Godiya ga Allah saboda abin da Yake bayarwa a gare mu tana ratsa dukan wannan sūrah. Allah yana ƙididdige alherinsa, wanda Yake bai wa dukan ɗan Adam, masu bangaskiya da kafirai, na kwarai da marasa kyau, masu tsoron Allah da azzalumai. Hakika Allah mai jin ƙai ne kuma mai jinƙai ne idan Yake bai wa kafirai, masu rashin biyayya da azzalumai irin waɗannan falalan kamar yadda Yake bai wa mumini masu yin jihadi saboda Shi. Abin da ya dace a gare su shi ne su zama masu godiya. A nan ana nuna alherin Allah yana shimfiɗuwa a faɗin sararin duniya, cikin tsarin hotuna na duniya baki ɗaya: "Allah ne wanda Ya halicci sammai da ƙasa, Ya saukar da ruwa daga sama, da shi Ya fitar da 'ya'yan itatuwa domin abincinku. Ya sanya muku jiragen ruwa su yi tafiya a cikin teku da izininsa, Ya kuma sanya muku koguna su zama masu biyayya ga dokarsa domin amfaninku. Ya sanya muku rana da wata, dukansu suna ci gaba da tafiyarsu da himma, masu biyayya ga dokarsa; Ya kuma sanya dare da rana masu biyayya ga dokarsa. Yana ba ku dukan abin da kuka roƙe Shi. Idan kuka yi ƙoƙarin ƙidaya ni'imomin Allah, ba za ku iya lissafa su ba. Amma mutum yana ci gaba da zalunci, mai taurin kai wajen rashin godiya." (Ayoyi 32-34)
Gratitude to God for what He bestows on us animates the whole sūrah. God enumerates His favours, which He grants to all mankind, believers and unbelievers, righteous or unrighteous, God-fearing and wrongdoers. God is most certainly compassionate and merciful when He grants such favours to unbelievers, disobedients and wrongdoers in the same way as He grants them to the faithful who strive for His cause. It is their place that they should be grateful. Here God’s grace is shown extending across the widest horizon, within a framework of universal imagery: “It is God who has created the heavens and the earth, and who sends down water from the sky with which He brings forth fruits for your sustenance. He has placed under your service ships which by His leave sail through the sea, and He has made the rivers subservient to [His law] for your benefit. And for your benefit He has made the sun and the moon, both diligently pursuing their courses, subservient to [His law]; and has made the night and the day subservient to [His law]. And He gives you of everything you ask of Him. Should you try to count God’s blessings, you will never be able to compute them. Yet man is persistent in wrongdoing, stubbornly ungrateful.” (Verses 32-34)
Hakika, aika manzanni zuwa ga mutane wani alheri ne daidai da, idan ba ma mafi girma ba: "Wannan littafi ne da Muka saukar maka da shi daga sama domin ka fitar da dukan mutane, da izinin Ubangijinsu, daga duhu zuwa haske." (Aya ta 1) Haske watakila shi ne babban alherin Allah a cikin halitta, amma hasken da ake magana a kansa a cikin wannan aya shi ne mafi girman haske, wanda ke haskawa ta dukan jikinmu kuma yake sa duniyar da ke kewaye da mu ta haskaka. Irin wannan aiki an ba Musa tare da mutanensa, haka ma dukan manzanni, kamar yadda aka bayyana a fili a cikin sura. Haka kuma muna lura da wani alheri a cikin abin da manzannin Allah suke faɗa: "Yana kiran ku, domin ya gafarta muku zunubanku." (Aya ta 10)
Indeed, sending messengers to mankind is an equal, if not greater favour: “This is a book which We have bestowed on you from on high so that you might bring forth all mankind, by their Lord’s leave, from darkness into the light.” (Verse 1) Light is perhaps God’s most majestic favour in the universe, but the light referred to in this verse is the greatest light that shines through our whole beings and which makes the world around us shine. The same task was assigned to Moses with his people, and indeed to all messengers, as clearly explained in the sūrah. We also note a favour in what God’s messengers say: “He calls you, so that He may forgive you your sins.” (Verse 10)
Cewa ana kiran mutane zuwa ga gafara babbar ni'ima ce, kusan daidai da ni'imar haske.
