Kekuatan hafalannya dan jumlah riwayat yang ia hafal di luar kepala
His Powers Of Retention And The Number Of Reports He Knew By Heart
[ʿAbd Allāh:] Aku mendengar Abū Zurʿah berkata bahwa Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal hafal satu juta hadis. 8.1
[ʿAbd Allāh:] I heard Abū Zurʿah say that Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal knew a million Hadith reports. 8.1
"Bagaimana engkau tahu?" tanyanya.
“How would you know?” he was asked.
"Dia dan saya saling membacakan kepada satu sama lain, dan kami membahas berbagai topik."49
“He and I recited them to each other, and we went through the different topics.”49
[Ṣāliḥ:] Ayah saya menceritakan kepada saya bahwa seorang laki-laki pernah datang ke pintu Ibnu 'Ulayyah dengan membawa kitab-kitab hadis Hushaym. 8.2
[Ṣāliḥ:] My father told me that a man once came to Ibn ʿUlayyah’s door with Hushaym’s Hadith books. 8.2
Dia mulai membacakan riwayat-riwayat itu kepadaku, dan aku akan menyebutkan sanad untuk setiap riwayat. Al-Mu'ayṭī juga biasa menghafal hadis, dan ketika ia tiba, aku meminta agar ia menggantikanku, tetapi ia tidak mau.50
“He started reading the reports out to me, and I would say the chain of transmitters for each one. Al-Muʿayṭī also used to memorize Hadith, and when he arrived I asked him to take over, but he wouldn’t.”50
Ayahku berkata, "Aku bahkan mengetahui riwayat-riwayat [yang diriwayatkan oleh Hushaym] yang belum pernah aku dengar langsung darinya." [Aḥmad:] Aku menghafal segala yang aku dengar dari Hushaym selagi dia masih hidup. 8.3
My father said, “I even knew of reports [transmitted by Hushaym] that I had never heard directly from him.” [Aḥmad:] I memorized everything I heard from Hushaym while he was still alive. 8.3
[Ibn Abī Ḥātim:] Sa'īd bin 'Amr al-Bardha'ī pernah bertanya kepada Abū Zur'ah, siapa yang lebih banyak hafalannya, dia atau Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal. 8.4
[Ibn Abī Ḥātim:] Saʿīd ibn ʿAmr al-Bardhaʿī once asked Abū Zurʿah who had memorized more, he or Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. 8.4
“Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, tentu saja.” “Bagaimana Anda tahu hal itu?” “Ketika saya melihat catatan-catatannya,” kata Abū Zurʿah, “saya melihat bahwa di bagian depan setiap kuras,51 dia tidak mencantumkan nama-nama periwayat yang darinya dia mendengar riwayat. Sebaliknya, untuk setiap kuras, dia menghafal nama-nama periwayat di luar kepala. Saya tidak pernah bisa melakukan hal itu.” [Al-Tustarī:] Abū Zurʿah ditanya tentang siapa di antara para periwayat senior yang memiliki hafalan terbaik. 8.5
“Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, of course.” “How do you know that?” “When I looked at his papers,” said Abū Zurʿah, “I saw that at the front of each quire,51 he didn’t list the names of the transmitters he heard reports from. Instead, for every quire, he knew the names of the transmitters by heart. I could never do that.” [Al-Tustarī:] Abū Zurʿah was asked which of the senior transmitters had the best memory. 8.5
“Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal,” katanya. “Pada hari beliau wafat, orang-orang memperkirakan jumlah kertas yang beliau tinggalkan. Jumlahnya mencapai dua belas setengah beban unta.52 Tidak ada satu pun halaman luar yang bertuliskan ‘Hadis dari Fulan,’ atau ‘Fulan meriwayatkan kepada kami’ pada halaman dalam mana pun. Semua itu beliau hafal di luar kepala.” [Abū Zurʿah:] Aku pernah menemui Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal dan memintanya mencarikan hadis Sufyān untukku. Beliau mengeluarkan kumpulan lembaran yang semuanya diberi label Sufyān, hanya Sufyān, tanpa menandai satu riwayat pun dengan “Diriwayatkan oleh Fulan.” Aku mengira semuanya tentu diriwayatkan oleh orang yang sama. Namun ketika aku memilih beberapa untuk beliau bacakan kembali, beliau akan berkata untuk setiap hadis, “Wakīʿ,” atau “Yaḥyā,” atau siapa pun, “meriwayatkan kepada kami …” Aku takjub. Lebih dari sekali aku mencoba melakukan hal seperti itu, tetapi tidak pernah berhasil. 8.6
“Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal,” he said. “The day he died, they made an estimate of the number of papers he left behind. It came to twelve and a half loads.52 Nowhere on any of the outside pages had he written ‘the Hadith of So-and-So,’ or ‘So-and-So reported to us’ on any of the inside pages. All of that he knew by heart.” [Abū Zurʿah:] I went to see Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal and asked him to find Sufyān’s Hadith for me. He brought out quires all labeled Sufyān, just Sufyān, without marking a single report as “Transmitted by So-and-So.” I thought they must all have been transmitted by the same person. But when I picked some out for him to read back, he would say for each Hadith, “Wakīʿ,” or “Yaḥyā,” or whoever, “reported to us …” I was amazed. More than once I’ve tried to do something like that, but I’ve never been able to. 8.6
