9 教育体系
9 The Education System
9.1 教育制度的相关事实
9.1 Facts About the Education System
在伊斯兰国,过去由外国帝国主义者及其代理人设立和经营的学校、机构和大学,例如拉合尔的艾奇逊学院、达卡的圣约瑟夫学校、吉隆坡的圣约翰学院等,都将被关闭。这些机构是有意设立的,旨在向年轻的穆斯林灌输非伊斯兰的思想,在他们心中植入对西方生活方式的敬畏与崇拜。
In the Islamic State, schools, institutions and universities which were previously set up and run by the foreign imperialists and their agents, such as Aitcheson College, Lahore, St Joseph’s School, Dhaka, St Johns Institution, Kuala Lumpur etc. will be shut down. These are institutions deliberately set up to inculcate young Muslims with non-Islamic ideas to implant in their minds awe and adulation of the Western way of life.
伊斯兰国将设立自己的媒体部门,用以在全世界宣扬伊斯兰教和伊斯兰价值观,并驳斥不信道者所散布的一切谎言和误解。国家将运用并探索一切最新的技术与科学通信手段,例如卫星、电子邮件、电视会议等,以教育哈里发国的公民。在穆斯林世界中存在的外国媒体来源,如英国广播公司世界频道、美国有线电视新闻网、美国之音等,它们旨在迷惑、攻击穆斯林并使其偏离伊斯兰教,这些媒体将被禁止。
The Islamic State will have its own media department which it will use to propagate Islam and the Islamic values throughout the world and refute all the lies and misconceptions that have been propagated by the disbelievers. All the latest technological and scientific means of communications, such as satellite, electronic mail, teleconferencing etc. will be tapped, used and explored by the State in its quest to educate the citizens of Khilafah. Foreign media sources like BBC World Service, CNN, Voice of America etc., which exist in the Muslim world to confuse, attack and divert Muslims from Islam will be banned.
大众媒体、电视、广播、报纸、书籍和会议,都是伊斯兰国家内可以利用的现有手段。只要其所传播的内容在伊斯兰的范围之内,设立上述任何一种媒介都无需获得许可。
Mass media, TV, Radio, newspapers, books and conferences are the existing means which can be used within the Islamic State. No permission is required to set up any of the above, provided what they propagate is within the bounds of Islam.
今天,穆斯林世界深受极高的文盲率困扰,例如巴基斯坦和孟加拉国。安拉的使者ﷺ直面穆斯林中的文盲问题。他ﷺ规定,巴德尔战役中每位战俘的赎金,是教导十名穆斯林读书写字。伊斯兰国将努力确保每位穆斯林都能成为学者(mujtahid)或有知识的学习者(muttabi‘i)。
Today the Muslim world is plagued by astonishingly high levels of illiteracy, e.g. Pakistan and Bangladesh. The Messenger of Allah (saw) tackled head on the issue of illiteracy amongst Muslims. He (saw) made the ransom of each prisoner at Badr to teach ten Muslims how to read. The Islamic State would strive to ensure every Muslim thus turns into either a scholar (mujtahid) or an informed learner (muttabi‘i).
在伊斯兰历史的大部分时期,哈里发国境内的每座主要城市都拥有公共图书馆和私人图书馆。科尔多瓦和巴格达等图书馆的藏书量超过四十万册。
During most of Islamic history, every major city within the Khilafah possessed public and private libraries. Libraries such as Cordoba and Baghdad boasted collections of over 400,000 books.
由于亚里士多德、柏拉图、毕达哥拉斯学派、希腊天文学、托勒密和欧几里得等人著作的翻译,阿拉伯语成为最重要的科学语言。穆斯林学者讨论并驳斥了这些学者的许多观点,例如伊玛目安萨里(Ghazzali)的《哲学家的崩溃》(“Tahafut al-Falasifah”,意为“驳哲学家”),以及伊本·泰米叶的《无效之书》(“Kitab ul Ibtal”,意为“无效之书”)。
Arabic became the most important scientific language due to translation of works of Aristotle, Plato, Pythagorean school, Greek astronomy, Ptolemy and Euclid. Muslim scholars discussed and refuted many of the ideas of these scholars, e.g. Imam Ghazzali’s ‘Tahafut al- Falasifah’ (‘Refutation of the Philosophers’) and Ibn Taymiyya’s ‘Kitab ul Ibtal’ (‘Book of Invalidity’).
