A cikin wannan ayar, surar tana magana ne game da munafukai. Da farko, tana bayyana halayensu game da Annabi ﷺ da Alkur'ani, sannan halayensu game da yaƙi wanda Allah ya wajabta wa Musulmi su yi domin neman yardarsa. A ƙarshe, tana bayyana halayensu game da Yahudawa da kuma yadda suke yin shirme tare da su don yaƙar Musulunci da al'ummar Musulmi.

In this passage the surah speaks about the hypocrites. In the first instance it depicts their attitude towards the Prophet and the Qur’an, then their attitude to fighting which God requires Muslims to undertake in the service of His cause. Finally, it reveals their attitude towards the Jews and their conspiring with them against Islam and the Muslim community.

Ya kamata a tuna cewa munafunci ya fara ne a Madinah. Bai wanzu a Makka ba, saboda yanayin da ake ciki a can ya sa ba a buƙatar sa kwata-kwata. A Makka, Musulmi sun sha zalunci kuma babu wanda ya buƙaci lallashinsu. Lokacin da God ya ba da damar goyon bayan Musulunci ta hanyar karɓuwarsa daga kabilu biyu na Madina, Aws da Khazraj, sabon addinin ya yaɗu zuwa dukan gidaje da iyalai. Akwai Musulmi a kowane gida a Madina. Wasu kuwa, sun ƙi ganin Manzon Allah ﷺ da Musulunci suna samun iko, amma ba su kuskura su bayyana ƙiyayyarsu a fili ba.

It should be remembered that hypocrisy first started in Madlnah. It did not exist in Makkah, as the situation there made it totally unnecessary. In Makkah, the Muslims suffered persecution and no one needed to appease them. When God facilitated support for Islam with its acceptance by the two tribes of Madinah, the Aws and the Khazraj, the new faith spread into all clans and families. There were Muslims in every home in Madinah. Some, however, hated to see the Prophet and Islam gaining power but dared not make their hostility public.

Saboda haka, sun yi kamar Musulmi alhali a zahiri suna cike da ƙiyayya ga Musulunci. Haka kuma suna marmarin ganin masifa ta sauka kan Annabi ﷺ da sahabbansa. Shugabansu shi ne ‘Abdullah ɗan Ubayy ɗan Salul.

Therefore, they pretended to be Muslim when in reality they were full of hatred for Islam. They were also keen for ill fortune to befall the Prophet and his Companions. Their chief was ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul.

Wata al'umma ta Yahudawa ma ta zauna a Madina. Yahudawan suna da ƙarfin soja da na tattalin arziki, kuma suna da ƙarfin tsari a lokacin da Annabi ﷺ ya zauna a Madina. Haka kuma suna ƙin Annabi ﷺ, addininsa da mabiyansa. Kasancewar irin waɗannan Yahudawa ya ba munafukai ƙarfin gwiwa: a takaice, ƙungiyoyin biyu sun haɗu a ƙiyayyarsu ga Musulunci da Musulmi. Saboda haka, sun yi shirin ƙulla maƙarƙashiya kuma suka yi amfani da duk wata dama don raunana al'ummar Musulmi. Sa'ad da al'ummar Musulmi suka shiga yanayi mai wuya, abokan gābansu sukan nuna ƙiyayyarsu a fili; kuma sa'ad da Musulmi suka sami kyakkyawan lokaci, sun koma ga aikin ɓoye da maƙarƙashiya mugu. Har zuwa tsakiyar zaman Annabi ﷺ a Madina, waɗannan ƙungiyoyi biyu sun zama babbar barazana ga Musulunci da al'ummar Musulmi.

Daga cikinsu akwai waɗanda suke sauraron ka, amma da zarar sun fita daga wurinka sai su ce wa waɗanda aka ba wa ilimi, da izgili: "Me ne ya faɗa yanzu?" Waɗannan su ne waɗanda Allah ya rufe zukatansu, suna bin son zuciyarsu.

