1.2 伊斯兰教的普遍适用性
1.2 The Universal Applicability of Islam
伊斯兰教法(沙里亚)将男性和女性视为人类来对待,而不是将他们看作生活在某个特定时代或地点的人。无论一个男人或女人生活在现在还是一百年后,他们都具有相同的基本需求和本能,例如对饮食的需要、繁衍后代的欲望,而这些都必须得到满足。此外,它并不把人仅仅看作经济或社会性的存在,而是视为一个完整的整体,每个人都有各种需求,无论是社会性的、经济性的、繁衍方面的还是其他方面的。伊斯兰教为生活的所有这些不同领域都给出了天命律例(哈昆)。
The Shari‘ah (Islamic law) addresses men and women as human beings, not as people living in a particular time or place. And whether a man or a woman is living now or in 100 years time, they would still have the same basic needs and instincts, such as the need to eat and drink or the desire to procreate, and these would still have to be satisfied. As well it does not regard humans as just economic or social beings, rather as an integrated whole, with each person having various needs, be they social, economic, procreational or otherwise. Islam has given a hukm (divine rule) for all of these different areas in life.
此外,ijtihad(学者依据伊斯兰经典进行的竭力推论,以确定一条律例)是对新问题依据伊斯兰教法进行评估的方法。因此,如果某个问题,例如太空探索或电子邮件,并未被伊斯兰经典明确涵盖,就可以通过ijtihad的方法推导出该问题的hukm(律例),从而使人们能够始终遵守伊斯兰教,并在任何情况下完整地崇拜安拉(SWT)。
Also, the process of ijtihad (divine exertion from the Islamic texts by a scholar to ascertain a rule) is the method by which new issues can be evaluated according to the Shari‘ah. So if an issue, like for example space exploration or electronic mailing, is not explicitly covered by the Islamic texts, there can be deduced by the process of ijtihad a hukm for that issue, thus enabling and ensuring that people can abide by Islam always, and thereby worship Allah (swt) completely, whatever the circumstances.
这样,伊斯兰制度调节着我们的一切需求与本能,既不忽视其中任何一项,也不受限于某个特定的时间或地点;从个人的清洁卫生,到伊斯兰国的对外政策,它都为我们提供指引。因此,伊斯兰的适用性与现实意义直至末日都得到了保障。
In this way, the Islamic system regulates all our needs and instincts, without neglecting any of them or being restricted to any particular time or place, and it gives us guidance in every issue, from personal cleanliness to the foreign policy of the Islamic State. Thus the applicability and relevance of Islam is guaranteed until the Day of Judgement.