2-Iqtisodiyot - Islomning iqtisodiy tizimi | Quran Course

2-Iqtisodiyot - Islomning iqtisodiy tizimi | Quran Course

Garchi iqtisod fani va iqtisodiy tizim ikkalasi ham iqtisodiyot bilan shug'ullansa-da, ularning ma'nolari sezilarli darajada farq qiladi. Iqtisodiy tizim boylik miqdoridagi o'zgarishlar ta'siriga uchramaydi. Boylik miqdoridagi o'zgarishlar iqtisodiy tizim shakliga ta'sir qilmaydi. Shuning uchun iqtisodiyotni yagona mavzu sifatida qarash va uni yagona mavzu sifatida muhokama qilish jiddiy xatodir, chunki bu yo hal qilinishi kerak bo'lgan iqtisodiy muammolarni noto'g'ri tushunishga, yoki mamlakatda boylikni oshiruvchi omillarni noto'g'ri anglashga olib keladi. Buning sababi, jamoaning ishlarini boylik yaratish jihatidan boshqarish bir masala, xalqning ishlarini boylikni taqsimlash jihatidan boshqarish esa butunlay boshqa masaladir. Demak, iqtisodiy moddiy narsalarni boshqarish mavzusi uni taqsimlashni boshqarish mavzusidan ajratilishi kerak. Birinchisi vositalar bilan, ikkinchisi esa fikr bilan bog'liqdir. Iqtisodiy tizim hayot qarashiga (muayyan mafkuraning e'tiqodiga) asoslangan fikr sifatida muhokama qilinishi kerak, iqtisod fani esa hayot qarashi bilan hech qanday aloqasi bo'lmagan fan sifatida muhokama qilinishi kerak. Bu o'rinda eng muhim mavzu iqtisodiy tizimdir, chunki iqtisodiy muammo insonning ehtiyojlari, ularni qondirish vositalari va bu vositalardan foydalanish atrofida aylanadi. Vositalar koinotda mavjud bo'lgani uchun ularni ishlab chiqarish ehtiyojlarni qondirishda jiddiy muammo tug'dirmaydi, aksincha, ehtiyojlar insonni bu vositalarni ishlab chiqarishga undaydi. Lekin insonlar o'rtasidagi munosabatlarda, ya'ni jamiyatda mavjud haqiqiy muammo odamlarning bu vositalardan foydalanishiga imkon berish yoki cheklashdan kelib chiqadi. Bu esa insonning ushbu vositalarga egalik qilish masalasidan kelib chiqadi. Iqtisodiy muammoning asosi shudir va uni hal qilish kerak. Shunday ekan, iqtisodiy muammo foyda beruvchi vositalarni ishlab chiqarishdan emas, balki foydalarga egalik qilish masalasidan kelib chiqadi.

Though both economic science and the economic system deal with the economy, their respective meanings differ significantly. The economic system is not affected by fluctuations in the amount of wealth. The fluctuations in the amount of wealth do not affect the form of the economic system. Therefore, it is a serious error to look at the economy as one subject, and to discuss it as one topic, as this leads to either error in understanding the economic problems needing to be solved, or misunderstanding the factors that increase the wealth in the country. This is because the management of the community’s affairs in respect of the creation of wealth is one issue, and the management of the people’s affairs in respect of wealth distribution is another issue entirely. So, the subject of managing the economic material must be separated from the subject of managing its distribution. The first is related to the means and the second is connected with the thought. The economic system must be discussed as a thought that is based upon the viewpoint of life (the creed of a particular ideology), and economic science must be discussed as a science that has no relationship with the viewpoint in life. The most important subject in this context is the economic system, because the economic problem revolves around mankind’s needs, the means of their satisfaction, and utilising these means. Since the means are present in the universe, their production does not cause an essential problem in satisfying the needs, but rather the needs drive man to produce these means. However, the real problem present in the relationships of people i.e. in the society, results from enabling or restricting people from utilising these means. This results from the subject of man’s ownership of these means. This is the basis of the economic problem, which must be treated. So the economic problem results from the subject of possessing the benefits, not from producing the means which give the benefit.