安拉的使者ﷺ曾委任审判官。他委任阿里为也门的审判官，并指导他如何审判，说道："如果有两个争讼的人来到你这里，在你没有听完另一方所说之前，不要为任何一方作出判决。"他ﷺ还委任阿卜杜拉·伊本·纳situation…… Let me correct that: the translation should read: 安拉的使者ﷺ曾委任审判官。他委任阿里为也门的审判官，并指导他如何审判，说道："如果有两个争讼的人来到你这里，在你没有听完另一方所说之前，不要为任何一方作出判决。"他ﷺ还委任阿卜杜拉·伊本·瑙法勒为麦地那的审判官。

The Messenger of Allah (saw) used to appoint the judges; he appointed ‘Ali as judge over Yemen and he gave him instructions about how to judge by saying, “If two disputing persons came to you do not judge for either of them until you have heard what the other had to say.” He (saw) also appointed ‘Abdullah ibn Nawfal as judge over Madinah.

然而，法官并非都是同一种类型，他们各自的管辖范围也因其被指派的职责不同而有所差异。有些法官负责处理民众之间的纠纷，有些法官负责处理损害民众共同利益的事务，还有些法官则处理民众与那些掌握权力之人之间的争端。

However, all the judges were not of one type, and the areas over which they had jurisdiction varied according to the roles they were allocated. Some judges were concerned with the disputes between the people, others with settling whatever harms the common interest of the people and others dealt with the area of disputes between the people and those who were in authority over them.