That people are called to forgiveness is a great favour almost equal to that of light.
A cikin mahallin ni'imomin Allah, Musa ya tunatar da mutanensa abin da Allah ya ba su: "Musa ya ce wa mutanensa: 'Ku tuna ni'imomin da Allah ya yi muku sa'ad da ya cece ku daga mutanen Fir'auna, waɗanda suka sanya muku azaba mai tsanani, suka kashe 'ya'yanku maza, suka bar muku mata kawai. Wannan lalle jarrabawa ce mai girma daga Ubangijinku.'" (Aya ta 6)
Kuma a cikin wannan mahallin, sūrah ɗin ta ambaci alkawarin Allah ga manzanninsa: "Ubangijinsu ya yi wahayi zuwa ga manzanninsa: Lalle ne za Mu hallaka azzalumai, kuma lalle ne za Mu sa ku zauna a ƙasar bayan sun tafi. Wannan [na yi muku alkawari] ga duk wanda ya ji tsoron matsayina, kuma ya ji tsoron gargaɗina.'" (Ayoyi na 13-14)
Wannan ma ya kamata a ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ni'imomin Allah masu yawa.
Within the context of God’s favours, Moses reminds his people of what God bestowed on them: “Moses said to his people: ‘Remember the blessings God bestowed on you when He saved you from Pharaohs people who afflicted you with grievous torment, slaughtered your sons and spared [only] your women. That was indeed an awesome trial from your Lord.” (Verse 6) And within the same context, the sūrah mentions God’s promise to His messengers: “Their Lord revealed this to His messengers: Most certainly shall We destroy the wrongdoers, and most certainly shall We cause you to dwell in the land long after they are gone. This [I promise] to all who stand in awe of My presence, and stand in awe of My warnings.’“ (Verses 13-14) Again, this should be counted among God’s many great favours.
Surah kuma tana nuna cewa ni'imomin Allah suna karuwa idan mutane sun yi godiya: "Kuma Ubangijinku ya yi shelar cewa: Idan kun yi godiya, lalle ne zan kara muku; amma idan kun kafirce, to lalle azabata mai tsanani ce." (Aya ta 7) Hakan ya bayyana sarai cewa Allah ba Ya bukatar godiya, ko gode wa, ko wadanda ke yin su. "Musa kuwa ya ce:
The sūrah also highlights the fact that God’s favours are increased when people are grateful: “For your Lord had declared: If you are grateful, I shall certainly give you more; but if you are ungrateful, then My punishment shall be severe indeed.’“ (Verse 7) It makes clear that God is in no need of gratitude, thanks or those who give them. “And Moses said:
"Idan ku da duk wanda ke a duniya kun kafirta, to ku sani cewa lalle Allah bai da bukatar kowa, Mai cancanta ga dukkan yabo." (Aya ta 8) Surah din ta bayyana cewa gabaɗaya mutum ba ya nuna godiya ta dace ga ni'imomin da Allah ya ba shi. "Idan kuka yi ƙoƙarin ƙidaya ni'imomin Allah, ba za ku iya lissafa su ba. Duk da haka mutum yana dagewa a kan zalunci, yana taurin kai a cikin butulci." (Aya ta 34) Sai dai waɗanda suke yin tunani a kan alamomin da Allah ya sanya a kewayensu, kuma suna da basira, za su yi haƙuri a cikin wahala, kuma su nuna godiya ga ni'imomi da albarka: "Lalle a cikin wannan akwai alamomi ga kowane mai haƙuri a cikin wahala, mai godiya sosai [ga Allah]." (Aya ta 5)
If you and whoever lives on earth were to deny God, [know that] God is indeed Self-Sufficient, worthy of all praise.’“ (Verse 8) The sūrah explains that generally man does not show proper gratitude for the favours God bestows on him. “Should you try to count God’s blessings, you will never be able to compute them. Yet man is persistent in wrongdoing, stubbornly ungrateful.” (Verse 34) However, those who reflect on the signs God has placed all around them, and show insight, will persevere in the face of adversity and show gratitude for favours and blessings: “Surely in this there are signs for everyone who is patient in adversity and deeply grateful [to God].” (Verse 5)
Duka biyu, haƙuri a cikin wahala da godiya, Ibrahim ya bayyana su cikin tawali'u a gaban Allah, a cikin addu'ar da ya yi kusa da Masallaci Mai Alfarma da ke Makka. Addu'ar tana cike da yabo da godiya ga Allah.
