伊斯兰社会制度有三个主要目标。它们是：

There are three main objectives of the Social System in Islam. These are :

定义男女的角色。

To define the roles of men and women.

为了规范男女之间的关系，并解决由这种关系所引发的种种问题。

To organise the relationship between men and women and to solve the problems that arise from this relationship.

为了规范家庭结构。

To regulate the family structure.

所有人类为实现这些目标而必须遵守的规则与法律，都由沙里亚（Shari‘ah）所规定。有些角色是男性和女性各自独有的，也有些角色对两性都适用。

All the rules and laws which human beings are subject to in order to fulfil these objectives are defined by the Shari‘ah. Some roles are unique to men and women and some apply to both.

一个人在与周围的人相处时，可以扮演不同的角色。伊斯兰教根据他所处的身份，为他规定了不同的权利和义务。他可能扮演的一些角色包括：

A man can take different roles with regard to his relationship with those around him. Islam defines different rights and duties for the man depending on which capacity he is acting in. Some of the roles he could have are as :

祖父。

Grandfather.

母舅 / 叔伯

Maternal/ Paternal Uncle.

父亲。

Father.

兄弟。

Brother.

儿子。

Son.

丈夫

Husband.

母系侄子 / 父系侄子

Maternal / Paternal Nephew.

无关的男人。

Unrelated man.

以下是根据男子能力不同而对其所负有的各种权利与义务的一些例子：

Some examples of the different rights and duties incumbent upon the man depending on his capacity are :

父亲有责任为子女提供食物、住所和衣物，直到他们成年并能够自食其力。此后，他的供养便成为一种施舍。

The father must provide food, shelter and clothing for his children, until such a time that they are mature, and able to support themselves, after which his support becomes a charity.

‘A’isha (ra) 叙述：Hind bint Utbah 来到安拉的使者ﷺ处，她说：“安拉的使者啊，Abu Sufyan 是个吝啬的人，我除了从他那里拿走自己所需的，就一无所有。”先知ﷺ说：“你和你的孩子按照合理的方式，取用足够你们的所需。”《Kitab al Umm》，Imam Shafi‘i。

‘A’isha (ra) narrated that Hind bint Utbah came to the Messenger of Allah (saw) and she said, “Oh Rasul Allah, Abu Sufyan is a miserly man and I have nothing from him except what I take for myself.” The Prophet (saw) said, “Take what is sufficient for you and your child with justice.” Kitab al Umm, Imam Shafi‘i.

儿子有义务（即为法定义务，fard）在那些属于允许（mubah）且属于父母权利的事务上服从母亲或父亲，例如侍奉他们、照顾他们；在那些属于儿子自己选择的事务上服从父母，例如娶谁为妻、穿什么衣服等，则是值得推荐的（mandub）。如果父母命令他违抗真主，他就禁止服从他们。(SWT)

The son is obliged (i.e. it is fard) to obey the mother or father in those areas which are mubah (permitted) and are the right of the parent, e.g. to serve them or look after them, and is mandub (recommended) to obey them in areas which are the choice of the son, e.g. who to marry, what to wear etc. It is forbidden for him to obey his parents if they order him to disobey Allah (swt).

“我们确已嘱咐人要善待自己的父母。他的母亲怀他时身受一重又一重的苦楚，断奶则在两年之内。（请听从这命令）你要感谢我和你的父母，你的归宿在于我。但如果他们极力让你以我所不知的事物与我并列为物，你就不要顺从他们。”[《古兰经》31:14-15]

“And we have enjoined upon man to be good to his parents. In travail upon travail did his mother bear him. And in years twain was his weaning : (Hear the command) Show gratitude to Me and your parents : To me is (your final) goal. But if they strive to make you join in worship with me things of that which you have no knowledge, obey them not.” [TMQ 31:14-15].

禁止非亲属的男子怀着淫欲之心注视女子。

It is forbidden for an unrelated man to gaze at a woman with lustful intentions.

贾利尔·本·阿卜杜拉传述说：“我曾向安拉的使者ﷺ询问关于突然瞥见（非mahram）面容的事。他命令我把目光移开。”穆斯林圣训实录。

Jarir ibn ‘Abdullah reported, “I asked Allah’s Messenger about the sudden glance (that is cast) on the face (of a non-mahram). He commanded me that I should turn away my eyes.” Muslim.

女性同样可以承担不同的角色。她的职责因其所处的身份而有所不同。

The woman too can take different roles. Her duties vary depending on which capacity she acts in.

在女性可以承担的角色中，以下是一些重要的角色：

Among the roles that a woman can take, these are some of the important ones :

母亲

Mother.

姨母/姑母

Maternal/ Paternal Aunt.

祖母

Grandmother.

姐妹。

Sister.

女儿。

Daughter.

妻子

Wife.

侄女（母系 / 父系）

Maternal / Paternal Niece.

无关的女人。

Unrelated woman.

乳母（即通过哺乳而成为的母亲）。

Wet-nurse (i.e. mother by breast-feeding).

以下是这些角色可能涉及的一些例子：

Here are a few examples of what some of these roles may entail:

母亲在子女的顺从与尊敬方面，比父亲拥有更多的权利。

The mother has more right of obedience and respect from her children than the father.

艾卜·胡莱赖(愿安拉喜悦之)传述:有一人来到先知ﷺ那里,问道:"安拉的使者啊,在所有人中,我应当以善待和善处来对待谁,才最有资格?"先知ﷺ回答:"你的母亲。"那人又问:"之后呢?"他说:"你的母亲。"那人又问:"再之后呢?"他说:"你的母亲。"那人又问:"再之后呢?"他说:"你的父亲。"——布哈里与穆斯林辑录。

Abu Hurayrah related that a man came to the Prophet (saw) and asked, “O Rasul Allah, which of all the people is best entitled to kind treatment and good companionship from me? He answered, ‘your mother.’ The man asked, ‘Then who?’ He said, ‘Your mother.’ ‘And after her?’ He replied, ‘Your mother.’ ‘And after her?’ He replied, ‘Your father.’ .” Bukhari and Muslim.

女儿外出需要得到她的监护人（wali）的许可，监护人通常是她的丈夫或父亲。拜哈基（Baihaqi）传述，先知ﷺ说：“对于信仰真主和末日的女人而言，若丈夫不喜，便不得让人进入丈夫的家中；若丈夫厌恶，便不得外出。”姨母对年幼的外甥或外甥女的抚养权，比除父母之外的任何其他亲属都更大。

The daughter needs the permission from her waliy (guardian), who is usually her husband or father, to leave the house. Baihaqi narrated that the Prophet (saw) said, “It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day to allow someone into her husband’s house if he is opposed, or to go out if he is averse.” The maternal aunt has more right of custody over her young nephew or niece, than any other relation apart from the mother and father.