovning ta'qiqlanishi qat'iy ekanini bildiradi. Shuning uchun aldov harom (taqiqlangan) hisoblanadi. Lekin aslida harom bo'lgan aldov — jinoiy (ya'ni haddan oshgan) aldovdir, chunki aldovning ta'qiqlanish sababi narxdagi aldov bo'lganidir; biroq juda oz miqdordagi aldovni aldov deb atashmaydi, chunki u holda bu savdolashish mahoratining bir shakli bo'ladi. Demak, aldov faqat haddan oshgan bo'lsagina aldov (firibgarlik) hisoblanadi. Agar firibgarlik isbotlangan bo'lsa, aldangan shaxs savdoni bekor qilish yoki uni davom ettirish o'rtasida tanlov huquqiga ega bo'ladi, ya'ni agar u sotuvchi bo'lsa, pulni qaytarib, tovarni olishi, xaridor bo'lsa, tovarni qaytarib, pulni olishi mumkin. Biroq u tovarning haqiqiy narxi bilan sotuv narxi o'rtasidagi farqni, ya'ni tovon (kompensatsiya) olishga haqli emas. Bunga sabab shuki, Allohning Elchisi (s.a.v.) unga savdoni bekor qilish yoki davom ettirish o'rtasida tanlov berganlar. Ad-Daraqutniy Muhammad ibn Yahyo ibn Hibbondan rivoyat qilishicha, u aytdi: Allohning Elchisi (s.a.v.) dedilar: "Agar siz biror narsani sotib olsangiz va aldov yo'q desangiz, u holda sotib olgan har bir tovaringizda uch kecha o'tgach, qabul qilib ushlab qolish yoki uni egasiga qaytarish huquqiga egasiz." Bu aldangan shaxsning tanlov huquqi borligini ko'rsatadi; ammo bu tanlov ikki shart bilan isbotlanadi: birinchisi, shartnoma (bitim) tuzilgan vaqtda narxni bilmaslik, ikkinchisi, shartnoma tuzilayotganda odamlar aldovga yo'l qo'ymaydigan darajada narxning haddan tashqari oshishi yoki kamayishi. Jinoiy firibgarlik — savdogarlar uni shunday deb hisoblaydigan aldovdir. Bu narx uchdan bir yoki to'rtdan bir hisobida belgilanmaydi, balki shartnoma tuzilgan paytda shahardagi savdogarlarning bahosiga havola qilinadi; chunki ko'tarilish va pasayish miqdori tovar turlari va bozorlarga qarab farq qiladi.

These Ahadith demanded giving up deception, which indicates that forbidding of the deception was decisive. Therefore, deception is Haram (prohibited). But in fact, the deception that is Haram is the criminal (i.e.excessive) deception (or fraud), because the reason for prohibiting fraud is that it was a deception in the price; but this would not be called a deception if it was minute, as it would then be a form of skill in negotiation. So deception is only considered fraud if it was excessive. If fraud was proven, the deceived person has the choice to abrogate the sale or to conclude it i.e. if fraud appeared in the sale then the deceived person has the choice to return the money and take the commodity if He was the seller, and to return back the commodity and take the money if He was the purchaser. But He is not allowed to take the indemnity i.e. the difference between the actual price of the commodity and the sale price. This is because the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) gave Him the choice either to abrogate the sale or to conclude. Ad-Daraqutni mentioned from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Hibban that He said that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “If you purchased say there is no deception, then in every commodity you purchased you have the choice after three nights to accept (the commodity) and thus hold it or to return it back to its owner.” This indicates that the deceived person has the choice; but the choice is proved by two conditions: the first is the lack of knowledge of the price at the time of contract (or deal), and the second is the excessive increase or decrease with which people do not involve in deception at the time of contract. The criminal fraud is that which the traders consider as being so. This is not assessed by one third or by one fourth of the price, but it is rather left to the estimation of the traders in the town at the time of concluding the contract; because the amount of increase and decrease differs according to the types commodities and the markets.