9.3.2 伊斯兰国的教育服务
9.3.2 Education Services of the Islamic State
许多西方人对其所提供的教育水准深感着迷。本节希望概述伊斯兰国家将提供的各项服务。
Many in the West are mesmerised by the standard of education provided. This section hopes to outline services an Islamic State would provide.
国家应确保为每一位男性和女性提供小学和中学阶段的免费教育,并应努力为所有人提供大学阶段的免费教育。这是因为,为国家的每一位公民提供其生活各方面所需的教育是一项基本必需,因此提供教育是国家的责任(尤其是在小学和中学教育已成为基本必需品而非奢侈品的今天)。因此,国家有义务确保每个人都受到此等程度的教育。至于高等教育,其中一些学科也是必需的,例如医学和采矿工业的研究,国家应当提供此类教育;而对于被视为非必需的学科,例如文学,若有资金,国家也应提供此类学习。
The State would ensure the provision of free education to every male and female at both primary and secondary levels, and it would also endeavour to provide free education to everyone at university level. This is so because providing every single citizen of the State with the education he or she needs in all aspects of life is an essential necessity, therefore it is the State’s duty to provide it (especially now that the primary and secondary education have become basic necessities rather than luxuries). It is therefore an obligation upon the State to ensure that every individual is educated to such levels. As for the higher studies, some of these are also a necessity, such as medicine and study of the mining industry for instance, and the State should provide such education; whereas what is considered to be non essential studies such as literature, the State should provide such studies if funds were available.
国家还将在学校和学院之外设立图书馆与实验室,供实验性学科的研究使用,使那些希望深造的人能够继续学习各类学科,例如伊斯兰教法学(fiqh)、圣训学(hadith)、古兰经注释学(tafseer),或医学、土木工程、化学等。
The State would also set up libraries and laboratories for experimental fields of study, in other than the schools and colleges in order to enable those who wish to take up further studies to do so, in various subjects such as fiqh, hadith and tafseer, or medicine, civil engineering, chemistry etc....
以上所述都将使乌玛能够容纳相当数量的穆জ़तहिद(独立法学家)、科学家和发明家。据报道,在伊斯兰统治时期,巴格达的一条街道便曾是众多独立法学家和科学家聚集之地。撒马尔罕、布哈拉、大马士革、汉志诸城、凯鲁万、科尔多瓦等城市,曾云集大学与学子,这在当时体现了伟大伊斯兰国家的强盛与显赫地位,它在军事、经济及其他各个领域都处于领先地位。
All the above would allow the Ummah to host a sizeable number of mujtahideen, scientists and inventors. It has been reported that during the Islamic rule, a single street of Baghdad used to be a venue for many mujtahideen and scientists. The cities of Samarqand, Bukhara, Damascus, the cities of Hijaz, Al-Qayrawan, Cordoba and others used to be crowded with universities and students, which at the time reflected the might and the high profile of the greater Islamic State which was the leading power in every domain, be it military, economic or otherwise.