Some of them listen to you, but no sooner do they leave your presence than they [scornfully] say to those endowed with knowledge: 'What is it that he said just now?’ Such are the ones whose hearts God has sealed, and who follow their desires. (Verse 16)

Kalmar, "wasu daga cikinsu", na iya komawa ga kafiran da aka tattauna a ayar farko ta wannan surar. A wannan yanayin, munafukai ana ɗaukar su a matsayin wata ƙungiya ta kafirai, kodayake suna ɓoye gaskiyar halinsu. Ta wannan ma'ana, surar tana magana ne a kan ainihin matsayinsu. A gefe guda kuma, kalmar na iya komawa ga Musulmai, la'akari da cewa munafukai sun haɗu da su, suna nuna kamar suna cikin al'ummarsu. Lalle an ɗauke su a matsayin Musulmai, domin Musulunci ya wajabta mana mu'amala da mutane bisa abin da suke bayyana cewa su ne. Amma a kowane hali, su munafukai ne kamar yadda bayaninsu a cikin surar da ayyukansu suke nunawa.

The phrase, 'some of them , may refer to the unbelievers who were the subject of discussion in the first passage of the surah. In this case, the hypocrites are considered as a group of unbelievers, although they conceal their reality. In this sense, the surah is referring to their true status. On the other hand, the phrase may refer to the Muslims, considering that the hypocrites were integrated with them, pretending to belong to their community. They were indeed treated as Muslims, as Islam requires us to deal with people on the basis of what they profess to be. In either case, however, they are hypocrites as their description in the surah and their deeds indicate.

Tambayar munafukai, bayan sun saurari Annabi, tana nuna yadda suke kawai nuna cewa suna sauraron abin da yake fada, alhali zukatansu ba sa kula, sun shagala da wasu abubuwa, ko ma a ce an rufe zukatansu gaba daya. Haka kuma tana nuna wani izgili a boye. Domin sun tambayi mutane masu ilimi game da ma'anar abin da suka ji, suna nuna cewa abin da Muhammad ﷺ ya fada ba a fahimta. Duk da cewa sun saurara, har yanzu ba su fahimci ma'anarsa ba. Haka kuma yana nuna izgili ga wadanda suke da ilimi, wadanda suka saurari duk abin da Annabi ﷺ ya fada da kyau, suna kokarin fahimtarsa sosai da haddacewa, kamar yadda Sahabban Annabi ﷺ suke yi. Ta haka, ta hanyar izgili a fili ko a boye, wadannan munafukai suka nemi a maimaita musu kalmomin Annabi ﷺ. A dukkan wadannan ma'anoni muna ganin mugunta, zafin kishi da kiyayya: "Wadannan su ne wadanda Allah ya rufe zukatansu, suke kuma bin son ransu." (16)

The hypocrites’ question, after they had listened to the Prophet, shows how they only pretended to pay attention to what he was saying when their minds were inattentive, preoccupied with other things, or rather were sealed altogether. It also suggests an implicit ridicule. Since they address their question to people endowed with knowledge asking about the meaning of what they heard, they imply that what Muhammad said was incomprehensible. Despite having paid attention to it, they still could not understand its meaning. It further implies ridicule of those knowledgeable people who attended carefully to everything the Prophet said, making an effort to understand it fully and memorize it, as the Prophets Companions used to do. In this way, using blatant or subtle mockery, these hypocrites asked them to repeat the Prophet s words. In all these possibilities we see wickedness, deep resentment and hatred: “Such are the ones whose hearts God has sealed, and who follow their desires.” 16)

Surah ta bayyana halin munafukai game da yaki saboda manufar Allah da kuma yadda suke tsoro sosai idan aka wajabta wa Musulmi yaki. Tana fallasa ainihin ra'ayinsu game da dukkan batun yaki, kuma tana bayyana abin da ke jiransu idan suka ci gaba da munafunci. Tana gargadin su cewa dole ne su tsarkake zukatansu daga munafunci, su kasance masu gaskiya wajen amsa kiran Allah, kuma su shiga cikin saitin Musulmi da niyya mai tsafta.