Both patience in adversity and gratitude are expressed by Abraham in a position of humility before God, expressed in a prayer addressed near the Sacred Mosque in Makkah. It overflows with praise and gratitude to God:
Ibrahim ya ce: "Ya Ubangijina! Ka sa wannan ƙasa ta zama amintacciya, ka kuma kiyaye ni da 'ya'yana daga bautar gumaka. Ya Ubangijina, lallai sun ɓatar da mutane da yawa."
Abraham said: ‘My Lord. Make this land secure, and preserve me and my children from ever worshipping idols. My Lord, they have indeed led many people astray.
Saboda haka, duk wanda ya bi ni, to, daga gare ni yake. Amma duk wanda ya sãɓa mini, to, Kai ne Mai yawan gafara, Mai jin ƙai. Ubangijinmu, na zaunar da wasu daga zuriyata a wani kwari marar noma, kusa da Gidanka mai tsarki, don su tsayar da salla. Saboda haka, ka sa zukatan mutane su karkata zuwa gare su, kuma ka azurta su da 'ya'yan itatuwa, don su yi godiya. Ubangijinmu, lallai Kai ne Ka san abin da muke ɓoyewa da abin da muke bayyanawa, domin babu abin da yake ɓoyuwa ga Allah a ƙasa ko a sama. Godiya ta tabbata ga Allah wanda ya ba ni, a cikin tsufana, Isma'il da Ishaƙ. Lallai Ubangijina Mai jin addu'o'i ne. Ubangijina, ka sa ni da wasu daga zuriyata mu tsayar da salla. Ubangijinmu, ka karɓi addu'ata. Ubangijinmu, ka yi mini gafara, da iyayena, da dukan muminai, a ranar da za a yi lissafi.' (Ayoyi 35-41)
Hence, he who follows me belongs to me. As for him who disobeys me, well, You are truly Much-Forgiving, Merciful. Our Lord, I have settled some of my offspring in a valley without cultivation, by Your Sacred House, so that they may establish regular prayers. So, cause You people’s hearts to incline towards them, and provide them with fruits, so that they may give thanks. Our Lord, You certainly know all that we conceal and all that we bring into the open: for nothing whatever, on earth or in heaven, can be hidden from God. All praise is due to God who has given me, in my old age, Ishmael and Isaac. Surely my Lord hears all prayers. My Lord, cause me and [some of] my offspring to establish regular prayers. My Lord, accept my prayer. Our Lord, grant Your forgiveness to me and my parents, and all the believers on the Day when the reckoning will come to pass.’ (Verses 35-41)
Saboda ni'imomin Allah, godiyarsu da kuma, akasin haka, kafirce musu, sun mamaye wannan sura, sai yawancin sharhin da ke ƙarshen ayoyi suka dace da haka. Misali: "ka ba su 'ya'yan itatuwa, don su yi godiya." (Aya ta 37) "Lallai a cikin wannan akwai alamu ga duk mai haƙuri a cikin wahala kuma mai godiya sosai [ga Allah]." (Aya ta 5) "Shin ba ka ga waɗanda suka musanya ni'imomin Allah da kafirci, suka kuma jefa mutanensu cikin Gidan Halaka ba?" (Aya ta 28) "Ku tuna da ni'imomin da Allah ya yi maka." (Aya ta 6) "Duk godiya ta tabbata ga Allah wanda ya ba ni, a cikin tsufana, Isma'il da Ishaƙ." (Aya ta 39)
