Savdo balansi — ma'lum davr ichidagi ko'rinadigan importning va ko'rinadigan eksportning umumiy qiymatlari o'rtasidagi farqdir. Agar importning umumiy qiymatini bir tomonda, eksportning umumiy qiymatini ikkinchi tomonda hisoblasak, savdo balansini aniqlay olamiz. Shunday qilib, agar bizning eksportimiz qiymati importimiz qiymatidan oshib ketsa, bu holda savdo balansi bizning foydamizga bo'ladi, chunki boshqa mamlakatlar eksport va import qiymatlari o'rtasidagi farqni Davlatga qarzdor bo'ladi.

The balance of trade is the difference in total value between the visible imports and the visible exports over a period. If we were to calculate the total value of the imports on one side and the total value of exports on the other, we would be able to work out the balance of trade. So if the value of our exports exceeded that of our imports, the balance of trade would, in this case, be in our favour, because other countries owe to the State the difference between the value of the exports and imports.

Shunday ekan, davlatning tovarlar uchun davlatdan xorijiy valyutaga bo‘lgan talabi, davlatning xuddi shu maqsadda xorijiy valyutaga bo‘lgan talabidan oshib ketadi. Biroq savdo balansi milliy iqtisodiyatning haqiqiy holatini aks ettirmaydi. Chunki milliy daromad faqat tashqi savdodan olinadigan foydabilan cheklanmaydi. Milliy daromad tarkibiga boshqa manbalardan olinadigan daromadlar ham kiradi. Savdo balansi esa tashqi savdomizning haqiqiy holatini aks ettiradi. Biroq savdo balansini doimo davlat foydasiga og‘dirib turishga intilish oqilona emas. Chunki davlatning mafkurasi yoki uning tarqalishi, sanoat rivojlanishi, ehtiyojlarini qondirish yoki savdo aloqalarida bo‘lgan mamlakatning pozitsiyasiga ta’sir ko‘rsatish va uni shakllantirish, shuningdek xalqaro vaziyat va unga ta’sir etishi mumkin bo‘lgan omillar bilan bog‘liq boshqa maqsadlari bo‘lishi mumkin. Shu nuqtai nazardan, davlatning ko‘zlagan maqsadlari savdo balansida qulay natijaga erishish zaruratidan ustun turadi.

Therefore, foreign demand for the State’s currency to pay for commodities from the State would exceed the State’s demand for foreign currency to do the same. However, the balance of trade would not reflect the real picture about the state of the national economy. Because the national income is not only restricted to the profits from foreign trade. Other sources of income would also be considered as part of national income. The balance of trade does however reflect the real picture concerning the state of our foreign trade. It would however be unwise to aim to maintain the balance of trade tipped in favour of the State at all times. This is because the State may have other designs related to her ideology, or to the propagation of that ideology, or related to industrial development, or to fulfilling her needs, or to political issues concerning the stance of a country with whom she has trade relations and how she aims to shape that stance. It could also be related to the international situation and what may influence it. In this context, the State’s intended designs would override the need to achieve a favourable balance of trade.

Shuning uchun, tijorat nuqtai nazari foydaga asoslangan bo‘lsa-da, u shu bilan birga shaxsning emas, balki Davlatning nuqtai nazaridan bo‘lishi kerak; shu sababli Davlatning maqsadi va mohiyati har qanday tijorat foydasidan ustun turishi lozim.

Therefore, although the commercial perspective would be based on profit, it should at the same time be from the State’s perspective, not from an individual’s, thus the objective and the entity of the State should override any commercial gains.