The surah describes the attitude of the hypocrites to fighting for Gods cause and their utter cowardice when it is made obligatory upon Muslims. It exposes their true feelings about the whole idea of fighting, and explains what awaits them if they persist with hypocrisy. It warns them that they have to purge their hearts of hypocrisy, be true in their response to God and join the Muslim ranks with sincerity of purpose:

Muminai sun ce: "Ina fatan a saukar da wata sura!" * Amma sa'ad da aka saukar da sura bayyananniya, aka ambaci yaki a cikinta, za ka ga waɗanda ke da cuta a zukatansu suna kallonka kamar wanda ke suma saboda tsoron mutuwa. Abin da ya fi musu alheri shi ne biyayya da magana mai kyau. Idan kuwa al'amari ya tabbata na yaki, to, zai fi musu alheri su kasance masu gaskiya ga Allah. Idan kuka juya baya, shin ana tsammanin ku za ku yi barna a cikin ƙasa, ku yanke zumuncinku? Waɗannan ne Allah ya la'ane su, ya sa su kurma, ya makantar da idanunsu. Shin, to, ba sa yin tunani a cikin Alkur'ani? Ko kuwa akwai kulle a kan zukatansu? (Ayoyi 20-24)

The believers say: 'Would that a surah had been revealed. * Yet when a surah of clear import is revealed, and fighting is mentioned in it, you see those who are sick at heart staring at you like one who is about to faint for fear of death. Far better for them would be obedience and an appropriate word. Moreover, when fighting is decided upon, it is better for them to be true to God. If you turn away now, is it to be expected of you that you will spread corruption in the land and break your ties of kinship? It is such as these whom God rejects, leaving them deaf and blind. Will they not, then, try to understand the Quran? Or are there locks on their hearts? Verses 20-24)

Muminai suna bayyana burinsu na a saukar da wata sura sabuwa saboda suna son Alƙur'ani kuma suna samun a cikin kowane ɓangare na shi wani abu da yake burge su kuma yake dumama zukatansu. Ko kuma wannan furuci na iya nuna sha'awarsu ta a bayyana musu wasu al'amura na jihadi da yaƙi. Saboda haka sai su ce: "Da ma an saukar da sura." (Aya ta 20)

The believers express their wishes for a new surah to be revealed because they love the Qur’an and find in every part of it something that appeals to them and warms their hearts. Alternatively, this expression may be indicative of their desire to have certain aspects of jihad and fighting outlined to them. Therefore they say: “Would that a surah had been revealed.” (Verse 20)

Surah ta sannan ta nuna dalilin da ya sa munafukai suka juya baya daga imani bayan sun kusanci shi. Mun koya cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda sun yi makirci tare da Yahudawan Madina, suka kuma yi musu alkawarin taimako da goyon baya:

The surah then shows the reason that made the hypocrites turn away from faith after having come close to it. We learn that this was because they conspired with the Jews of Madinah and promised them help and support:

Waɗanda suka juya baya bayan an riga an shiryar da su, Shaiɗan ne ya ruɗe su, ya kuma cika su da fatan ƙarya. Wannan saboda sun ce wa waɗanda suka ƙi duk abin da Allah ya saukar, 'Za mu yi muku biyayya a wasu al'amura,' amma Allah yana sane da duk shirye-shiryensu na ɓoye.

Those who turn their backs after guidance has been given to them are seduced by Satan who fills them with false hopes. That is because they say to those who abhor all that God has revealed, 'We will obey you in some matters, ’ but God knows all their secret schemes.

(Ayoyi 25-26)

(Verses 25-26)

Aya ta farko tana ba da hoton zahiri na munafukai suna watsi da shiriyar Allah bayan sun san ta. Hoto ne da ke nuna su suna juya baya suna tafiya. Yana kuma nuna abin da ke bayan wannan duka: Shaidan ne yake raɗa musu da kuma kawo musu kowane irin jaraba. Ta haka ne muke ganin motsinsu kamar yadda yake a zahiri da kuma a gaskiya. Sannan surar ta bayyana mana dalilin da ya sa Shaidan yake da irin wannan iko a kansu, har suke juya baya ga gaskiya bayan sun san ta: "Wannan saboda sun ce wa waɗanda suka ƙi duk abin da Allah ya saukar, 'Za mu yi muku biyayya a wasu al'amura'" (Aya ta 26).

The first of these two verses gives a physical image of the hypocrites abandoning Divine guidance after they came to know it. It is an image which shows them turning their backs and going away. It tells of what lies behind all this: it is Satan whispering to them and delivering all manner of temptations. Thus we see their movement for what it is in reality and appearance. The surah then tells us why Satan has such power over them, making them turn their backs on the truth after they knew it: “ That is because they say to those who abhor all that God has revealed, 'We will obey you in some matters'(Verse 26)

Yahudawan Madina ne suka fara ƙi da abin da Allah ya saukar.

