24.2 Oltin standartining foydalari - Islomning iqtisodiy tizimi | Quran Course

24.2 Oltin standartining foydalari - Islomning iqtisodiy tizimi | Quran Course

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24.2 Oltin standartining foydalari

24.2 Benefits of the Gold Standard

by Taqiuddin an-Nabhani1 min readViewed 89 times

Agar oltin standartining afzalliklari qog'oz pul (fiat) standarti va boshqa standartlar bilan solishtirilsa, pul-oltin standartining jahon standartiga aylanishi muqarrar bo'lardi. Bu afzalliklar boshqa hech qanday pul standartining qaror topishiga yo'l qo'ymas edi. Pul tarixi davomida va Birinchi jahon urushigacha butun dunyo oltin va kumush standartlarida ish yuritgan. Shu paytgacha dunyoga boshqa standartlar ma'lum emas edi. Biroq mustamlakachilar iqtisodiy va moliyaviy imperializmning turli usullarini egallab, pulni mustamlakachilik vositasi sifatida qo'llay boshlagach, ular turli pul standartlarini joriy etdilar. Ular oltin va kumush bilan birga, oltin yoki kumush zaxirasiga ega bo'lmagan bank depozitlari va almashtirilmaydigan banknotalarni ham pul deb hisobladilar. Shuning uchun oltin standartining afzalliklarini, ularning eng muhimlarini tushuntirish zarur, ular quyidagilardir:

If the benefits of the gold standard were to be compared with the fiat (paper currency) standard and other standards, it would be inevitable that the monetary gold standard would become a global standard. These benefits would not allow any other monetary standard to become established. Throughout the history of money and up until the First World War, the whole world operated the gold and silver standards. No other standards were known to the world until then. However, when the colonialists mastered the various styles of economic and financial imperialism, and began using currency as a means of colonialism, they established different monetary standards. They considered bank deposits and non exchangeable banknotes, which had no reserve of gold or silver, as money, along with gold and silver. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the benefits of the gold standard, the most important of which are:

Birinchi jahon urushi boshlanishida dunyoda eng keng tarqalgan pul tizimi oltin standartiga asoslangan tizim edi va o'sha paytda muomalada bo'lgan pul aslida oltin tangalar va ularning teng qiymatdagi oltinga osongina almashtirilishi mumkin bo'lgan qog'oz pullar edi. Oltin standarti bilan birga kumush standarti ham amal qilardi. Bu standartning joriy etilishi eng samarali iqtisodiy munosabatlarning shakllanishiga olib keldi. Biroq, 1914 yilda Birinchi jahon urushi e'lon qilinganda, urushayotgan davlatlar oltin standartida tartibsizlikka olib kelgan ayrim choralarni ko'rdilar. Ba'zi davlatlar o'z valyutalarini oltinga almashtirish majburiyatini bekor qildilar. Boshqa davlatlar oltinni eksport qilishga qattiq cheklovlar qo'ydilar, yana boshqalari esa uni import qilishga to'siqlar qo'ydilar. Bu holat 1971 yilga qadar davom etdi, o'sha yili Amerika oltin standartining amal qilishini tugatganini va oltin bilan dollar o'rtasidagi bog'liqlikni uzishni niyat qilganini e'lon qildi. O'shandan beri oltinning valyuta bilan aloqasi qolmadi, balki boshqa har qanday tovar kabi bo'lib qoldi. Amerikaning niyati dollarni butun dunyo bo'ylab pul asosi sifatida o'rnatish, shu orqali xalqaro pul bozorini nazorat qilish va hukmronlik qilish edi. Shu sababli oltin standarti dunyo bo'ylab amal qilmay qoldi, bu esa pul tizimini buzdi va almashuv kurslari o'zgaruvchan bo'lib qoldi. O'shandan beri valyutalar, tovarlar va xizmatlarni o'tkazishda to'siqlar va qiyinchiliklar paydo bo'ldi.

At the start of the first world war, the most prevailing monetary system in the world was that based on the gold standard, and money in circulation at the time was in fact gold coins and paper money readily exchangeable for their equivalent value in gold. The silver standard also operated alongside the gold standard. The implementation of this standard led to the establishment of the most productive economic relations. However, when the First World War was declared in 1914, the warring countries undertook certain measures which led to disorder in the gold standard. Some countries cancelled the liability of exchanging their currencies to gold. Other countries imposed harsh restrictions on the export of gold, while others put obstacles in the face of importing it. This continued until 1971 when America declared that she had put an end to the operation of the gold standard and that she intended to sever the link between gold and the dollar. Since then, gold has had no relation with the currency, but rather has become like any other commodity. America’s intention was to establish the dollar as the monetary basis world-wide so that it could control and dominate the international money market. Therefore, the gold standard no longer operated throughout the world and this disturbed the monetary system and the rates of exchange fluctuated. Since then, obstacles and difficulties in the transfer of currencies, goods and services have appeared.