(1) 阿勒-卡塔提卜（Al-Katatib）：是“库塔卜”（kuttab）的复数形式，指教授《古兰经》书写和算术的地方。在伊斯兰国统治时期，各城镇和乡村中都存在这些“卡塔提卜”。

(1) Al-Katatib: Which is the plural of kuttab, is the place where the Qur’an writing and calculating are taught. These katatib were present throughout the reign of the Islamic State in the cities and villages.

(2) 清真寺：学者和圣训专家过去常在宏伟的中央清真寺举办学习小组，他们在那里端坐讲授，或辩论教法、古兰经注释、语言学和圣训等问题；他们的学生则前来参加。

(2) The Mosques: The scholars and the hadith experts used to hold study circles in the majestic central mosques, where they used to sit and teach or debate matters of fiqh, tafseer, language and hadith; these used to be attended by their pupils.

（3）古兰经中心：最早设立专门教授《古兰经》的中心的人，是受业者拉沙·本·纳提夫·达马什基，时间在伊历400年的大马士革。

(3) The Qur’an centres: The first to establish a separate centre for the teaching of Qur’an was the receptor Rasha ibn Nathif al-Dimashqi, and that was in Damascus in the year 400 Hijri.

(4) 圣训研习中心：首个专门从事圣训教学的中心，同样由阿勒-马立克·阿德勒·努尔丁·马哈茂德·赞吉在大马士革建立。

(4) The Hadith centres: The first to establish a centre specialising in the teaching of hadith was al-Malik al-Adil Nureddine Mahmud al- Zanki, in Damascus as well.

(5) 学院：这些学院建立于伊斯兰历第五世纪的大马士革。每门学科都设有专门的学院，例如大马士革的土木工程学院和医学院。

(5) The Schools: These were established in the fifth century of Hijrah in Damascus; there was a school for every subject such as the school of civil engineering in Damascus and the school of medicine.

(6) 大学：这些大学创办于伊历第五世纪中叶。哈凯姆·本·阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼创办了科尔多瓦大学，它是当时最著名的教育中心之一。其他大学也在许多地方相继建立，例如巴格达的穆斯坦西里耶大学。欧洲各地的学子都来此类学府求学。

(6) The Universities: These were established in the middle of the fifth century Hijri. Al-Hakam ibn Abdul Rahman established the university of Cordoba which was one of the most famous centres of education at the time. Other universities were established in many places such as the Mustansiryya university in Baghdad. Students from all over Europe sought admission to these types of institutions.

这些大学培养了许多学者，他们在科学界今日所取得的发明成就中发挥了重要作用，例如花拉子米、伊本·海赛姆、伊本·西那、贾比尔·本·哈ששن（Jabir ibn Hayyan）、拉齐以及其他人。

These universities educated many scholars who played an influential part in what the world of science has reached today in terms of inventions, such as Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn al-Haytham, Ibn Sina, Jabir ibn Hayyan, Al-Razi and others.