Tashqi savdo — bu davlatning boshqa davlatlar, xalqlar va millatlar bilan tijorat nuqtai nazaridan bo‘lgan munosabatidir. Boshqacha aytganda, bu ummatning tijorat ishlarini tashqi jihatdan boshqarishdir. Bu siyosat muayyan asoslarga tayanishi va ularga rioya qilishi kerak. Millatlarning tashqi savdo haqidagi qarashlari ular hayot haqida tutgan turli qarashlariga ko‘ra farqlanadi va shunga ko‘ra har bir millat xorijiy davlatlar bilan o‘z munosabatlarini belgilaydi. Millatning tashqi savdo haqidagi qarashi, shuningdek, u o‘z iqtisodiy manfaatlari haqida tutgan qarashiga ko‘ra ham farqlanadi, bunda maqsad iqtisodiy foyda olishdir.

Foreign trade is the relationship of the State with other states, peoples and nations from a commercial angle. In other words, it is the management of the Ummah’s commercial affairs from a foreign angle. This policy should be based on specific fundamentals, and it should adhere to. The nations’ viewpoints about foreign trade vary according to the various viewpoints they hold about life, and each nation would therefore determine her relationships with foreign nations accordingly. A nation’s viewpoint about foreign trade would also vary according to her viewpoint about her own economic interests, aimed at achieving economic gain.

Shunga ko'ra, shuni ta'kidlaymizki, sotsialistlar uchun tashqi savdo munosabatlari dunyoni rivojlantirish haqidagi sotsialistik qarashlariga asoslanadi. Chunki ular iqtisodiy foydani ko'rsalar-da, tovarlarni ular bilan savdo qilayotgan mamlakatlarga qarab tasniflaydilar. Masalan, ular Suriyaga qishloq xo'jaligi uskunalari, o'g'itlar, dori-darmonlar, pishloq va kiyim-kechak kabi iste'mol mollarini ishlab chiqarish uchun sanoat uskunalari, shuningdek, plug va shunga o'xshash uskunalarni sotishga harakat qiladilar. Ularning fikricha, bu kapitalizmga o'tish yo'lidagi taraqqiyotga yordam beradi. Agar ular biror tovarni import qilsalar, faqat ishlab chiqarishni yaxshilaydigan va ularga zarur bo'lgan narsalarni import qiladilar, garchi bu amaliyot hozirda kamayib bormoqda. Bu aslida Britaniya kabi kapitalistik mamlakatlarning siyosatiga zid bo'lib, ular doimo moddiy foyda izlaydi va tashqi savdo siyosatining markaziga maqsadga muvofiqlik tamoyilini qo'yadi. Iqtisodiy foyda keltirar ekan, u barcha xalqlar va millatlarga tovar sotishga tayyor bo'ladi. Amerika siyosatiga kelsak, u Rossiya va Xitoy bilan savdoni muayyan turdagi tovarlar bilan cheklaydi, boshqa turlarini esa butunlay taqiqlaydi. Bu qarashlar bilan emas, balki uning urush siyosati bilan bog'liq. Chunki u bu ikki davlatni, garchi ular u bilan haqiqatda urushmayotgan bo'lsa-da, potentsial urushqoq davlatlar deb hisoblaydi. Bundan tashqari, Amerikaning savdo siyosati ham maqsadga muvofiqlikka asoslangan.

We note therefore, that to the Socialists, the foreign trade relation is based on their Socialist viewpoint about developing the world. For, although they observe economic gains, they classify the commodities according to the countries they deal with. They would attempt to sell to Syria for instance, farming equipment, fertiliser, medicines, industrial equipment for manufacturing of consumable goods, such as cheese and clothing, as well as ploughing equipment and the like. This, in their view, would help the progress towards capitalism. If they imported any commodities, they would only import that which improves the production, and that which they need, although this practice is at present, diminishing. This in fact is in contrast to the policies of the capitalist countries, such as Britain for instance, who always looks for material gain, placing the concept of expediency at the heart of her foreign trade policy. She would sell commodities to all peoples and nations as long as it achieves economic gain. As for the American policy of restricting trading with Russia and China to specific types of commodities and of a total ban on other types, this is not related to the viewpoint, rather to her war policy. This is because she considers these two countries potentially belligerent states, even though they are not effectively at war with her. Apart from this, the American trade policy is based on expediency.

Biroq, G'arb iqtisodchilari tashqi savdo haqida turlicha qarashlarga ega bo'lib kelishgan va natijada turli maktablar paydo bo'lgan, ulardan ba'zilari quyidagilardir: (keyingi maqolani ko'ring)

However, western economists have held different viewpoints about foreign trade and as a result, various schools of thought have emerged, some of these are the following: (check next article)