为了探讨伊斯兰的经济制度，我们首先需要阐明伊斯兰对追求物质福祉的立场。这是因为"dunya"（今世、人世）一词与物质财富或世俗事务相关联，在许多穆斯林心中已变成了一个令人反感的词语。

In order to address the Economic System in Islam, we first of all need to clarify the position of Islam in relation to the quest for material well being. This is because the word dunya (life), which is associated with material wealth or worldly matters has become a dirty word for many Muslims.

将din与dunya分离（即世俗主义的表现）是一种源自西方基督教的观念，近来已在穆斯林中被广泛接受。因此，追求经济或世俗事务上的增长被视为不妥，而持续从事礼拜及其他个人功修则被认为值得获得回报。于是，许多穆斯林感到困惑，过着一种双重的生活。一方面，金钱有其影响力；它带来地位，使生活舒适，因此他们热切地追求它。另一方面，他们又感到内疚，认为自己的努力应当用于“宗教性”的义务。

The separation of deen from dunya (i.e. the manifestation of secularism) is a Western-Christian concept that has recently become widely internalised amongst Muslims. Consequently, seeking to increase in economic or worldly matters is frowned upon, while continuous engagement in prayer and other personal ibadat is regarded as rewardable. As such, many Muslims get confused and conduct a double life. On the one hand, money talks; it gives status and makes life comfortable, so they seek it vigorously. On the other, they feel guilty, thinking that their effort should be spent on ‘religious’ duties.

这是由于对伊斯兰教中经济问题的地位存在误解所致。毫无疑问，伊斯兰教反对苦修主义，认为人在经济活动（依照伊斯兰教法）中的行为是完全合法的，有时甚至是必须和必要的。伊斯兰教中有许多训诫暗示了这一点。例如，安拉（SWT）在《古兰经》中说："你们当散布在大地上。"

This is due to a misunderstanding of the position of the economic question in Islam. There is no doubt that Islam is opposed to monasticism and views the economic activities (based upon the Shari‘ah) of man as quite lawful and sometimes even obligatory and necessary. We find many injunctions in Islam that allude to this. For example, Allah (swt) says in the Qur’an: “Disperse through.

“你们可以在大地上散开，寻求真主的恩赐。”[TMQ 62:10]

“Disperse through the land and seek the bounty of Allah.” [TMQ 62:10].

他还说道：

He also says,.

“安拉允许买卖。”[TMQ 2:275]

“Allah has permitted trade” [TMQ 2:275].

而且更直接地，安拉（SWT）说，

and even more directly, Allah (swt) says,.

“你要借真主赐予你的，追求后世的住所，你也不要忘记你在今世的福分。”（{28:77}）

“Seek the other world by means of that which Allah has bestowed upon you, and do not be negligent about your share in this world.” [TMQ 28:77].

这些都与经济活动有关。

These are all in reference to economic activity.

在圣训中，我们可以看到，先知穆罕默德ﷺ教导我们最常诵念的一句祈祷词是："我们的主啊，求你赐给我们今世的美好，也赐给我们后世的美好。"

In the Sunnah, we find that one of the most commonly said du‘as that the Prophet (saw) taught us is: “Our Lord give us the good in this life and the good in the hereafter.”.

尽管如此,我们在《古兰经》中仍能看到这样的表述:

But despite this, we find expressions in the Qur’an which state:

“今世的生活只是一种虚幻的享受。”[TMQ 3:185]

“The life of this world is but a delusion” [TMQ 3:185].

“你们互相竞求增多财富，直到你们进了坟墓。”——《古兰经》102:1 Wait, I need to correct that: the translation should render the user's text, not reproduce the Qur'an from memory. Here is the faithful translation of the given text: “相互竞争地追逐积累今世的美好事物，使你们忘记了更重要的事情”[《古兰经》102:1]

“The mutual rivalry for piling up the good things of this world diverts you from the more serious things” [TMQ 102:1].

……以及其他许多经文，指出人天生贪恋财富（{89:20}），并且在这种贪欲面前变得粗暴（{100:8}），还会变得自夸和傲慢（{11:10}），诸如此类（以上所引均为《古兰经》经文）。

and many others, stating that man has lust and greed for wealth [89:20] and that he is violent at this greed [100:8] and that he becomes boastful and proud [11:10] and so on (all references to the Qur‘an).

这乍看起来似乎自相矛盾。但实际上，伊斯兰教教导我们，人存在的真正目的，是在今世以做人的身份，通过善行（即遵守沙里亚）来崇拜安拉(SWT)。因此，一切为维持此世生活所必需的事物，对人而言也就变得不可或缺了。

This apparently sounds like a contradiction in terms. But actually, what we are taught by Islam is that the real objective of our existence is to worship Allah (swt) through righteous conducts (i.e. obedience to the Shari‘ah) by living as humans in this world. So all those things that are necessary for this life become essential for man.

诚然，承认物质生活的富足重要，甚至是必须的，这是一回事；而把它视为人生的终极目标和思想与行动的中心，则是另一回事。伊斯兰经济问题之所以产生混淆，正源于此。

It is one thing to say that material well being is important and even compulsory but it is quite another to say that it is the ultimate goal and centre of thought and action in life. This is where the confusion arises about the Islamic economic question.

Islamic economics and all materialist economic systems (that is, Capitalism and Communism) differ fundamentally on exactly this point. The materialists hold that economic well-being is the ultimate goal of human life, whereas Islam holds that these things may be necessary and indispensable, but cannot be the true purpose of life. Economic pursuits become a temptation or a delusion only when a person loses sight of his real purpose in pursuing them.

The fundamental difference between Islamic economics and all materialist (i.e. Capitalist/Communist) ones is precisely this. The materialists view that economic well being is the ultimate end of human life, while Islam says that these things may be necessary and indispensable, but cannot be the true purpose of life. Economic endeavours only become an allurement or delusion if man loses sight of his real purpose in their pursuit.

因此，正确的道路是：按照真主（SWT）和祂的使者所规定的方式，全面投身于世俗经济生活，无论在社会层面还是个人层面皆是如此。先知ﷺ说："你们为今世工作，就像要永远活着一样；为后世工作，就像明天就要死去一样。"

The right path to follow therefore is to fully engage into worldly economic life in the manner prescribed by Allah (swt) and His Prophet (saw), both at a societal and individual level. The Prophet (saw) said: “Work for your worldly life as if you were going to live forever, but work for the life to come as if you were going to die tomorrow.”