Katika mahakama ya Kiislamu, hakimu mmoja tu ndiye anayehusika na kesi yoyote. Yeye ndiye mwenye mamlaka ya kutoa hukumu kwa kuzingatia Qur'ani na Sunnah. Majaji wengine wanaweza tu kutoa ushauri au kusaidia, endapo watakapoombwa kufanya hivyo na hakimu anayeongoza kesi.

In an Islamic law court only one judge is responsible for any trial. He has the authority to pronounce judgements based on the Qur’an and Sunnah. Other judges may only advise or assist, if requested to do so by the presiding judge.

Adhabu za Kiislamu zinaweza kutekelezwa tu pale ushahidi unapothibitika kuwa wa uhakika na masharti yote husika yanapotimia (kwa mfano, mashahidi wanne kuthibitisha zinaa). Iwapo kuna shaka yoyote juu ya ushahidi, kesi nzima hutupiliwa mbali.

Islamic punishments can only be administered when the evidence is proven to be definite and all relevant conditions are met (for example four witnesses to prove adultery). If there is any doubt over the evidence the whole case is thrown out.