在伊斯兰社会中，男性与女性相互接触的区域有两种类型，它们在性质描述和相关的艾哈卡姆（律例）上都有很大不同。这些区域中人与人之间的互动方式，可能涉及男性之间、女性之间以及男性与女性之间的交往。它们是：

In an Islamic society, there are two types of areas where men and women come into contact with each other, which are quite different in their descriptions and in the ahkam (rules) which relate to them. The nature of the interaction between people in them may involve the mixing among men, among women, and between men and women. These are :

这些是任何人无需许可即可进入的场所，例如清真寺、街道等。

These consist of areas wherein anybody can be present without permission, e.g. the mosque, the streets etc.

这些是需要获得许可才能进入的地方，例如房屋。在这些地方，未经许可而进入，甚至向内窥视，都是被禁止的。萨赫勒·本·萨阿德传述：“有一个人从一个圆孔窥视先知ﷺ的住所，当时先知ﷺ手里拿着一把铁梳子，正在抓挠自己的头。先知ﷺ说：‘如果我知道你在窥视（通过那个孔），我就会用它（梳子）刺瞎你的眼睛。确实，要求在进入（住所）前征得许可的规定，正是因为那种窥视而被制定的（即人不应非法地窥看他人的状况）。’”布哈里圣训集录。

These are areas where permission is required to enter them, such as houses. In such areas, it is forbidden to enter without permission, or even to look inside. Sahl ibn Sa’ad narrated, “A man peeped through a round hole into the dwelling place of the Prophet (saw) while he had an iron comb with which he was scratching his head. He (saw) said, ‘Had I known you were looking (through the hole) I would have pierced your eye with it (the comb). Verily, the order of taking permission to enter (a dwelling place) has been enjoined because of that sight (that one should not look unlawfully at the state of others)’. ” Bukhari.

伊斯兰教规定了调整男女关系的各项准则。

Islam defines rules which regulate relationship between men and women.

这一规定涉及人们在私密场所中的行为准则。原则上，非利害关系人（非mahram）的男女之间相互混杂是被禁止的。然而，伊斯兰教法（Shari‘ah）在某些特殊情况下允许男女混杂。在所有这些情况下，女性身边必须有一位mahram（不可通婚的近亲）在场。这些场所包括：

This concerns the conduct of people when they are in the private areas. Here, the principle is that mixing between unrelated (non-mahram) men and women is forbidden as a general rule. However, the Shari‘ah gives permit for mixing to occur under certain special circumstances. In all these cases, a woman must have a mahram (non-marriageable relative) in her presence. The areas include:

医学：男女因寻求医疗救治的目的而相互接触是被允许的。

Medicine : It is allowed for men and women to mix for the purpose of seeking medical treatment.

学习：如果男女同处一班的目的是学习伊斯兰教知识或其他伊斯兰教法允许的教育，那么允许男女同班学习。

Studying : It is allowed for men and women to be present in the same class if the purpose of their mixing is learning about Islam or other types of education permitted by the Shari‘ah.

婚姻:在为了举行、见证或庆祝婚礼的场合,男人与女人同处一地是被允许的。

Marriage : It is permitted for men and women to be present in the same place for the purpose of performing, witnessing or celebrating a marriage.

食物：男人和女人可以在同一个地方一起吃饭。

Food : Men and women may eat together in the same place.

国家逮捕：凡涉及国家事务的事宜，经哈里发授权，警察为履行其职责而有必要进入可能有妇女在场的私人场所，这是允许的。

State Arrest : In any issues involving the affairs of the State, it is permitted for the police on the authority of the Khaleefah, to enter into a private place where women may be present, if this is required for them to conduct their business.

胁迫或强制:在绝对必要或紧急情况下,例如地震、战争或飓风时,为消除任何危险或威胁,允许男女之间必要的混杂。

Duress or Compulsion : At times of absolute necessity or emergency, such as earthquakes, war or hurricanes, the necessary mixing is permitted for men and women in order to remove any danger or threat.

这段内容涉及人们在公共场所中的行为规范。同样,原则是:非亲属(非玛哈兰)的男女之间的混杂是被禁止的,这是一般规定。然而,伊斯兰教法允许在某些特殊情况下出现混杂(即同处于同一区域)。在所有这些情况下,女性身边并不必须有玛哈兰陪同。这些场所大致可以归为以下几类:

This concerns the conduct of people when they are in the public areas. Here again, the principle is that mixing between unrelated (non-mahram) men and women is forbidden as a general rule. However, the Shari‘ah gives permit for mixing (in the sense of presence in the same area) to occur under certain special circumstances. In all these cases, it is not a condition that a woman has a mahram in her presence. The areas can be broadly categorised to include :

这涉及男女之间在街道、清真寺、市场、医院、商店、办公室、机场以及朝觐等场合中不可避免的互动。

This involves the unavoidable interaction between men and women in areas like streets, mosques, markets, hospitals, businesses, offices, airports, while performing the Hajj etc.

为了邀请非穆斯林皈依伊斯兰，或为穆斯林教授宗教知识，男女可以同在一个公共场所，例如公共礼堂、讲座教室等。

For the purpose of inviting non-Muslims to Islam, or teaching the Muslims about the deen, men and women may be present in the same public area, e.g. public halls, lecture rooms etc.

为了教育的目的，只要学校、大学、学院是不需要许可即可进入的公共场所，男性和女性都可以在其中学习。

For the purpose of education, men and women may study in schools, universities, colleges as long as they are public places that do not require permission for entry.

在所有这些男女同时在场的情况中，不得自由混杂，即男女彼此混合相处。相反，男女必须分开，例如女性在房间的后面，男性在前面。总的原则是尽可能减少异性成员之间的任何接触，因此异性成员之间的任何接触都必须是处理当前事务所必需的。例如在伊斯兰国家，火车或公共汽车上会有男女分开的区域。

In all these cases, where men and women are present at the same time, there must not be free mixing, where both sexes are mingling with each other. Rather, the men and the women must be separated, such that for example, the women are at the back of the room and the men are at the front. The general rule is that any contact between members of the opposite sex is minimised as much as possible, so any contact between members of the opposite sex must be necessary to the business at hand. Thus in the Islamic State, for example, in the trains or buses there would be separate areas for men and women.

无论如何，所从事的活动本身必须是合法的（即允许的）。因此，非近亲（非马赫拉姆）的男女之间为了娱乐、消遣或休闲而交往，是严格禁止的。所以，男朋友/女朋友的关系、约会，或与无血缘关系的女性一同享受消遣和陪伴，都是哈拉姆（禁止的）。然而，伊斯兰教认为这类活动是可以接受的，但前提是它们必须在婚姻的框架内加以规范。

In any case, the activities which are occurring must be halal (i.e. permitted) in nature. Accordingly, mixing between non-mahram men and women for the purpose of amusement, leisure-actvities or entertainment is strictly prohibited. Thus issues such as boyfriend/ girlfriend relationships, dating, or enjoying leisure and company with unrelated women is haram. However, Islam does see these types of activities as acceptable, but only when regulated within the framework of marriage.