[Aḥmad:] Dahulu saya biasa menantang Wakīʿ untuk melafalkan riwayat-riwayat hadis al-Thawrī dari hafalan. Setiap kali Wakīʿ selesai shalat malam yang terakhir, ia akan meninggalkan masjid dan menuju rumahnya. Saya menantangnya, dan ia sering membalas dengan menyebutkan sembilan atau sepuluh riwayat, yang kemudian saya hafalkan. Setelah ia pergi, para ahli hadis akan meminta saya untuk mendiktekan riwayat-riwayat tersebut kepada mereka, dan saya pun melakukannya. 8.7
[Aḥmad:] I used to challenge Wakīʿ to recite al-Thawrī’s Hadith reports from memory. Whenever Wakiʿ finished the last prayer of the night, he would leave the mosque and head for home. I would challenge him and he would often reply by citing nine or ten reports, which I would then memorize. After he left, the Hadith scholars would ask me to dictate the reports to them, and I would. 8.7
[Ibn Saʿīd:] Setiap kali Wakīʿ meninggalkan majelis hadis untuk menunaikan shalat Maghrib, Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal akan ikut bersamanya dan berdiri di dekat pintu sementara Wakīʿ terus menguji hafalannya tentang riwayat-riwayat. Suatu malam, Wakīʿ berhenti di ambang pintu dengan kedua tangannya bertumpu pada kusen, lalu berkata, “Aku akan mengujimu tentang hadis Sufyān.” 8.8
[Ibn Saʿīd:] Whenever Wakīʿ would leave the Hadith-circle to pray the evening prayer, Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal would go with him and stand by the door while Wakīʿ kept quizzing him about reports. One night, Wakīʿ stopped in the doorway with his hands on the jamb and said, “I’m going to test you on the Hadith of Sufyān.” 8.8
"Silakan," kata Ibnu Hanbal.
“Go ahead,” said Ibn Ḥanbal.
"Apakah engkau telah menghafal apa yang Sufyān riwayatkan dengan mengutip Salamah bin Kuhayl … ?" tanya Wakīʿ, sambil membacakan hadis tersebut.
“Have you memorized what Sufyān transmitted citing Salamah ibn Kuhayl … ?” asked Wakīʿ, reciting the Hadith.
"Ya," kata Aḥmad. "Kami mendengar Yaḥyā meriwayatkan," lalu ia menyebutkan periwayatnya.
“Yes,” said Aḥmad. “We heard Yaḥyā report,” giving the transmitter.
"Bagaimana dengan Salamah tentang ini dan itu?" "Kami mendengar ʿAbd al-Raḥmān meriwayatkan," kata Aḥmad.
“What about Salamah on such-and-such?” “We heard ʿAbd al-Raḥmān report,” said Aḥmad.
"Bagaimana dengan Sufyān dari Salamah tentang ini dan itu?" "Kami mendengar itu darimu." Dan mereka terus begitu hingga mereka telah membahas semua riwayat yang disampaikan oleh Salamah. Kemudian Aḥmad bertanya: "Apakah kamu mengetahui riwayat Salamah tentang … ?" lalu ia menyebutkan hadis tersebut.
“What about Sufyān from Salamah on such and-such?” “We heard that from you.” And so they continued until they had covered all of the reports transmitted by Salamah. Then Aḥmad asked: “Do you know Salamah’s report about … ?” giving the Hadith.
"Tidak," kata Wakī'.
“No,” said Wakīʿ.
Ahmad kemudian mulai menanyakan satu riwayat demi satu riwayat. Setiap kali, Waki' tidak mampu menjawab. Ahmad memeriksa riwayat-riwayat dari para perawi besar lainnya satu per satu.
Aḥmad then began asking about one report after another. Each time, Wakīʿ was stumped. Aḥmad went through the reports of the other major transmitters one by one.
Dia masih berdiri di sana ketika seorang budak perempuan datang dan berkata, "Bintang pagi"—atau "Venus"—"sudah terbit!" [Aḥmad:] Wakī' biasa membacakan riwayat-riwayat yang semuanya memiliki rantai periwayat yang sama, seolah-olah ia telah menghafalnya dengan cara demikian. Pada malam hari, aku biasa menghafal sepuluh atau lima belas dari riwayat-riwayat itu.53 8.9
He was still standing there when the servant girl appeared and said, “The morning star”—or “Venus”—“is up!” [Aḥmad:] Wakīʿ used to recite reports that all had the same chain of transmitters, as if he had memorized them all that way. At night I used to commit ten or fifteen of them to memory.53 8.9
[ʿAbd Allāh:] Ayahku biasa berkata kepadaku, "Ambillah salah satu kitab dari koleksi Wakīʿ dan sebutkan kepadaku isi riwayat apa pun di dalamnya, maka aku akan menyebutkan kepadamu silsilah para perawinya."
[ʿAbd Allāh:] My father used to tell me, “Take any of the books of Wakīʿ’s collection and tell me what any report says and I’ll tell you the chain of transmitters.
"Atau sebutkan silsilah periwayatnya, dan saya akan memberitahukan apa yang diriwayatkan."54 8.10
Or tell me the chain and I’ll tell you what the report says.”54 8.10