Yana bir mulkka egalik qilish vositasi merosdir. U Qur'onning qat'iy (qat'iy) matni bilan belgilangan bo'lib, aql bilan tahlil qilinmaydigan aniq lafziy qoidalarga ega. Qur'onda meros tafsilotlari bayon etilgan bo'lsa-da, bu batafsil qoidalar umumiy yo'riqnomalardir. Alloh (SWT) aytadi,

Another means of property ownership is inheritance, which is established by the definite (Qat’i) text of the Qur’an, and it has certain literal rules which are not subject to reasoning. Although the Qur’an has stated the details of inheritance, these detailed rules are general guidelines. Allah (swt) says,

“Sizning farzandlaringiz haqida (meros bo‘yicha) Alloh sizlarga buyuradi: o‘g‘il bola ikki qiz bola ulushi miqdoridadir, agar (farzandlar) ikki va undan ortiq qiz bo‘lsalar, ularning ulushi meroskning uchdan ikki qismidir.” [An-Niso: 11] Uning so‘zidan biz ko‘plab hukmlarni tushunamiz. Biz o‘g‘il bolaning qiz bola oladigan ulushidan ikki baravar olishini tushunamiz. Shuningdek, tirik farzandlar bo‘lmagan hollarda o‘g‘il bolaning farzandlari farzand o‘rnida hisoblanishini tushunamiz, chunki o‘g‘il bolaning farzandlari “farzandlar” so‘zi ichiga kiradi. Bu qiz bolaning farzandlaridan farqli, chunki tirik farzandlar bo‘lmagan hollarda qiz bolaning farzandlari o‘g‘il bolaning farzandlari kabi hisoblanmaydi, chunki qiz bolaning farzandlari lug‘aviy ma’noda “farzandlar” so‘zi ichiga kirmaydi. Shuningdek, farzandlar qiz bolalar bo‘lib, ikkidan ortiq bo‘lsa, ular meroskning uchdan ikki qismida sherik bo‘lishini tushunamiz. Payg‘ambar ﷺ ikki qiz uchun ikkidan ortiq qizlarga berilgan ulushga teng ulush belgilaganlar va sahobalar (roziyallohu anhum) ushbu masalada ijmo’ qilganlar. Shuning uchun ikki qizga oid hukm ikkidan ortiq qizlarga oid hukm bilan bir xildir. Bu hukmlar oyatning umumiy ma’nosidan tushunilgan. Ushbu hukmlarga ko‘ra, merosxo‘r o‘z meros ulushiga haqlidir. Demak, mulk egalik qilishning sabablaridan biri Qur’on, Sunnat va sahobalarning ijmo’ida batafsil bayon qilingan qoidalarga ko‘ra meros hisoblanadi.

“Concerning (the inheritance) for your children: to the male is the equivalent of the portion of two females, and if they (children) were women more than two, then theirs is two-thirds of the inheritance.” [An-Nisa: 11] We understand many rules from His speech. We understand that the male child takes double that which the female child takes. We also understand that the child of the son is treated as the child in cases where there are no (living) children, because the children of the male child (son) are included in the word ‘children.’ This is contrary to the children of the daughter, who are not treated like the children of the son where there are no (living) children. Because the children of the daughter are not included linguistically in the word ‘children.’We understand also that if the children were females, and more than two in number, then they share in twothirds of the inheritance. The Prophet (pbuh) made for the two females a portion equivalent to those who are more than two, and the Sahabah (companions) (ra) made Ijma’a (consensus) on that matter. So the rule in regard to the two females is the same rule for more than two females. These rules have been understood from the general meaning of the verse. According to these rules, the inheritor deserves his portion of the inheritance. Thus, one of the means of property ownership is the inheritance according to its rules, which are detailed in the Qur’an, Sunnah and the Ijma’a of the Sahabah (ra).

Meros — boylikning taqsimlanish vositalaridan biridir. Garchi boylikning taqsimlanishi meros uchun illat (sabab) bo'lmasa ham, balki u meros haqiqatining namoyon bo'lishidir. Boylikka egalik qilish ruxsat etilgach, u bir necha kishining qo'lida hayotlari davomida to'planishi mumkin. Bunday boylik to'planishi ularning vafotidan keyin davom etmasligi uchun, boylikni odamlar o'rtasida taqsimlash vositasi bo'lishi zarur. Haqiqatda ko'rinib turibdiki, meros bu boylikni tabiiy ravishda taqsimlash vositasidir. Tekshirish natijasida ko'rinadiki, boylikning taqsimlanishiga olib keladigan meros uchta holatda bo'ladi:

Inheritance is one of the means by which the wealth is broken up; though the breaking up of the wealth is not an Illah (reason) for the inheritance, rather it is a manifestation of its reality. Once the wealth has been allowed to be possessed, it may then accumulate in the hands of a few individuals during their life. In order that such accumulation of wealth does not continue after their death, it is then necessary to have a means to divide the wealth amongst the people. It is observed in reality that the inheritance is the means of dividing this wealth naturally. Through examination, it is apparent that there are three cases of inheritance by which the wealth is broken up:

a. Birinchi holat — merosxo'rlar meros qonunlariga muvofiq butun merosni oladigan holat bo'lib, bunda barcha boylik ular o'rtasida taqsimlanadi.

a. The first case is when the inheritors take the whole inheritance according to the laws of inheritance, whereby all the wealth is distributed amongst them.

b. Ikkinchi holat — meros qoidalariga ko‘ra butun mulkni olishga haqli vorislar bo‘lmagan holatdir. Masalan, er vafot etib, faqat xotinini qoldirsa yoki xotin vafot etib, faqat erini qoldirsa, shunday holat yuzaga keladi. Bunday hollarda xotin merosning faqat to‘rtdan birini oladi, er esa mulkning faqat yarmini oladi, qolgan meros esa ikki holatda ham Bayt ul-Mol’ga qoldiriladi.

b. The second case is when there are no inheritors who are entitled to take the whole property according to the rules of inheritance. Such a case would be if a husband died leaving behind only a wife or a wife died leaving behind only a husband. In such instances the wife takes only a quarter of the inheritance, and the husband takes only half of the property, while the rest of the inheritance in both cases is left to the Bait ul-Mal.

c. Uchinchi holat — mutlaqo hech qanday merosxo'r bo'lmagan holatdir. Bunday holatda butun mol-mulk Bayt ul-Molga, ya'ni davlat ixtiyoriga topshiriladi.

c. The third case is that when there is absolutely no inheritor at all, and in this case the whole property is put in the Bait ul-Mal, in other words it is left to the State.

Shunday qilib, boylik taqsimlanadi va mulk merosxo'rlarga o'tadi, shu tariqa mulkning almashinuvi odamlar orasida iqtisodiy aylanish shaklida davom etadi. Mulk bir kishining qo'lida to'planib qolmaydi, ya'ni boylik bitta shaxsning qo'lida yig'ilib qolmaydi.

The wealth is thus broken up and the property is transferred to the inheritors, where the exchange of the property resumes in an economic cycle amongst the people. The property is not kept in the hands of a particular person where the wealth accumulates.

Meros huquqiy mulkchilik vositasidir, shuning uchun meros qilib biror narsani olgan kishi uni qonuniy ravishda egallaydi. Demak, meros Islom Shariati ruxsat bergan mulkchilik vositalaridan biridir.

Inheritance is a legal means of property ownership, so anybody who inherits a thing owns it legally. Thus the inheritance is one of the means of property ownership, which the Islamic Shari’ah has permitted.