The Jews of Madinah were the first to hate what God revealed.

Sun yi tsammanin cewa saƙon ƙarshe na Allah zai zo gare su, kuma cewa manzon ƙarshe zai fito daga cikin jinsinsu. Suna faɗa wa Larabawan arna game da wannan saƙon da ake sa ran, da cewa lokacinsa ya kusa, suna cewa sabon annabin zai jagorance su, kuma zai tabbatar da cewa za su sami iko, kuma za su dawo da mulkinsu.

A ƙarshen wannan nassi, an yi musu gargaɗi cewa Allah na iya yanke shawarar bayyana su ga Manzon Allah ﷺ da Musulmai. Daga nan kowa zai san su da abin da suke ainihi: munafukai da ke zaune tsakanin Musulmai, suna da'awar cewa su nasu ne alhali suna kulla makirci a kansu.

At the end of this passage, they are warned that God may decide to expose them to the Prophet and the Muslims. They will then be known to all for what they really are: hypocrites living among Muslims, pretending to belong to them but conspiring against them:

Shin waɗanda zukatansu ke da cuta suna zaton Allah ba zai taɓa fitar da ƙiyayyarsu ba? Da Mun so, da Mun nuna maka su, ka kuma san su da alamominsu; amma lalle za ka san su da salon maganarsu. Allah ya san abin da kuke aikatawa. Lalle Mu za Mu jarrabe ku don mu san waɗanda suka yi jihadi daga cikinku, suka kuma yi haƙuri; kuma Mu gwada labaran ku. (Suratu Muhammad, aya ta 29-31)

Do those who are sick at heart assume that God will never bring their malice to light? Had We so willed, We could have pointed them out to you, and you would have recognized them by their marks; but you will most certainly recognize them by the tone of their speech. God knows all that you people do. Most certainly We shall put you to the proof to see who of you strive hard and remain firm; and We shall test the truth of your assertions. verses 29-31)

Munafukai sun yi tunanin cewa sun ƙware wajen ɓoye gaskiyar lamarinsu, suna sa Musulmi su yi zaton cewa suna kamar su, muminai na gaskiya. Wannan surah tana nuna yadda tunaninsu yake da rauni, kuma tana yi musu barazanar fallasa da zai sa duk ƙiyayyarsu ta zama sananne ga Musulmi. Allah ya ce wa manzonsa: "Da Mun so, da Mun nuna maka su, kuma da ka san su ta alamominsu" (Aya ta 30). Ma'anar wannan shi ne cewa idan Allah ya so, zai iya nuna wa Annabi ﷺ su da sunayensu da matsayinsu, don ya gane su ta siffofinsu. An saukar da wannan aya kafin Allah ya sanar da wasu daga cikinsu ga Annabi ﷺ da sunayensu. Duk da haka, hanyar da suke magana, da yadda suke karkatar da kalmomi da ma'anoni, da yadda suke yi maka magana, suna nuna maka munafunci nasu: "Amma lallai za ka gane su ta sautin maganarsu" (Aya ta 30). Sannan an ƙara magana da ke jaddada saninsa na kowane aiki da dalilansa: "Allah ya san abin da kuke aikatawa" (Aya ta 30). Babu wani abu da ya tsere wa cikakken saninsa.

The hypocrites thought that they were adept in hiding their reality, making the Muslims think they were like them, true believers. The surah shows how naive their thinking is and threatens them with an exposure that makes all their grudges known to the Muslims. God says to His messenger: “Had We so willed. We could have pointed them out to you, and you would have recognized them by their marks” (Verse 30) This means that if God so wishes, He could point them out to the Prophet by name and position so he can recognize them from their features. This verse was revealed before God actually made some of them known to him by name. Nevertheless, the way they speak and their twisting of words and meanings, and the manner in which they address you tells you of their hypocrisy: “but you will most certainly recognize them by the tone of their speech.” (Verse 30) A comment is then added emphasizing Gods knowledge of every deed and its motives: “ God knows all that you people do” (Verse 30) Nothing escapes His perfect knowledge.