19-bob. Jamoat manfaatlari uchun himo (qo'riqlangan hudud) - Islomning iqtisodiy tizimi | Quran Course

19-bob. Jamoat manfaatlari uchun himo (qo'riqlangan hudud) - Islomning iqtisodiy tizimi | Quran Course

0% read · 2 min left

Islomning iqtisodiy tizimi Bookmark

This chapter was translated automatically from English and may contain mistakes. Read the original

Show original

19-bob. Jamoat manfaatlari uchun himo (qo'riqlangan hudud)

19 Seclusion (Hima) in the Public Interests

by Taqiuddin an-Nabhani2 min readViewed 89 times

Barcha odamlarning jamoat mulklaridan ular uchun belgilangan maqsadda foydalanish huquqi bor. Ulardan belgilangan maqsadidan boshqa maqsadda foydalanilmasligi kerak. Shunday ekan, yo'lni dam olish uchun to'xtash joyi (tanaffus uchun to'xtash) sifatida ishlatish, savdo qilish uchun to'xtash joyi sifatida ishlatish yoki yo'l uchun mo'ljallanmagan boshqa biror narsa uchun ishlatish joiz emas. Chunki yo'l u bo'ylab yurish uchun mavjud. Faqat yo'lda yurishga to'sqinlik qilmaydigan darajada, bu yerda piyodalar uchun zarar yoki qiyinchilik tug'dirmaydigan chegaralangan foydalanish bundan mustasno. Daryolar ham ular mavjud bo'lgan maqsaddan boshqa ishlar uchun ishlatilmasligi kerak. Masalan, agar daryo sug'orish uchun mavjud bo'lsa, kichik daryo kabi, u kema qatnovi (yuk tashish) uchun ishlatilmaydi. Nil va Dajla kabi ikki maqsad uchun ham xizmat qiladigan daryolar esa ikkala maqsad uchun ham ishlatilishi mumkin.

There is a right for all the people to benefit from the public utilities, for the purpose for which they are designated. They should not be used except for the purpose for which they are designated. Thus, it is not allowed to use a road for the purpose of a recess (parking for a break), nor parking to trade, nor anything that the road did not exist for. This is because the road exists for the purpose of travelling upon it; unless it were to be used in such a way that does not interfere with travelling; and this marginal use is evaluated as that which does not cause harm or difficulty for passers by. Rivers also should not be used for other than the matter, which they exist for. So if a river exists for irrigation, as would be the case for example with a small river, then it should not be used for navigation (shipping), while if it exists for both matters, like the Nile and Tigris, it may be used for both.

“Hima (qo‘riqlangan hudud)ga Alloh va Uning Rasulidan boshqa hech kimga ruxsat yo‘q”, deb Abu Dovud Assab ibn Jasama orqali rivoyat qilgan. Arablar orasida hima kelib chiqishining sababi shu ediki, ularning boshlig‘i serunum joyda chodir tikkanida, baland joyda it hurishini buyurar edi. It ovozi qayerga yetsa, o‘sha atrof unga qo‘riqlangan hudud bo‘lar edi, va u yerga boshqalarning mollarini boqishga ruxsat berilmas edi, shu bilan birga, boshlig‘ining o‘z mollari boshqa joylarda boshqalar bilan birga boqilaverardi. Demak, hima — qo‘riqlangan joy bo‘lib, u mubah (hamma uchun ochiq) joydan farq qiladi. Shunday qilib, Islom odamlarning jamoat mulklaridan birortasini o‘z foydasi uchun boshqalarni chetlatib qo‘riqlashini man qildi. Shunga ko‘ra, hadisning ma’nosi quyidagicha: musulmonlarning hammasiga tegishli bo‘lgan narsalardan birortasini (o‘z foydalanishi uchun) qo‘riqlashga Alloh va Uning Rasulidan boshqa hech kimning haqqi yo‘q, chunki faqat ular o‘zlari munosib deb bilgan narsalarni qo‘riqlash huquqiga egadirlar. Alloh Elchisi ﷺ shu asosda ish tutib, ba’zi joylarni qo‘riqlab qo‘ygan. Ibn Umardan rivoyat qilinadi: “Nabiy ﷺ musulmonlarning otlari uchun Naqi’ (yeri) ni qo‘riqlab qo‘ygan”, bu rivoyatni Abu Ubayd “Al-amval” (mol-mulk) kitobida keltirgan. Ya’ni Nabiy ﷺ an-Naqi’a deb ataladigan joyni qo‘riqlagan, ya’ni suvga to‘la singan va shu sabab serunum bo‘lgan yerni, u Madinadan 20 farsax (uzunlik o‘lchovi) masofada joylashgan edi. Shu sababli odamlarga bu o‘lik (ekilmagan) yerda yashash man etildi, shunda yaylovlar o‘sishi mumkin bo‘ldi va maxsus podalar boqishga ruxsat etildi, boshqalarga esa man qilindi.

“There is no seclusion (Hima) except for Allah and His Messenger,” narrated by Abu Dawud through Ass’ab ibn Jathama. The origin of seclusion (Hima) to the Arabs was that their chief, when he camped in a fertile place, would let a dog bark at the top of a high place, and wherever the voice of the dog reached on all sides, that area would be protected for him, and no one would be allowed to send his cattle (flock) to graze inside it, while he was still able to graze his flock with other people in other places. So the sanctuary (Hima) is the protected place, and it is different from the allowed (Mubah) place. Thus, Islam prevented people from secluding any of the public things for their own use to the exclusion of the others. Accordingly, the meaning of the Hadith is that no one is allowed to protect (for one’s use) any of those things, which belong to all Muslims, except Allah and His Messenger, for only they have the right to protect any of these things they deem appropriate. The Messenger of Allah acted in accordance with this, so he protected some places. It is narrated from Ibn ’Umar, “that the Prophet protected the (land of) Naqee’a for the horses of the Muslims,” narrated by Abu Ubayd in the book of Al-amwal (properties) i.e. the Prophet protected a place called an-Naqee’a i.e. a land which was thoroughly soaked with water and was therefore fertile, it was 20 farsakh (a measure of length) from Al-Madina. So people were prohibited from inhabiting this dead (uncultivated) land, thus the pastures could grow, and special flocks were allowed to graze whilst others were prohibited.