Katika historia ya Dola ya Kiislamu, ilijulikana sana kwa utawala wake wa haki, na uwezo wake wa kulinda haki za watu, na hili lilikuwa hivyo katika nyanja zote tofauti za maisha, kuanzia za kibinafsi hadi za kisiasa.

In the history of the Islamic State, it was famous for its administration of justice, and its ability to protect the rights of the people, and this was the case in all the different fields of life, from personal to political.

Kuna watu wawili wanaohusika na utekelezaji wa Uislamu kwa namna hii: Khalifa na qadhi (hakimu). Khalifa ndiye anayetekeleza hukumu za Kiislamu na kuzitumia juu ya watu, wakati hakimu hutoa hukumu za Kiislamu kwa hali mbalimbali kutoka vyanzo vyake (yaani Qur'ani, Sunnah, na kila kinachotokana navyo) na kuziwasilisha ili zitumike.

There are two people who are responsible for the implementation of Islam in such a manner - the Khaleefah and the qadi (judge). The Khaleefah executes the Islamic rules and implements them over the people, while the judge derives the Islamic verdicts for the different situations from their sources (i.e. the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and whatever derives from them) and presents them for application.

Kwa hiyo, mahakama ni mojawapo ya nguzo za msingi za Dola ya Kiislamu, na mfumo wa utawala unategemea hilo katika utekelezaji wa Uislamu katika maisha ya kisiasa. Daima katika Dola ya Kiislamu kumekuwepo mahakama inayotoa haki, na majaji wanaowahukumu watu baina yao ili kuhakikisha kwamba Uislamu unafuatwa daima.

Accordingly, the judiciary is one of the fundamental pillars of the Islamic State and it is upon this that the ruling system depends for the implementation of Islam in the political life. There has always been in the Islamic State a judiciary which administers justice, and judges who would judge between the people to ensure that Islam was constantly adhered to.

Mfumo huu wa mahakama si kitu geni kwa Uislamu; kwa hakika unatokana na 'aqeedah ya Kiislamu na ni sehemu muhimu ya mtindo wa maisha wa Kiislamu, ukikamilisha mifumo mingine ya Kiislamu, kama mfumo wa Kiuchumi (Iqtisad) na mfumo wa Kiibada (Ibadat), na hivyo kuunda kitu kizima kinachofanya kazi kikamilifu.

This system of judiciary is nothing alien to Islam; indeed it derives from the Islamic ‘aqeedah and forms an integrated part of the Islamic way of life, complementing the other Islamic systems, like the Economic (Iqtisad) and Ritual (Ibadat) systems, making a perfectly functioning whole.