10.3.6 担任法官的条件
10.3.6 The Conditions Required for the Position of Judge
任何担任法官一职的人都必须是：
Anyone taking up the post of judge must be :
穆斯林。
1) Muslim.
2) 免费
2) Free.
3) 成熟
3) Mature.
4) 理智健全
4) Sane.
5) 公正（'adl）。
5) Just (‘adl).
6) 法学家（Faqih，精通教法的学者），能够将教法规则运用于具体情况。
6) Faqih (learned scholar), able to apply the rules to the situations.
7) 他们必须具备三种主要感官的能力——视觉、听觉和言语。
7) They must have the faculty of the three main senses - sight, hearing and speech.
对于担任“madhaalim”（申冤审理，即“诉讼审判”）职务的人而言，除了前文提及的条件外，他还必须是男性，并且是一名mujtahid（教法学家），与最高法官（Qadi al-Qada‘a）相同，因为此职位实际上属于司法与统治权范畴，他要审判统治者，并对其执行伊斯兰教法。因此，除了担任法官所需的其他条件外，他还必须是男性。
For the person who takes up the judiciary of madhaalim, in addition to the conditions mentioned, he must also be male and a mujtahid (legist), just like the supreme judge (Qadi al-Qada‘a), for his post is in fact one of judiciary and of ruling, where he judges the ruler and executes the Shari‘ah upon him. Therefore he must be male in addition to the other conditions for the post of judge .
除了须为faqih（精通教法者）之外，他还应当是mujtahid（独立立法的学者）。因为在他可能被要求审理的不公之事（madhaalim）中，有一类是考察统治者是否以非真主所降示的律法进行统治，即依据一种没有沙里亚证据支持的法律进行裁决，或者所依据的证据与该事件并不相关。而只有mujtahid才能处理这类不公之事。因此，如果他不是mujtahid，他就是在对自己知之甚少或完全无知的事情进行裁决，而这是被禁止的。所以，除了统治者和法官应具备的条件之外，他还应当是mujtahid。
As well as being faqih he should also be a mujtahid, for part of the madhaalim that he could be required to look into is whether the ruler has ruled by other than what Allah has revealed, i.e. ruled by a law that has no Shari‘ah evidence to back it, or in case the evidence he used does not relate to the event, and only the mujtahid can deal with such madhlama. Therefore if he were not a mujtahid, he would be judging on something he knows little about or has no knowledge of at all, and that is forbidden. Therefore, in addition to the conditions of the ruler and those of the judge, he also should be a mujtahid.