Because God’s favours and blessings, gratitude for them and, by contrast, their denial permeate the sūrah, many comments at the end of verses fit with this. For example: “provide them with fruits, so that they may give thanks.” (Verse 37) “Surely in this there are signs for everyone who is patient in adversity and deeply grateful [to God].” (Verse 5) “Have you not seen those who have exchanged God’s blessings for unbelief and landed their people in the House of Perdition.” (Verse 28) “Remember the blessings God bestowed on you.” (Verse 6) “All praise is due to God who has given me, in my old age, Ishmael and Isaac.” (Verse 39)
Lokacin da annabawa suke amsa ƙin yarda da kāfirai suka yi, cewa su, watau annabawan, mutane ne kawai, sai su ce: "Lalle mu mutane ne kamarku, amma Allah yana yi wa wanda Ya so daga cikin bayinSa falala." (Aya ta 11) Don haka, ana nuna falalar Allah domin ya dace da yanayin gaba ɗaya na sūratu, wadda ke haskaka alamomin falala, rahama, alheri da godiya a gefe ɗaya, da butulci a ɗayan gefen. Don haka, ana kawo furucin magana cikin jituwa da sūratu gaba ɗaya, domin kammala hanyar fasaha ta Alƙur'ani.
When the prophets answer the unbelievers’ objections that they, i.e. the prophets, are only human, they say: “We are indeed but mortals like yourselves. But God bestows His grace on whomever He wills of His servants.” (Verse 11) Thus, God’s grace is highlighted to fit with the general atmosphere of the sūrah, which radiates with aspects of grace, mercy, favour and gratitude on the one side and ingratitude on the other. Thus, verbal expression is brought in harmony with the sūrah as a whole to perfect the Qur’ānic artistic method.
Ana iya raba wannan sūrah zuwa manyan sassa biyu: na farko yana bayyana yanayin saƙon Allah da manzon da ke isar da shi, yana nuna yadda aka yi yaƙi tsakanin al'ummarsa da waɗanda suka ƙi saƙon. Yana kuma yin sharhi kan dukan wannan, yana ba da misalai na kalmomi nagari da na mugunta. Sashe na biyu kuwa yana magana game da ni'imomin da Allah yake yi wa ɗan adam, yana kwatanta waɗanda ke nuna girman kai da butulci, da kuma muminai waɗanda ke bayyana godiyarsu. Cikakken misali na farko na na ƙarshen shi ne Ibrahim. Yana kuma kwatanta makomar azzalumai waɗanda suka ƙi ni'imomin Allah ta jerin hotuna masu ƙarfi da rayuwa na Ranar Sakamako. Ta haka ƙarshen sūrah ya dace da farkonta: "Wannan saƙo ne ga dukan mutane."
The sūrah can be divided into two main passages: the first explains the nature of the divine message and the messenger delivering it, portraying the battle between their community and those who deny the message. It comments on all this, giving examples of good and evil words. The other passage speaks of the favours God grants to mankind, describing those who display an arrogant ingratitude and the believers who express their gratitude. The first perfect example of the latter is Abraham. It describes the fate of the wrongdoers who deny God’s favours in a series of most powerful and lively images of the Day of Judgement. Thus, the conclusion of the sūrah is brought into harmony with its opening: “This is a message to all mankind.
Bari su yi gargaɗi da shi, kuma su sani cewa Shi kaɗai ne Ubangiji Mai Gaskiya. Waɗanda suke da hankali su yi tunani.” (Aya ta 52)
Let them be warned thereby, and let them know that He is the One and Only God. Let those who are endowed with insight take heed.” (Verse 52)