家庭结构的一部分在于子女的出生。夫妇一旦有了孩子，父母与子女之间牢固的亲情纽带，以及他们之间的关系，都由伊斯兰教法加以界定和规范。父母双方对子女都负有责任，子女对父母也负有责任。

Part of the family structure involves the birth of offspring. Once a married couple have children, the strong familial bond and the relationship they have with their child is defined and regulated according to the Shari‘ah. Both the mother and father have responsibilities to their children, and the children too have responsibilities to their parents.

妻子作为母亲的职责，不仅包括养育和保护子女，还包括教导子女正确的宗教（دين）。

The role of the wife as a mother not only includes rearing and protecting the children, but also to teach the children the true deen.

先知ﷺ说："每个孩子都是在正常的天性（fitrah）上出生的，之后其父母使他成为犹太教徒、基督徒或拜偶像者。" 阿奈斯（Anas）传述：先知ﷺ说："你们要善待你们的孩子，并努力教导他们最好的品行。"伊本·马哲（Ibn Majah）辑录。

The Prophet (saw) said, “Every child is born on the fitrah, its parents later on making it a Jew or a Christian or a Pagan.” Anas reported that the Prophet (saw) said, “Be generous to your children, and excel in teaching them the best of conduct.” Ibn Majah.

母亲为照顾和抚养子女所付出的牺牲与所花费的辛劳，其回报是极其丰厚的。

The reward for the mother for the sacrifices she makes and the efforts she spends for the sake of looking after and rearing her children are great.

安斯传述：易卜拉欣的乳母萨拉玛对先知ﷺ说：“真主的使者啊，您给男人带来了喜讯，却没有给女人带来。”他说：“你的女伴们是否让你来问我这个问题？”她说：“是的。”先知ﷺ说：“你们中是否有人不愿意，如果她怀孕时，丈夫与她同住并对她满意，她便能获得为了真主而斋戒、礼拜之人的回报？当分娩阵痛来临时，天上和地上都没有人知道她腹中所藏的是什么，以安慰她。当她分娩时，她的乳汁每一口、孩子每一次吮吸，她都能获得一件善功的回报。如果她夜里因孩子而不得安睡，她便获得为了真主而释放七十名奴隶之人的回报。”泰伯拉尼传述。

Anas narrated that Salamah, the nurse of Ibrahim said to the Prophet (saw), “O Messenger of Allah, you brought tidings to men but not to women.” He said, “Did your women friends put you up to asking me this question?” She said, “Yes, they did.” He (saw) said, “Does it not please any of you that if she is pregnant by her husband and he is satisfied with her that she receives the reward of one who fasts and prays for the sake of Allah? And when the labour pains come none in heaven or earth knows what is concealed in her womb to soothe her. And when she delivers, not a mouthful of milk flows from her and not an instance of child’s suck, but that she receives, for every mouthful and every suck, the reward of one good deed. And if she is kept awake by the child at night, she receives the reward of one who frees seventy slaves for the sake of Allah.” Tabarani.

这里对父亲与子女关系的重点在于：父亲应当为子女提供他们所需的一切物质供养，直到他们能够自立谋生。伊斯兰鼓励父亲善待子女，并提倡父子之间保持良好的关系。

The emphasis here for the father with regard to his children is that he should provide for them all the material support that they require until they are able to fend for themselves. Islam encourages kind treatment of the children by the father, and recommends good relations be kept between them.

有一个名叫阿格拉·本·哈比斯的人来拜见先知ﷺ，看见他亲吻自己的两个孙子哈桑和侯赛因，感到十分惊讶。他问道："您亲吻自己的孩子吗？"并说自己有十个孩子，却从未亲吻过其中任何一个。先知ﷺ回答说："那说明你心中毫无怜悯和温情。不怜悯他人的人，也不会得到真主的怜悯。"

A man named al-Aqr‘a ibn Habis visited the Prophet (saw) and was surprised to see him kissing his grandsons, Hasan and Husayn. “Do you kiss your children?” he asked, adding that he had ten children and never kissed one of them. The Prophet (saw) replied, “That shows that you have no mercy and tenderness at all. Those who do not show mercy to another will not have Allah’s mercy shown on them.”.

伊本·阿拔斯传述：先知ﷺ说：“任何穆斯林，若有两个女儿长大成人，他善待她们、与她们相处得体，她们就必使他进入乐园。”（伊本·哈班录）

Ibn ‘Abbas narrated that the Prophet (saw) said, “There is no Muslim, whose two daughters reach the age (of maturity), and he is good to them as a companion, and they do not cause him to enter Paradise.” Ibn Hibban.

伊斯兰教要求子女尊重父母，以善良和慈爱对待他们。子女必须服从父母。这种服从分为两类：

Islam enjoins that children are respectful to their parents and treat them with kindness and affection. The child must obey his or her parents. This obedience falls into two categories:

属于父母权利的事项:这些事项与父母本身相关,例如侍奉母亲或父亲。对于父亲是她监护人(waliy)的女子而言,她外出时须征得父亲的许可,这是父亲的权利,她必须服从,也必须服从父亲作为她监护人所拥有的一切权利。在所有这些情况下,子女服从父母都是法定的义务(fard)。

Issues which are the right of the parent : These include areas which are of the concern to the parents themselves such as to serve the mother or father. For a woman whose father is her waliy (guardian) it is the father’s right that she seeks his permission to go out of the house, and she must obey this and all the rights he has as her waliy. In all these cases, it is fard (obligatory) for the child to obey.

属于孩子自身权利的事务：这些事务与孩子本人直接相关，例如他或她应该吃什么、应该与谁结婚等。在这些情况下，孩子服从父母是值得推荐的（mandub）。

Issues which are the right of the child : These include areas which are the concern of the child him or herself, such as what they should eat, who they should marry, etc. In these cases, it is mandub (recommended) for the child to obey the parents.

然而,与丈夫命令妻子的情况一样,如果父母命令孩子去做违抗安拉(SWT)的事情,例如做哈拉姆之事或疏忽法尔德(天命义务),那么孩子既无义务也不被推荐去服从。相反,在这些情况下,孩子服从则是哈拉姆。安拉(SWT)说:“我确已嘱咐人要孝敬父母。他的母亲怀他,身体一天比一天衰弱,他断奶在两年内。你应当感谢我和你的父母,你的归宿只在于我。如果他们强迫你以我所未赐你的知识而让你以物配我,你不要服从他们。” [TMQ 31:14-15]

However as is the case when the husband orders his wife, if the parent orders the child to obey them in something that is a disobedience to Allah (swt), like to do something haram or to neglect a fard, then it is neither obligatory nor recommended for the child to obey. Rather, in these cases, it is haram for the child to obey. Allah (swt) says, “And we have enjoined upon man to be good to his parents. In travail upon travail did his mother bear him. And in years twain was his weaning : (Hear the command) Show gratitude to Me and your parents : To Me is (your final) goal. But if they strive to make you join worship with Me things of that which you have no knowledge, obey them not.” [TMQ 31:14-15]