穆斯林对零的运用,在此前的数学科学中原本是缺失的,这一运用促成了巨大的进步,解决了数百年来一直悬而未决的问题。
The Muslims use of the Zero, which was previously absent in mathematical sciences enabled great advances, solving problems that for centuries remained unsolved.
穆斯林数学家创立并发展了代数,而“算法”这一概念也是由著名穆斯林学者花拉子米提出的,该词即以他的名字命名。花拉子米生活在伊斯兰国之中。
Muslim mathematicians devised and developed algebra, and the concept of algorithms were thought up (and named after) Al-Khwarizmi, a famous Muslim scholar who lived in the Islamic State.
哈里发国家将确保为每位男性和女性(穆斯林与非穆斯林)提供小学和中学的免费教育。国家将鼓励接受更高层次的教育,并尽可能资助那些希望继续深造的人。
The Khilafah State would ensure the provision of free education to every male and female (Muslim and non-Muslim) at both primary and secondary levels. Education at higher levels would be encouraged and the State would help in funding those who wish to do so as much as possible.
哈里发国家会在学校和学院之外设立图书馆和实验室,以便那些希望深造的人能够进行学习,科目涵盖多个领域,如伊斯兰教法学(fiqh)、圣训学(hadith)和经注学(tafseer),或医学、土木工程、纯科学等。
The Khilafah State would set up libraries and laboratories in other than the schools and colleges in order to enable those who wish to take up further studies to do so, in various subjects such as fiqh, hadith and tafseer, or medicine, civil engineering, pure sciences etc.
医学:穆斯林医师发明了许多用于手术的外科器械,并阐述了医学科学的众多其他方面,例如:
MEDICINE : Muslim physicians developed many surgical instruments to perform operations, as well as describing countless other aspects of medical science, such as :
阿尔-拉齐在十世纪将酒精用作防腐剂,并找到了治疗天花的方法。伊本·西纳在十一世纪诊断并治疗了脑膜炎,他的医学教科书《医典》(Al-Qanun)在此后几个世纪里被欧洲用作标准参考书。伊本·纳菲斯在十四世纪描述了血液的小循环。“Retina”(视网膜)和“Cataract”(白内障)这两个词源自阿拉伯语。穆斯林在眼科方面十分精通,他们解释了眼睛的运作原理,并在十三世纪设计出治疗白内障的外科手术方法(以上均为公元纪年)。
Al-Razi used alcohol as an antiseptic, and found a treatment for smallpox in the 10th century. Ibn Sina diagnosed and treated meningitis in the 11th century, and his textbook of medicine (Al-Qanun) was used as a standard reference in Europe for centuries after. Ibn al-Nafis described the minor circulation of blood in the 14th century. The words ‘Retina’ and ‘Cataract’ derive from Arabic. Muslims were expert in ophthalmology, and explained the workings of the eye, and devised surgical procedures to remedy cataracts during the 13th century (all CE).
在伊斯兰教育体系之下,科学蓬勃发展。穆斯林在数学、几何学、光学、天文学、医学、物理学、自然科学、工程学以及其他许多领域,都处于世界领先地位。
Science flourished under the Islamic Education System. The Muslims were the most advanced in the world in fields such as : mathematics, geometry, optics, astronomy, medicine, physics, natural sciences, engineering and many others.
哈里发哈伦·拉希德会惩罚那些未确保子女学会阅读和正确发音阿拉伯语的父母。他还为任何教授、学习、传播或辩论宗教事务的人提供经济奖励。
The Khaleefah Harun al-Rashid would punish parents who had not ensured that their children had learned to read and pronounce Arabic. He also provided financial incentives for any who would teach, learn, propagate or debate issues of the deen.