Tashqi savdo mamlakatlar o‘rtasida pul munosabatlarini yuzaga keltiradi, chunki mamlakat tovarlar narxini o‘zi import qilgan mamlakat valyutasi bilan yoki o‘sha mamlakat qabul qiladigan valyuta bilan to‘lashi kerak bo‘ladi.

Foreign trade generates a monetary relationship between countries, because a country would have to pay the price of commodities with the currency of the country she had imported from, or with a currency acceptable to that country.

Mamlakat o‘z tovarlarini o‘z valyutasida yoki o‘zi tanlagan valyutada sotganda, to‘lovni ham shu valyutada olishi kerak. Aynan shu narsa turli mamlakatlar o‘rtasida pul munosabatlarini vujudga keltiradi.

A country would also have to receive payment for commodities she sells in her own currency or in the currency of her choice. This is what generates a monetary relationship between various countries.

Shuningdek, tovarlarning almashinuvi, ya'ni ko'rinadigan import va eksport ham mavjud. Bundan tashqari, xizmatlar almashinuvi, ya'ni ko'rinmas import va eksport ham bor. Bularga barcha turdagi transport, jumladan yuk va yo'lovchi tashish, xalqaro dengiz yuk tashish va havo yuk tashish, pochta xarajatlari, xalqaro telegraf va telefon xarajatlari, barcha turdagi tijorat xizmatlari, shuningdek barcha komissiya va brokerlik haqlari, hamda turizm sanoati bilan bog'liq barcha xizmatlar kiradi. Turist chet elga tashrif buyurib, o'z daromadining bir qismini u yerda sarflaganida, u o'zi bilan birga o'z mulkidan ham bir qismini olib boradi. Biroq u o'z mamlakatidan shunday narsani olib boradiki, bu unga tashrif buyurayotgan mamlakatda sarflash imkonini beradi: ya'ni yo oldindan kelishuv asosida o'sha mamlakat valyutasidan belgilangan miqdorni sarflash, bunni o'z mamlakati o'z valyutasi bilan qoplashni o'z zimmasiga olgan holda, yoki o'sha mamlakat qabul qiladigan valyutadan ma'lum miqdorni sarflash kelishuvi bo'yicha, agar bunday valyuta uning mamlakatida mavjud bo'lsa.

There is also the exchange of commodities or visible imports and exports. Additionally there is the exchange of services or what are known as invisible imports and exports, these include all types of transport, such as cargo and passenger transport, international shipping and air freight, postal charges, international telegraphic and telephone costs, all types of commercial services, and all the commissions and brokerage charges, as well as all services related to the tourist industry. When a tourist visits a foreign country, and spends some of his income there, He would also be taking some of his property with him. He would however, be taking from his country that which would enable Him to spend in the country He is visiting, either by way of a prior arrangement to spend a specific amount of that country’s currency, which his country would undertake to cover with her own currency, or an arrangement to spend a sum of a currency that is acceptable to that country, subject to the availability of such a currency in his country.

Import xarajatlarini qoplash uchun biz yo‘l-yo‘riq sifatida mahalliy valyutamizni taklif qilib xorijiy valyuta sotib olishimiz yoki xorijiy mamlakatlarda tovarlarni taklif qilib ularning valyutasini olishimiz mumkin. Shuning uchun xorijiy valyutani olish davlat uchun boshqa mamlakatlar bilan savdo munosabatlarini yoki iqtisodiy aloqalarni yo‘lga qo‘yish maqsadida zarurdir.

In order to pay for the cost of imports, we may either offer our local currency in order to buy foreign currency, or commodities may be offered in foreign countries in order to obtain their currencies. The acquisition of foreign currency is therefore essential for the State in order to generate trade relationships, or economic relationships with other countries.

Biroq, davlat pulini faqat savdo yoki iqtisodiy aloqalarni o‘rnatish uchun beqarorlikka duchor qilish yoki uning ishonchliligini zaiflashtirish orqali xavf ostiga qo‘ymasligi kerak. Aksincha, xorijiy iqtisodiy aloqalar ustidan nazorat — ular savdo aloqalari bo‘ladimi yoki boshqacha bo‘ladimi — ushbu pul munosabatlarining asosiy tamoyillaridan biri bo‘lishi lozim. Bu davlat pulini saqlab qolish va shu bilan birga zarur bo‘lgan xorijiy valyutalarni olish imkonini beradi. Bunday siyosatni amalga oshirishga yordam berish uchun davlat qisqa yoki uzoq muddatli qarzlar olishdan saqlanishi kerak, chunki bular uning valyuta bozorida beqarorlikka sabab bo‘ladigan va pulining qadrini pasaytirishi mumkin bo‘lgan omillardan biridir.

However, the state’s currency should not be jeopardised by making it susceptible to instability, or by undermining its credibility, just for the sake of establishing trade or economic relationships. Rather our control over foreign economic relationships, whether these were trade relationships or otherwise, should be one of the fundamentals of these monetary relationships. This would facilitate the preservation of the state’s currency and, at the same time, our acquisition of the foreign currencies that are needed. In order to help achieve such a policy, the State ought to avoid taking up short or long term loans, for these would be one of the matters that cause instability in it’s currency market and may decrease the value of it’s currency.