24.3 Oltin standartining duch kelayotgan muammolari
24.3 Problems facing the Gold Standard
Oltin standarti butun dunyoda qo‘llanilganda, u hech qanday muammoga duch kelmagan. Biroq, buyuk davlatlar dushmanlariga qarshi pul orqali kurashishni tanlaganda, ya’ni oltin standartiga qo‘shib almashtirilmaydigan (majburiy) qog‘oz pul standartini joriy etganda, muammolar paydo bo‘ldi. Shu sababli G‘arb mustamlakachi davlatlari Xalqaro valyuta fondini tashkil etdi, AQSh esa yangi pul standarti asosi sifatida AQSh dollarini joriy qildi. Shunday ekan, oltin standartini qo‘llagan har qanday davlat ularni hal qilish va bartaraf etish uchun o‘rganilishi lozim bo‘lgan ma’lum muammolarga duch keladi. Bu muammolar quyidagilardir:
When the gold standard was applied throughout the whole world, it did not experience any problems. However, problems arose when the superpowers opted to fight their enemies using money, by introducing alongside the gold standard the non exchangeable (compulsory) paper money standard. For this reason, Western colonial powers established the International Monetary Fund, and the USA introduced the U.S. dollar as the basis for the new monetary standard. Hence, any State operating the gold standard would be faced by certain problems which need study in order to solve and overcome them. These problems are as follows: